HL-3装置强场侧低杂波天线的波谱设计

为研究高参数等离子体的低杂波可近性,基于HL-3装置设计了一套位于强场侧的低杂波天线。利用ALOHA代码对强场侧的天线进行模拟分析,针对只有一个单元的PAM天线,分别对其子波导数量、有源/无源子波导的高度、宽度和壁厚等参数进行模拟,得到了天线的最佳结构和尺寸。最终优化后的天线发射参数为：波谱中心的平行折射率N|为2.25,天线的反射系数小于2%,方向性系数大于0.59。     

电子密度对等离子体光子晶体禁带特性的影响

从Maxwell方程出发,采用类似于量子力学Kronig-Penney模型求解周期势的方法,结合双水电极介质阻挡放电的实验结果,研究了电子密度ne对一维等离子体光子晶体禁带特性的影响。研究发现:电子密度对等离子体光子晶体光子禁带的位置和宽度均有重要的影响;等离子体光子晶体的禁带宽度随电子密度的增加而增大,增长速率为电子密度的函数;等离子体光子晶体的截止频率、光子禁带边缘频率随电子密度的增大而增大。给出了当等离子体光子晶体具有显著禁带宽度时的电子密度的理论临界值。     

气压对大面积等离子体片电子密度分布的影响

利用脉冲磁约束线形空心阴极放电装置,在15mT磁场约束下,产生了持续时间为200μs、峰值放电电流为3A、面积为60cm×60cm的大面积等离子体片。采用快帧法和旋转空心阴极法,在90~210Pa内,利用朗缪尔探针首次获得了不同气压的等离子体片的厚度向电子密度分布及其演化构成的二维分布图;研究了在同等峰值放电电流条件下,等离子体片达到最大厚度向峰值电子密度时,气压对所需放电时间、最大厚度向峰值电子密度及电子密度半高宽的影响。结果表明:在相同的峰值放电电流条件下,等离子体片达到最大厚度向峰值电子密度的时间随气压的降低而减小;气压越低,最大厚度向峰值电子密度越大,电子密度半高宽越小。     

HL-2A装置LHCD天线波谱测量与数值计算

用网络分析仪对HL-2A装置LHCD天线阵列子波导间的相位差,子波导间的相对功率和各主波导的电压驻波比等参数进行了测量。用测量值代入程序计算得到的波谱与理论计算的结果进行比较,表明天线发射的波谱与数值计算基本一致,能满足将要在HL-2A进行的LHCD实验。     

HL-2A装置LHCD多节发射天线阵波谱的数值计算与分析

即将在HL-2A装置上使用的LHCD实验的天线是原来在HL-1M装置上使用并经过改进的天线。我们对多节发射天线阵各子波导间的相位、各主波导的反射系数和驻波比等参数进行了测量。本文介绍了对多节发射天线阵的各子波导间相差，主波导电压驻波比等参数的测量，及用这些值与理论值计算波谱的结果进行了比较，从而对天线系统有一个正确的认识和评价。这些测量无疑对将来的天线设计和在HL-2A装置上进行LHCD实验分析都是十分有益的。     

介质表面附近微波大气击穿的理论研究

将麦克斯韦方程组和简化等离子体方程耦合求解, 对介质表面附近大气击穿形成等离子体的过程进行了理论研究. 分别使用一维、二维模型对等离子体的形成过程及等离子体对电磁波的反射、吸收过程进行了模拟研究. 一维计算结果发现在n_e = 0, j = 0两种边界条件下, 虽然形成的等离子体密度分布相差较大, 但二者得到的微波反射、吸收、透射波形彼此相差不大. 初始电子数密度厚度为20 mm的条件下, 得到界面附近的等离子体密度大于5 mm厚度的情况. 二维计算结果发现, 由于TE10模在波导中心位置处的微波电场最强, 电子碰撞电离首先在中心位置处形成等离子体, 当等离子体密度达到一定值(临界密度附近)时, 波导中心介质表面处微波场强减小, 等离子体区域沿着介质表面向两侧移动. TE10模在波导边缘处微波电场强度小于击穿阈值, 因此等离子体区域不可能移动到波导边缘附近.     

新型低混杂波发射天线设计研究

描述了一种新型低混杂波天线／有源／无源波导间隔排列的阵列天线，给出了其物理模型和计算方法，对其发射波谱和反射特性进行了研究。计算了这种波导阵列中的有源波导的平均反射系数和发射波谱的方向性系数随等离子体参数和天线参数的变化关系，以及不同参数下的发射波谱，并对ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置上现有低混杂波天线特性做了更进一步的分析计算。     

微波瑞利散射法测定空气电火花激波等离子体射流的时变电子密度

大气压空气电火花激波等离子体射流的电子密度在亚微秒时间尺度上瞬变,其电子密度的测定很难.基于微波瑞利散射原理,本文测量了空气电火花冲击波流注放电等离子体射流的时变电子密度.实验结果表明:测量系统的标定参数A为1.04 × 105 V·Ω·m–2;空气流注放电等离子体射流的电子密度与等离子体射流的半径和长度有关,结合高速放电影像展示的等离子体射流的等效半径和等效长度,测定的电子密度在1020 m–3的量级,且随时间先快速增长至峰值再成指数衰减.此外,本文还探讨了等离子体射流的不同等效尺度对测定结果的影响;分析结果表明,采用时变等效半径和时变等效长度的计算结果最有效,且第1个快速波峰是由光电离的电离波导致的.     

