CexZr1-xO2固溶体储氧性能与结构的关系

采用加热回流技术制备了系列CexZr1-xO2(0.25≤x≤1)固溶体,通过N2物理吸附、XRD、Raman光谱、UV-Vis漫反射光谱表征了不同铈锆组成的铈锆复合氧化物结构对储氧性能的影响.结果表明,在铈锆组成比不同的样品之间,结构性质相差较大,随着载体中ZrO2 mol%的增加,载体结构从相对的有序经无序再回到相对的有序.Ce0.4Zr0.6O2样品具有最高的储氧性能,而Ce0.25Zr0.75O2样品具有较高的热稳定性.     

CO选择性氧化用Cu_1Zr_1Ce_9O_δ催化剂的红外光谱研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂,用于富氢气体中CO的选择性氧化反应,利用原位漫反射红外光谱技术考察了Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂表面上的吸附物种和反应中间产物。研究发现,H2,O2和CO物种竞争吸附于Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ表面相同的吸附位上。氢气预处理会引起Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂上Cu+物种的深度还原,降低了CO的吸附量。氧气预处理为催化剂提供了较多的活性氧物种,同时抑制了Cu+物种的深度还原。氦气预处理仅起到净化催化剂表面的作用。180℃时Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂在2938.7和2843.8cm-1处出现桥式和双齿型甲酸根物种的红外吸收峰。Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂上活性较高的氧阴离子在常温下即可将催化剂表面上吸附的CO氧化成表面碳酸根。甲酸根和碳酸根物种占据Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂的吸附中心,导致催化剂活性降低。300℃下用氦气吹扫Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂表面,双齿型的甲酸根物种分解生成碳酸根物种,碳酸根物种再继续分解生成CO2,释放出催化剂表面的吸附位,恢复了Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂的活性。     

MOCVD法生长ZnO薄膜的结构及光学特性

采用MOCVD方法在c Al2 O3衬底上生长出了具有单一c轴取向的ZnO薄膜 ,采用X射线衍射 (XRD)、Raman散射、X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)及光致发光 (PL)谱等方法对ZnO薄膜的结构及光学特性进行分析测试。XRD分析只观察到ZnO薄膜 (0 0 0 2 )衍射峰 ,其FWHM数值为 0 1 84°。Raman散射谱中 ,4 35 32cm- 1 处喇曼峰为ZnO的E2 (high)振动模 ,A1 (LO)振动模位于 5 75 32cm- 1 处。XPS分析表明 :ZnO薄膜表面易吸附游离态氧 ,刻蚀后ZnO薄膜O1s光电子能谱峰位于 5 30 2eV ,更接近Zn—O键中O1s电子结合能 (5 30 4eV)。PL谱中 ,在3 2 8eV处观察到了自由激子发射峰 ,而深能级跃迁峰位于 2 5 5eV ,二者峰强比值为 4 0∶1 ,表明生长的ZnO薄膜具有较高的光学质量     

掺铈YVO4晶体的发光特性及铈离子的价态分析

采用中频感应单晶炉和提拉法生长了高质量的掺Ce的YVO4晶体，并采用了两种不同的方式进行掺杂，即分别在YVO4晶体掺入了Ce2（CO3）3和CeO2，两种不同方式的掺杂浓度均为2at％．使用XRD测试了这两种晶体的物相，发现样品主要以YVO4相存在．吸收谱、荧光光谱和激发光谱的测试发现，这两种不同掺杂方式所得到的样品具有相似的光谱特性，即使用325nm的紫外线激发时，两种样品均可发出以44Onm为中心的宽带蓝光，这是来自Ce3＋离子的5d→4f的特征发射；而在46Onm的激发下，两种样品又均可发出以620nm为中心的宽带红光．通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对样品中的各个元素进行的测试分析，发现氧元素的1s峰分裂为529．8eV和531．8eV,这说明晶体中存在两种配位氧离子，一种是正常配位的氧离子（O2-），另一种是带空穴的配位氧离子（O-）．由ce的XPS测试结果中展现的5个5d峰推断，样品中的铈是以Ce3＋和Ce4＋两种形式共存，这种共存与两种配位氧离子的存在密切相关．我们认为，Ce：YVO4晶体的宽带红光发射来自Ce4＋-O2-的电荷迁移发光，并且它有可能因此而成为一种新型的用于白光LED的红色荧光粉．     

