基于2S2G棱镜的新型反向表面等离子共振生物传感器

提出了一种基于反向表面等离子体共振原理,由Ge_(20)Ga_5Sb_(10)S_(65)-钯-石墨烯分子-生物分子四层结构构成的新型生物传感器。当生物分子之间发生相互作用时,引起生物分子层折射率的变化,从而导致反向表面等离子体共振角的偏移。在此基础上,根据传输矩阵法推导了传感器的输出光谱,重点讨论了本文提出的传感器与传统传感器相比,在灵敏度、分辨率、动态检测范围以及检测信号信噪比方面取得的进展。另外,通过对比研究,深入分析了辅助介质层石墨烯厚度对传感器性能的影响。最后,利用近红外光作为提出的传感器的入射光,分析了在近红外区域传感器性能的改善。研究结果表明:单层石墨烯分子使传感器性能达到最佳;反向表面等离子共振峰强度约为入射光强的80%~90%,使传感器的输出信号具有较大的信噪比;在可见光区域,当入射光波长为632.8nm时,提出的反向表面等离子共振生物传感器的分辨率是基于SiO_2棱镜耦合反向表面等离子共振生物传感器的1.9倍,是传统表面等离子共振生物传感器的3.5倍,提出的传感器的动态检测范围约是现有传感器的2倍;利用Ge_(20)Ga_5Sb_(10)S_(65)棱镜可使反向表面等离子共振生物传感器检测光波长由可见光区域扩展到近红外区域,当入射光为1 000nm时,传感器的分辨率是可见光区域的3~4倍。该研究对基于反向表面等离子体共振原理生物传感器的实现与发展具有重要意义。     

表面声波传感器及其应用

本文简要介绍多种表面声波传感器的结构、特点、应用及其研究进展概况。表面声波传感器依其波型分类,主要包括瑞利波、水平切变声板波、乐甫波和兰姆波传感器;其应用领域根据作用特点大致可分为物理传感器和化学、生物传感器,前者较易实现,后者特异性强,需要针对具体情况作更细致研究。由于表面声波的传播速度和相位对周围环境的参量变化极为敏感,因此有关传感器具有很高的灵敏度和广泛的应用领域。     

光外差干涉全光纤表面粗糙度传感器的研究

本文介绍了基于半导体激光器线性调频干涉技术的全光纤表面粗糙度传感器的研究，该传感器的灵敏度为０．００５μｍ，量程为４ｍｍ，属微型化传感器，辅之以机械传动机构可完成对复杂曲面表面，沟槽表面及３ｍｍ以上内孔表面的表面粗糙度测量，且结构简单易于实用化。     

纳米金表面修饰与表面等离子体共振传感器的相互作用研究

为了分析纳米金表面修饰对表面等离子体共振(SPR)的放大作用,以及其对传感器本身的影响,首先,基于色散介质的吸收理论,通过建立波长型SPR生物传感器四层膜结构的数学模型,理论分析了传感器表面所吸附纳米金对传感器的影响:纳米金的表面修饰,改变了表面等离子体传感器中棱镜表面各介质层内电磁场的能量分布,削弱了金属膜在共振吸收中的作用,从而使SPR曲线的半波宽度增加,最小反射系数增大,金膜的最优膜厚度也随之改变.其次,通过不同厚度的金膜外吸附纳米金的对比试验,验证了此理论.金膜厚45nm、表面修饰10nm纳米金颗 关键词： 表面等离子体共振 生物传感器 纳米金 金属膜     

用于接触式探测的多模光纤探针形状优化

对于进行接触式探测的多模光纤探针,信号光来自于附着于探针表面的待测物。基于几何光学,提出了一个物理模型,用以分析探头形状对所收集的信号光强度的影响。采用此模型,对抛物线型探头进行了仿真,给出了最优形状参数,并采用表面增强拉曼探针进行了初步实验验证。此分析可用于指导各种光纤传感器的设计,以确定其最佳的形状参数,适用于荧光传感器、表面等离子体共振传感器、表面增强拉曼传感器等。     