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通过数值模拟研究了低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性。采用线型耦合理论,用艾黎函数计算了等离子体阻抗,推导出常规波导阵对等离子体的散射矩阵,并利用它和天线自身的散射矩阵研究了HT-7装置低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性;计算了其平均功率反射系数、方向性系数和功率谱与等离子体边缘密度和主波导相位差等参数的关系。结果表明,与常规波导阵相比,由于多结波导阵天线存在自匹配特性,其天线功率反射系数小,且对相位不敏感。但由于存在多余副瓣,驱动效率较低。     

低杂波多结波导阵天线耦合特性的数值分析

通过数值模拟研究了低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性。采用线型耦合理论,用艾黎函数计算了等离子体阻抗,推导出常规波导阵对等离子体的散射矩阵,并利用它和天线自身的散射矩阵研究了HT-7装置低杂波多结波导阵天线的耦合特性;计算了其平均功率反射系数、方向性系数和功率谱与等离子体边缘密度和主波导相位差等参数的关系。结果表明,与常规波导阵相比,由于多结波导阵天线存在自匹配特性,其天线功率反射系数小,且对相位不敏感。但由于存在多余副瓣,驱动效率较低。     

Quantization of the diagonal resistance: density gradients and the empirical resistance rule in a 2D system

We have observed quantization of the diagonal resistance, R(xx), at the edges of several quantum Hall states. Each quantized R(xx) value is close to the difference between the two adjacent Hall plateaus in the off-diagonal resistance, R(xy). Peaks in R(xx) occur at different positions in positive and negative magnetic fields. Practically all R(xx) features can be explained quantitatively by a 1%/cm electron density gradient. Therefore, R(xx) is determined by R(xy) and unrelated to the diagonal resistivity rho(xx). Our findings throw an unexpected light on the empirical resistivity rule for 2D systems.     

Cohesive acceleration and focusing of relativistic electrons in overdense plasma

We describe our studies of the generation of plasma wake fields by a relativistic electron bunch and of phasing between the longitudinal and transverse fields in the wake. The leading edge of the electron bunch excites a high-amplitude plasma wake inside the overdense plasma column, and the acceleration and focusing wake fields are probed by the bunch tail. By monitoring the dependence of the acceleration upon the plasma's density, we approached the beam-matching condition and achieved an energy gain of 0.6 MeV over the 17 mm plasma length, corresponding to an average acceleration gradient of 35 MeV/m. Wake-induced modulation in energy and angular divergence of the electron bunch are mapped within a wide range of plasma density. We confirm a theoretical prediction about the phase offset between the accelerating and focusing components of plasma wake.     

Quantum computing through electron propagation in edge states of quantum spin Hall systems

We propose to implement quantum computing by the on-demand control of the wave packets propagation in helical edge channels of the quantum spin Hall systems (QSHs). Two non-commutative single-qubit gates are realized by the gate voltages applied on the edge channels. The two-qubit controlled phase gate is implemented by the capacitive Coulomb interaction between two adjacent edge channels from two parallel QSHs. A universal set of quantum gates thus can be realized in an all-electrical way. It is also shown that the fidelity and the purity of the controlled phase gate can reach a high value, with both the time delay and the finite width of the wave packets taken into account.     

Kinetic Instability of Anisotropic Drift Wave Accompanied by Field Aligned Currents in Solar Coronal Loop

Solar coronal loops are frequently accompanied by the field-aligned currents, which drive instabilities if the drift velocity u₀> v_A the Alfvén velocity. For our choice of parameters, the critical threshold value of u₀/v_A is~3.0 for growth and the corresponding current filling factor~10^-3-10^-4. Below this value we are no longer in the kinetic regime. The coronal loops also have short-scale density gradients within each loop. The electron resonance in the presence of density gradient causes the drift mode to grow. We study the effect of these two free energy sources, the electron drift and the density gradient, in the presence of temperature anisotropy T_⊥α > T_||α. These effects simultaneously exist in the coronae. Using gyrokinetic theory, we investigate the influence of these effects, examine how they interplay with each other and study the consequent growth of the magnetosonic wave. We observe that kinetic instability driven by density gradient can be suppressed by field-aligned currents. The temperature anisotropy with chosen signatures causes further stabilizing effect. The results may prove useful to study the heating mechanism of solar coronal loops, acceleration of particles and confinement of particles in the thermonuclear reactors.     