Ca_(1-x)Al_2Si_2O_8∶Eu_x表面结构与荧光强度相互关系的研究

采用固相法分别在1 150,1 250,1 350,1 450℃下制备了Ca_(1-x)Al_2Si_2O_8∶Eu_x(x=0,0.01,0.05,0.15)系列微晶材料。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、光致发光光谱仪(PL)和X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)研究了CaAl_2Si_2O_8表面结构与荧光强度之间的相互关系。XRD和Raman结果表明:在制备CaAl_2Si_2O_8材料的过程中,随着温度不断升高,原材料逐渐结晶形成结构较为完整的CaAl_2Si_2O_8相;并且从拉曼光谱可以清晰看出,当Eu掺杂量相同时,随着烧结温度的升高,Si—O非晶相逐渐减少,硅氧四面体逐步形成,其振动峰位置逐渐向低波数移动,但当温度过高时硅氧四面体破坏形成宽化的的非晶峰;Eu的掺杂阻碍了Al取代Si位置的过程,因此在1 620波数处振动峰先增强后减弱。这种材料表面结构的变化与Eu的掺杂密切相关,影响着材料表面Eu原子数量分布。PL和XRF结果表明:相同Eu掺杂量时,温度越高越有利于Eu原子扩散到样品表面,从而使样品的荧光强度更强。因此样品的荧光强度和样品单位表面积Eu原子数量存在正比关系。     

Ba_2MgSi_2O_7∶RE荧光粉发光性能的研究

采用高温固相法合成了Ba2MgSi2O7∶RE(RE=Eu2 ,Ce3 ,Tb3 )系列荧光粉,研究了其结构和光谱特性。样品的XRD衍射图表明稀土离子的掺入没有引起基质晶格结构的变化。样品Ba2MgSi2O7∶Ce3 在紫外光激发下呈蓝紫色发射,而样品Ba2MgSi2O7∶Eu2 在紫外光激发下呈绿色发射。对样品Ba2MgSi2O7∶Eu2 的光谱分析表明Eu2 在焦硅酸钡体系中可能占据两个不同格位。此外还分析了Ce3 ,Eu2 和Ce3 ,Tb3 共激活焦硅酸钡盐在紫外光激发下的光谱特性,并对其中存在的能量传递机理进行了讨论。     

Cu在Zr掺杂CeO2(111)面吸附特性的第一性原理研究

采用基于广义梯度近似的投影缀加平面波方法和具有三维周期性边界条件的超晶胞结构模型,用第一原理计算方法,计算并分析了Cu在Zr掺杂的CeO2(111)面吸附所形成的Cu/ Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(111)界面体系的吸附能、吸附结构和电子结构。结果表明：（1）Cu在Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(111)面上次层O的顶位,且邻近Zr原子的吸附位置的吸附能最大,吸附最强;（2）Zr的掺杂增强了Cu与CeO2衬底的作用;（3）Cu的吸附,在CZ(111)面的O2p-Ce4f态之间引入了新的间隙态,这些间隙态主要来自于Cu3d与衬底O2p的杂化作用,这是Cu与CeO2/ZrO2有较强作用的主要原因;（4）吸附的Cu被Ce0.75Zr0.25O2氧化为Cuδ+,并伴随着表面Ce4+ → Ce3+的转化,该反应可以总结为：Cu/Ce4+→ Cu δ+/Ce3+。     

燃烧法合成La_2Zr_2O_7粉及其光谱性能

以La_2O_3,Zr(NO_3)_4和甘氨酸为原料,采用燃烧法合成La_2Zr_2O_7粉。分别用发射光谱法(ICPAES)、能谱法(EDAX)、X衍射法(XRD)、红外光谱法(IR)和热重-差热法(TG-DTA)等对La_2Zr_2O_7粉进行表征。分别研究了热处理温度对La_2Zr_2O_7粉的X衍射谱和红外光谱的影响。La_2Zr_2O_7粉的ICP-AES和EDAX分析结果表明,用燃烧法可合成出La_2Zr_2O_7粉。不同温度热处理后La_2Zr_2O_7粉的XRD分析结果表明,当热处理温度为600℃时,出现一个衍射峰,且衍射峰较宽,该结构为半晶型结构;提高热处理温度,衍射峰逐渐尖锐,峰形变窄,衍射峰逐渐增多;热处理温度在750~800℃范围,可得到烧绿石结构的La_2Zr_2O_7粉。在650~750℃热处理后La_2Zr_2O_7粉的红外光谱分析结果与XRD分析结果相同,热处理温度为750℃时,可得到烧绿石结构的La_2Zr_2O_7粉。La_2Zr_2O_7粉的TG-DTG分析结果表明,在120~1 600℃范围,La_2Zr_2O_7粉的结构稳定。     