表面等离激元纳米阵列结构传感器的集成化和小型化研究

表面等离激元由于其异常的光学特性在高灵敏度传感领域有着广泛的应用前景。然而,传统棱镜式表面等离激元传感器由于庞大的体积和昂贵的成本限制了其进一步发展。表面等离激元金属纳米阵列结构传感器的出现为实现低成本、小型化和集成化的表面等离激元传感器提供了一条有效的解决途径。文章首先总结了表面等离激元纳米阵列结构传感器的发展现状和应用优势,然后主要介绍了近期作者课题组在表面等离激元传感器小型化、集成化、低成本方面的一些工作。这些工作对推动表面等离激元传感理论的发展,实现金属纳米阵列传感技术器件化具有较为重要的现实意义。     

侧边抛磨单模光纤表面等离子体传感器的设计和优化

光纤表面等离子体共振传感器具有体积小、抗电磁干扰,可以实现在线实时远距离检测的优点。为提高传感器的性能,建立了侧边抛磨光纤表面等离子体共振传感的物理模型,分别研究了侧边抛磨光纤的剩余厚度、银膜层的厚度对传感器的灵敏度、共振峰的深度和半高全宽等的影响。结果表明：光纤剩余厚度越小,表面等离子体共振现象越强;随银膜层的厚度增大,共振峰的宽度变宽,而传感器的灵敏度呈现非单调变化。通过综合表面等离子体共振传感器的折射率传感灵敏度和共振峰半高全宽,提出了质量因数作为传感器的优化指标,并最终得到最优化的设计方案为光纤剩余厚度为66.5 μm,银膜的厚度为50 nm,此时质量因数达到98.67。     

基于超连续谱的光子晶体光纤表面等离子体效应

 提出了利用光子晶体光纤空气孔塌缩技术制作光子晶体光纤表面等离子体共振传感器,构建了空气孔完全塌缩的光子晶体光纤表面等离子体共振传感器模型,并模拟计算了其中的表面等离子体共振效应。制作了全光纤化的波长检测型的光子晶体光纤表面等离子体共振传感器,利用超连续谱光源进行了相关实验。实验结果表明:以空气为待测环境介质时,对应的共振波长为465 nm,与理论计算相符合。     

基于表面等离子体共振原理的空芯光纤传感器

设计了一种基于表面等离子体共振原理,使用空芯光纤作为光波导、外表面镀金属膜的光学材料圆柱体作为探头的新型折射率传感器。通过建立光学模型进行分析,在理论上推导出了这种传感器的传输光谱损耗公式,并针对该传感器在不同的光纤长度、探头材料、检测物质折射率等参数设置下的检测性能进行了分析,获得了各种参数对其性能的影响。由于该传感器可针对不同折射率的检测物质灵活地更换合适探头材料,相对于传统的表面等离子体共振光纤传感器,在易用性和性价比等方面具有更好的应用价值。     

金属膜层对光纤表面等离子传感器的影响研究

采用SG-12SA作为镀膜设备, 研究了当金膜厚度相同的情况下, 光纤表面等离子体波传感器在有粘结层和无粘结层时的光谱特性; 当粘结层厚度相同时, 光纤表面等离子体波传感器对应不同金膜厚度的光谱特性。结果表明：对镀有同样金膜厚度的光纤表面等离子体波传感器, 纤芯与金膜之间有粘结层相对于无粘结层, 共振波长出现红移, 且共振深度减小; 对镀有同样粘结层厚度的光纤表面等离子体波传感器, 随着金膜厚度的增加, 共振波长亦逐渐发生红移。这些研究成果为以后研制性能优良的光纤传感器提供了参考, 同时为在直径为微米级的三维圆柱面上镀膜提供一定的指导意义。     