稀薄空气中圆柱腔体内系统电磁脉冲的混合模拟

系统电磁脉冲广泛存在于强电离辐射环境中,且难以有效屏蔽.为了评估稀薄空气对系统电磁脉冲的影响,本文基于粒子-流体混合模拟方法,建立了三维非稳态模型,计算并分析了稀薄空气等离子体的特性以及其与电磁场响应的相互作用.结果表明,压力越高,光电子发射面附近的次级电子数密度越高,轴向分布的梯度越大,腔体中部的电子数密度在20 Torr(1 Torr=133 Pa)下出现峰值,而电子温度随压力升高单调递减.腔体内的稀薄空气等离子体阻碍了空间电荷层的产生,电场响应峰值比真空条件下的低了一个数量级,电场脉冲宽度也显著降低.光电子运动特性决定了电流响应的峰值,压力升高,到达腔体末端的电流先增加再减小.而等离子体电流会抑制总电流的上升速率,并使电流响应出现拖尾.最后,将数值模拟结果与电子束模拟系统电磁脉冲的实验结果进行比较,验证了本文混合模拟模型的可靠性.本研究所采用的混合模拟方法相比于粒子云网格-蒙特卡罗碰撞方法,大幅减小了计算消耗.     

稀薄空气中圆柱腔体内系统电磁脉冲的混合模拟

系统电磁脉冲广泛存在于强电离辐射环境中,且难以有效屏蔽.为了评估稀薄空气对系统电磁脉冲的影响,本文基于粒子-流体混合模拟方法,建立了三维非稳态模型,计算并分析了稀薄空气等离子体的特性以及其与电磁场响应的相互作用.结果表明,压力越高,光电子发射面附近的次级电子数密度越高,轴向分布的梯度越大,腔体中部的电子数密度在20 Torr(1 Torr=133 Pa)下出现峰值,而电子温度随压力升高单调递减.腔体内的稀薄空气等离子体阻碍了空间电荷层的产生,电场响应峰值比真空条件下的低了一个数量级,电场脉冲宽度也显著降低.光电子运动特性决定了电流响应的峰值,压力升高,到达腔体末端的电流先增加再减小.而等离子体电流会抑制总电流的上升速率,并使电流响应出现拖尾.最后,将数值模拟结果与电子束模拟系统电磁脉冲的实验结果进行比较,验证了本文混合模拟模型的可靠性.本研究所采用的混合模拟方法相比于粒子云网格-蒙特卡罗碰撞方法,大幅减小了计算消耗.     

Oxygen vacancy control of electrical,optical, and magnetic properties of Fe0.05Ti0.95O2 epitaxial films

High-quality Fe-doped TiO₂ films are epitaxially grown on MgF₂ substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The x-ray diffraction and Raman spectra prove that they are of pure rutile phase. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further demonstrates that the epitaxial relationship between rutile-phased TiO₂ and MgF₂ substrates is 110 TiO₂₂. The room temperature ferromagnetism is detected by alternative gradient magnetometer. By increasing the ambient oxygen pressure, magnetization shows that it decreases monotonically while absorption edge shows a red shift. The transport property measurement demonstrates a strong correlation between magnetization and carrier concentration. The influence of ambient oxygen pressure on magnetization can be well explained by a modified bound magnetization polarization model.     

Structural,electronic and optical properties of Ca3Bi2: First-principles investigation

In this work by applying first principles calculations structural, electronic and optical properties of Ca₃Bi₂ compound in hexagonal and cubic phases are studied within the framework of the density functional theory using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) approach. According to our study band gap for Ca₃Bi₂ in hexagonal phase are 0.47, 0.96 and 1?eV within the PBE-GGA, EV-GGA and mBJ-GGA, respectively. The corresponding values for cubic phase are 1.24, 2.08 and 2.14?eV, respectively. The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the behavior of the electronic properties such as band gap, valence bandwidths and anti-symmetry gap are investigated. It is found that the hydrostatic pressure increases the band widths of all bands below the Fermi energy while it decreases the band gap and the anti-symmetry gap. In our calculations, the dielectric tensor is derived within the random phase approximation (RPA). The first absorption peak in imaginary part of dielectric function for both phases is located in the energy range 2.0–2.5?eV which are beneficial to practical applications in optoelectronic devices in the visible spectral range. For instance, hexagonal phase of Ca₃Bi₂ with a band gap around 1?eV can be applied for photovoltaic application and cubic phase with a band gap of 2?eV can be used for water splitting application. Moreover, we found the optical spectra of hexagonal phase are anisotropic along E||x and E||z.     

三温与多温电子等离子体的自由膨胀与快离子的产生

本文介绍三温与多温电子等离子体自由膨胀的理论模型。自相似解成功地再现了在激光等离子体自由膨胀中离子速度分布呈现的三峰和多峰结构,这些结构已在激光打靶的实验中频繁地观察到。计算结果表明:快离子谱峰值的数目与构成等离子体的电子分量的数目密切相关;相邻两峰之间坑的深度对相应电子温度的比值非常敏感;坑的位置依赖于相应电子数密度的比值,它们也受其它电子分量耦合的影响。最后还讨论了自相似解的适用范围。 关键词：