低温拉曼光谱研究β-Bi_2O_3中氧离子晶格的无序行为

本文首次应用拉曼光谱技术对β-Bi2O3进行了温度范围为78~300K的拉曼光谱研究,在220K左右,观察到A1(1),A1(2),A1(3),B1几个振动模的半峰宽明显展宽和绝对强度急剧降低的现象。重点讨论了氧离子相关的几个拉曼振动模,指出这种半峰宽展宽的现象是β-Bi2O3内氧离子晶格无序化造成的。借助于理论模型,对氧离子晶格的势能环境进行了理论分析,用半峰宽数据拟合出β-Bi2O3中氧离子无序激活能为0.2eV。     

Cu在Zr掺杂CeO_2(111)表面吸附特性的第一性原理研究北大核心CSCD

采用第一原理计算方法,计算并分析了Cu在Zr掺杂的CeO2(111)表面吸附的吸附能及所形成的Cu/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(111)界面体系的吸附结构和电子结构.结果表明:1)Cu在Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(111)表面上邻近Zr原子的次层O的顶位吸附最强;2)Zr的掺杂增强了Cu与CeO2衬底的作用;3)Cu的吸附在Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(111)表面的O2p-Ce4f态之间引入了新的间隙态,这些间隙态主要来自于Cu3d与衬底O2p的杂化作用,这是Cu与Ce0.75Zr0.25O2有较强作用的主要原因;4)吸附的Cu被Ce0.75Zr0.25O2氧化为Cuδ+,并伴随着表面Ce4+→Ce3+的转化,该反应可以总结为:Cu/Ce4+→Cuδ+/Ce3+.     

高性能涂层材料La2Zr2O7的反射偏振光谱特性

稀土锆酸盐(RE₂Zr₂O₇, RE为稀土元素)体系材料具有热导率低、高温相结构稳定、抗化学腐蚀和价格相对低廉等优势,近年来在热障涂层、环境障涂层和核防护涂层等领域得到广泛而深入的应用,获得了广泛关注。然而,目前对该涂层材料的研究主要还是集中在热学、力学及电学性能等,对光学性能特别是反射光的偏振特性研究则鲜见报道。以锆酸镧(La₂Zr₂O₇)为代表,系统研究了稀土锆酸盐光学偏振特性,特别分析了材料表面属性与光学偏振特性的对应关系。实验中利用固相反应法分别合成制备了La₂Zr₂O₇粉体和致密块体材料,并利用XRD(X-ray diffraction), Raman spectra和SEM (scanning electron microscope)等分析表征其微观结构,结果显示制备的La₂Zr₂O₇材料为立方焦绿石相结构。在光学性能分析中,分别用自然光和线偏振光作为探测光源,在不同探测角下研究其反射光偏振特性。研究表明,对于自然光入射,La₂Zr₂O₇块体和粉体材料的线偏振度（DOLP）与入射光波长呈现显著的依赖关系,随着波长的增加,DOLP呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。值得注意的是在红外波段,DOLP迅速降低并接近于0,表明该材料在红外波段表现出良好的偏振隐身特性。研究还发现,在自然光入射时,致密块体材料的DOLP分别在波长~720和~773 nm出现极大值,且峰值波长对探测角度不敏感,粉体材料在~714和~774 nm附近也出现两个峰。在线偏振光入射,块体材料在大角度探测角下,DOLP在~720和~763 nm出现两个峰,与自然光入射光不同的是,同一个探测角下两个峰的峰值大小基本相同,粉体材料则在~720和~755 nm附近出现两个峰,且峰值强度减弱,说明涂层材料的粗糙度对反射光的偏振特性有一定影响,研究进一步显示,两个峰值对应的波长与探测角无显著依赖关系。本研究结果为稀土锆酸盐涂层材料的偏振光谱学的开发、应用和设计提供理论和实验支撑。     