Lignocellulosic composites with grafted polystyrene interfaces

The effects of surface grafting of a polymer onto lignocellulosic fiber surface and processing methods on both the interfacial interactions and the resulting composite properties of the fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites were investigated. Chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) wood fiber was used as a reinforcement, which has been chemically modified by radical polymer grafting of styrene onto the fiber surfaces. The chemically modified CTMP fiber was then compounded with polystyrene (PS). Two different processing methods, both compression and injection moldings, were performed to prepare the wood-fiber-reinforced composites. Experimental results showed that surface modification of wood fiber leads to an obvious increase in mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced composites as compared to the untreated fiber composites. The enhancement of mechanical properties is much greater through injection molding compared with compression molding owing to occurrence of orientation, and better mixing and interaction between the fiber and the matrix by injection molding. An improvement in fiber wetting properties and adhesion by the matrix was observed through scanning electron microscopy for the surface grafted fiber reinforced composites. Untreated wood fiber exhibited a smooth surface without adhered polymer, indicating poor adhesion, while polymer attached to the surface was seen on treated cellulose fiber due to the higher fiber-matrix interactions.     

光纤端面倾斜对光纤耦合高温计标定的影响

 分析了光纤端面倾斜对光能量耦合的影响和光纤接收角的变化。结果表明,光纤端面倾斜对光能量的耦合具有较大的影响,同时使光纤的接收角也产生较大的偏移。把这些结果与标定的具体情况相结合,提出了在高温计标定中应采取的措施,以提高系统的测量精度。     

Comparison of F-12 aramid fiber with domestic armid fiber III on surface feature

A comparison of F-12 aramid fiber with domestic armid fiber III (DAF III) on surface feature was carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), elements analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. It is found that the two aramid fibers are of “skin-core” structure and fibrillar structure. The microfibrils orient along the fiber axis and rather poorly bond in transverse direction. Many defects exist on the surface of two fibers. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen are the major elements of two aramid fiber. The element content of the same aramid fiber from surface to interior is different. The surface carbon contents of F-12 aramid fiber and DAF III are increased by 10.75% and 9.95% than those in fiber interior respectively, the surface nitrogen content decreased by 9.72% and 27.02% respectively, and the surface oxygen content increased by 13.99% and 37.95% respectively.     

Numerical Simulation of the Melt Spinning Process of Noncircular Fibers Incorporating Surface Tension

Incorporating surface tension, a mathematical modeling system was established to simulate the melt spinning process of a noncircular fiber. A Newtonian fluid was assumed and an isothermal spinning process was considered. Finite element method was adopted to solve the system. The predicted shape of as‐spun fiber was compared with experiments. It was found that surface tension was a key factor in the spinning process of noncircular fibers, which would greatly change the fiber cross‐sectional shape. Simulation would fail to predict the noncircular fiber shape accurately if surface tension was ignored. The fiber shape change caused by the velocity rearrangement only occurs near the spinneret, but surface tension would keep changing the curvature of the fiber surface along the spinline. Die swell of fiber extrudate during the spinning process was also investigated and it was found that die swelling of fiber extrudate near the spinneret was greatly suppressed by the stretch imposed by a take‐up device, when compared with the free extrusion process.     

Radical grafting from carbon fiber surface: graft polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by azo groups introduced onto the surface

This paper describes the radical graft polymerizations of vinyl monomers from carbon fiber surface initiated by azo groups introduced onto the fiber surface. The carbon fiber used in this experiment was the polyacrylonitrile type. The introduction of azo groups onto the carbon fiber surface was achieved by the reaction of 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) with isocyanate groups which were previously attached onto the surface by the treatment of the fiber with tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate. The amount of surface azo groups introduced onto nitric acid-treated carbon fiber was determined to be 0.60 x 10^-5 mol 9^-1 by nitrogen analysis. The radical graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was tried. Though the thermal polymerization of MMA proceeded slightly in the absence or in the presence of untreated carbon fiber, the rate of the polymerization was considerably low. In contrast, the graft polymerization of MMA was initiated in the presence of the carbon fiber having surface azo groups, and part of resultant poly(MMA) grafted onto the surface. The percentage of grafting increased with an increase in polymerization time and reached 42.8% after 24 h. The graft polymerizations of other monomers, such as styrene, vinyl acetate, and acrylic acid, were also initiated by the surface azo groups attached onto the carbon fiber, and the corresponding polymer effectively grafted onto the surface.     