IR investigation of the interaction of deuterium with Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 and Cl-doped Ce0.6Zr0.4O2

The interaction of deuterium with Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂, synthesised by a co-precipitation technique, is discussed on the basis of the sample's bulk and surface composition and the presence of trace amounts of silicon. Redox cycling resulted in surface cerium enrichment, which, however, only moderately affected the interaction of the material with D₂. Addition of a trace amount of chloride ion to the oxide surface promoted both H/D scrambling and vacancy creation. Chloride ion was also found to prevent the surface cerium enrichment induced by redox cycling.     

第一性原理模拟U在Gd2Zr2O7烧绿石中的固溶

采用第一性原理密度泛函理论模拟U在Gd₂Zr₂O₇烧绿石中的固溶,在低浓度U掺杂时,Gd₂Zr₂O₇烧绿石保持烧绿石结构;随着U掺杂浓度增加,Gd₂(Zr_{2-y}U_y)O₇和(Gd_{2-y}U_y)Zr₂O₇体系的晶格常数发生线性变化．计算结果表明,由于总能较低,U原子更偏向于替代无序换位后Gd₂Zr₂O₇晶格中B位的Gd原子．     

The study on porosity and thermophysical properties of nanostructured La2Zr2O7 coatings

Lanthanum-zirconium nano-powders were synthesized by molten salts method. Nanostructured lanthanum-zirconium coatings were deposited by air plasma spraying. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were carried out to analyze the as-sprayed coatings and powders. The pore size distribution and buck density of coatings were identified by mercury intrusion porosimetry. The thermophysical properties of the nanostructured coatings were also examined through laser flash technique and differential scanning calorimetry. The results demonstrate that the as-sprayed nanostructured coatings consist of the pyrochlore-type phase. The as-sprayed nanostructured lanthanum-zirconium coatings have a very low porosity. The thermal conductivity of the as-sprayed nanostructured lanthanum-zirconium coating is lower than that of the conventional coating between 200 °C and 950 °C, but when the temperature between 950 °C and 1300 °C, the result is reverse.     

A re-evaluation of the heat capacity of cerium zirconate (Ce2Zr2O7)

The heat capacity of cerium zirconate pyrochlore, Ce₂Zr₂O₇, was measured from 0.4 to 305 K by hybrid adiabatic relaxation method for various magnetic field strengths. Magnetisation measurements were performed on the sample also. The results revealed a low-temperature anomaly that showed Schottky-type characteristics with increasing magnetic field strength. The estimated entropy due to the magnetic ordering of the two Ce³⁺ moments is 1.37R, close to the theoretical value for a doublet ground state (1.39R). The enthalpy increments relative to 298.15 K were measured by drop calorimetry from 531 to 1556 K. The obtained results significantly differ from those reported in the literature; the origin of the discrepancy is due to the probable oxidation of the pyrochlore structure into fluorite.     

铀在Nd_2Zr_2O_7烧绿石中的固溶量及重离子辐照效应

Nd_2Zr_2O_7烧绿石因其稳定的物理化学性质和辐照稳定性可以作为高放废物中锕系核素的固化基材.通过溶胶凝胶—喷雾热解—高温烧结方法制备了含铀的Nd_2Zr_2O_7烧绿石固化体;开展了Nd_2Zr_2O_7和Nd_(1.9)U_(0.1)Zr_2O_7固化体的重离子辐照实验,辐照剂量为1 dpa和3 dpa;利用X射线衍射和Raman光谱对固化体结构进行了分析.研究发现铀在Nd_2Zr_2O_7烧绿石体系的固溶量仅为10 at%,高价态铀掺杂导致固化体结构向无序化转变.重离子辐照实验表明, Nd_2Zr_2O_7烧绿石基材具有较高的抗辐照稳定性;而Nd_(1.9)U_(0.1)Zr_2O_7在较低辐照剂量下,固化体烧绿石体系结构破坏,重离子辐照诱导固化体结构转变为更加无序化的萤石结构.低固溶量和抗辐照能力减弱主要是由于锕系核素烧绿石固化体的结构无序化所致.     