Surface wettability of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge processed Armos fibers

Wettability of Armos fibers has been investigated after exposed to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, which was performed at atmospheric pressure in air while varying the sample treatment time between 9 and 27 s. Contact angles and surface free energy of the original and plasma-treated fibers were measured with dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA) to reveal the correlation between the fiber wettability and the surface treatment, including surface composition and topography modifications, which were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. It was found by XPS analysis that the O/C atomic ratio on Armos fiber surface can be increased from 0.134 to 0.248 after the 18 s exposure to the plasma and many polar functional groups were proved to be incorporated into the surface, which aided good wetting. In addition, AFM observations revealed the changes of fiber surface microstructure, showing significant enhancement of the surface roughness after the treatment, which could also bring the fiber better wettability. What's more, the impacts of fiber surface treatment on its tensile properties were characterized by single fiber tensile strength (SFTS) testing. Results showed that Armos fibers exhibited only slight reductions in their tensile strengths with the great enhancement in fiber surface free energy.     

Surface and core modification of carbon fibers

Thermal and thermochemical treatments with amines have been shown to improve both the mechanical strengths of carbon fibers and their interfacial bonding forces with polymer matrix. In this report, the wettabilities of the surface-treated carbon fibers were studied by dynamic contact angles with epoxy resin. Two mechanisms occur during the fiber modification processes, namely, the fiber core restructuring and surface etching. The former occurs at elevated temperature and increases the fiber strength significantly. When surface reaction occurs, the number of surface oxides increases to improve the surface wettabilities, which may be observed by the decreased dynamic contact angles. Accompanying the etch-cleaning effects, the fiber strength would also increase initially. Deeper penetration of amine would destroy the graphite crystallinity on fiber surfaces and lower the fiber strength.     

Surface treatment of aramid fiber by air dielectric barrier discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure

Aramid fiber samples are treated by air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at atmospheric pressure; the plasma treatment time is investigated as the major parameter. The effects of this treatment on the fiber surface physical and chemical properties are studied by using surface characterization techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is performed to determine the surface morphology changes, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is analyzed to reveal the surface chemical composition variations and dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA) is used to examine the changes of the fiber surface wettability. In addition, the wetting behavior of a kind of thermoplastic resin, poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK), on aramid fiber surface is also observed by SEM photos. The study shows that there seems to be an optimum treatment condition for surface modification of aramid fiber by the air DBD plasma. In this paper, after the 12 s, 27.6 W/cm³ plasma treatment the aramid fiber surface roughness is significantly improved, some new oxygen-containing groups such as C-O, CO and OC-O are generated on the fiber surface and the fiber surface wettability is greatly enhanced, which results in the better wetting behavior of PPESK resin on the plasma-treated aramid fiber.     

Effects of air dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment time on surface properties of PBO fiber

In this paper, the effects of air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment time on surface properties of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber were investigated. The surface characteristics of PBO fiber before and after the plasma treatments were analyzed by dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). DCA measurements indicated that the surface wettability of PBO fiber was improved significantly by increasing the fiber surface free energy via air DBD plasma treatments. The results were confirmed by the improvement of adhesion of a kind of thermoplastic resin to PBO fiber which was observed by SEM, showing that more resin was adhering evenly to the fiber surface. AFM measurement revealed that the surface topography of PBO fiber became more complicated and the surface roughness was greatly enhanced after the plasma treatments, and XPS analysis showed that some new polar groups (e.g. OCO) were introduced on plasma treated PBO fiber surface. The results of this study also showed that the surface properties of PBO fiber changed with the elongation of plasma treatment time.