Synthesis and characterizations of Ho2O3 modified SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics

SrBi_2-xHo_xNb₂O₉ (0?≤?x?≤?0.5) ceramics were prepared through the conventional solid state route. The materials have been characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM. All compounds were pure and well crystallized. In FTIR spectroscopy, the spectral patterns of the crystal structures of these polyphases are unique and smoothly different from each other. The grains were prone to become spherical with increasing x. Dielectric and electrical properties of these materials as a function of temperature at different frequencies have been carried out. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were found to decrease with an increase of the holmium concentration at room temperature. Reaching up to x?=?0.4 and x?=?0.5, the diffusivity increases, leading to the occurrence of relaxor behavior. 20–30 at.% Ho doping on the Bi-site can fill up the oxygen vacancies and decrease the AC conductivity. However, at higher doping levels greater than 40% holmium oxide, the AC conductivity is found to increase.     

La2Zr2O7:Eu3+纳米棒的合成、表征及其荧光性能

采用传统固相法和水热法成功地制备出棒状La₂Zr₂O₇:Eu³⁺荧光粉. 利用X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电镜和荧光光谱仪等分析了产物的结构、形貌和发光特性. 结果表明红色荧光粉La₂Zr₂O₇:Eu³⁺有良好的晶相,属于立方结构,空间点群为Fd3m; 其形貌主要为纳米棒, 平均直径约47 nm, 长度为50～700 nm. 并对纳米棒的生长机理进行了探讨. 在466 nm蓝光激发下,La₂Zr₂O₇:Eu³⁺荧光粉能发射出Eu³⁺的特征红色荧光,发射主峰位于616 nm处,归属于Eu³⁺的⁵DO_→⁷F2_{超灵敏电偶极跃迁.此外,在产物的发射光谱中能够观察到⁵D}1_→⁷FJ _{(J=0, 1, 2)跃迁和⁵D}1_→⁷FJ _{(J=1, 2, 4)跃迁的劈裂峰,这说明Eu³⁺处在低对称性的晶体场格位中.}     

Emission features of Ho ion in Nb2O5, Ta2O5 and La2O3 mixed Li2O-ZrO2-SiO2 glasses

Li₂O-ZrO₂-SiO₂: Ho³⁺ glasses mixed with three interesting d-block elemental oxides, viz., Nb₂O₅, Ta₂O₅ and La₂O₃, were prepared. Optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of these glasses have been recorded at room temperature. The luminescence spectra of Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅ mixed Li₂O-ZrO₂-SiO₂ glasses (free of Ho³⁺ ions) have also exhibited broad emission band in the blue region. This band is attributed to radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons (STEs) localized on substitutionally positioned octahedral Ta⁵⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ ions in the glass network. The Judd-Ofelt theory was successfully applied to characterize Ho³⁺ spectra of all the three glasses. From this theory various radiative properties, like transition probability A, branching ratio β_r and the radiative lifetime τ_r, for ⁵S₂ emission levels in the spectra of these glasses have been evaluated. The radiative lifetime for ⁵S₂ level of Ho³⁺ ions has also been measured and quantum efficiencies were estimated. Among the three glasses studied the La₂O₃ mixed glass exhibited the highest quantum efficiency. The reasons for such higher value have been discussed based on the relationship between the structural modifications taking place around the Ho³⁺ ions.     

Combustion synthesis and photoluminescence of Eu, Dy-doped La2Zr2O7 nanocrystals

A facile and energy saving sol-gel combustion method has been used to prepare La₂Zr₂O₇ nanocrystallines. The pyrochlore La₂Zr₂O₇ nanocrystals have been obtained at a relatively low temperature with the grain size ranging from 45 to 70 nm. Eu³⁺ and Dy³⁺ have been introduced into the La₂Zr₂O₇ crystal structure, respectively, and the intense photoluminescence was observed. The relative intensity of electric dipole transition and magnetic dipole transition is considered for luminescence emission both of Eu³⁺ and Dy³⁺. The dependence of luminescence intensity on dopant concentration and the effect of Dy³⁺ co-doping on Eu³⁺ luminescence are also discussed.