磁驱动飞片加载下纯铁的冲击相变和层裂特性

使用磁驱动装置CQ-4发射紫铜飞片对纯铁样品进行一维平面应变加载,采用高精度激光位移干涉仪(DPS)记录飞片和样品的自由面速度历史。结果显示,当纯铁样品在加、卸载过程中有αε相变发生时,样品的层裂强度达到3.4GPa,比已报道的未发生相变的纯铁的层裂强度(1.2~1.9GPa)有明显提高,其原因可能是纯铁材料在经历αε可逆相变时,内部晶格产生了大量的位错。通过分析样品的自由面速度历史,判断出样品发生了自由面浅表层裂现象。在对飞片和样品中的应力波系进行分析时,若只考虑塑性波和相变波在界面的反射稀疏波与飞片传入样品靶中的稀疏波之间的相互作用,将无法解释实验观测到的自由面浅表层裂现象,因此该现象可能与纯铁样品在逆相变过程中产生稀疏冲击波有关。     

FeMnNi合金高压加卸载历程测量和相变层裂分析

 采用VISAR和X光联合测试技术,利用等厚对称和逆向碰撞法测量了FeMnNi合金高压加卸载历程和相变层裂信息。加载过程中,FeMnNi合金样品发生α→ε相转变,相变波速大于塑性波速,在撞击面上相变波与塑性波合并成单一相变波;卸载过程中,FeMnNi合金样品可能发生了逆相变,形成了除合并相变波在自由面反射中心稀疏波R以外的两道卸载波S1和S2。等厚对称高压加载下,FeMnNi合金样品发生了二次层裂。分析中心稀疏波R、卸载波S1和S2在样品中的传播作用过程,发现样品发生冲击相变和卸载逆转变是导致其等厚对称高压加载下发生二次层裂行为的主要原因。     

冲击加载下FeMnNi合金相变和层裂特性实验研究(英文)

采用激光速度干涉仪(VISAR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)联合测试技术,利用等厚对称加载和逆向加载实验,研究了Fe MnNi合金的冲击相变和层裂行为。结果发现:加载压力大于6.5 GPa时,Fe MnNi合金样品发生α→ε相变;中心稀疏波的卸载作用使内压力降至4~5 GPa时,Fe MnNi合金样品发生ε→α逆相变,并伴有卸载稀疏冲击波形成。分析Fe MnNi合金样品中塑性波、相变波、稀疏波和稀疏冲击波的传播作用过程,发现加载压力大于其相变应力时,等厚对称加载下Fe MnNi合金存在产生层裂行为的物理机制。     

脉冲激光引起金属靶板层裂的阈值条件

本文考虑单脉冲激光作用于金属靶引起的应力波单次反射导致层裂的阈值条件,包括激光通量与应力波强度的定标关系、应力波传播时的衰减、入射波与反射波相互作用以及不同层裂判据的比较。本文结果指出,对于一定的激光通量和靶板厚度,只有一定范围内的激光脉宽才能造成层裂,最低激光通量则对应于最佳激光脉宽。本文的方法和结论也适合于飞片撞击造成的层裂现象。     

Fe基α相合金的冲击相变及其对层裂行为的影响研究

利用正向加载和逆向加载相结合的实验方法,实验研究了从低压到高压三种不同压力范围内Fe基α相合金(Fe-85.03wt%,Mn-7.63wt%,Ni-7.01wt%,Al-0.3wt%)的冲击相变和卸载逆相变历程及对应加载状态的层裂行为特征.给出了Fe基α相合金含冲击相变和卸载逆相变的加卸载Hugoniot线,发现冲击相变阈值、逆相变阈值和冲击加载压力共同决定其冲击加卸载历程,冲击相变强烈影响其层裂行为,导致样品发生了"异常"层裂.利用获得的冲击加卸载历程从应力波相互作用的角度解 关键词： α相合金')" href="#">Fe基α相合金 相变 逆相变 层裂     

强激光使铝靶层裂的模拟实验研究

 激光引起的冲击波可能使得靶材料层裂断裂，这个现象取决于光束的功率密度、脉冲持续时间、靶的厚度和靶材料的性能参数。用气炮驱动的平板撞击实验和概念模拟分析了极短持续时间的三角形压缩应力击波在LY-12铝靶中的传播衰减和层裂强度的时间相关性，根据气炮模拟实验结果，估计了厚度小于2 mm的LY-12铝靶产生层裂所需的激光功率密度和能量密度的阈值条件。     

铝锂合金材料损伤演化方程和层裂准则的研究

 通过平板撞击实验对铝锂合金层裂现象进行实验研究。以细观统计和唯象分析相结合的思想,提出了一种新的微孔洞型损伤演化方程,方程同时计及了孔洞长大、成核以及材料可压缩性的耦合效应对损伤演化的影响。在一维应变波模拟程序中嵌入考虑损伤演化影响的铝锂合金本构方程和状态方程,模拟平板撞击过程靶板自由面质点速度时程曲线,并与实验曲线相对比,得到了铝锂合金材料损伤演化方程及其层裂准则的相关参数。     

脉冲激光产生层裂的一维和二维数值计算

 通过简化的物理分析，将脉冲激光加载简化为一定的力学边界条件，考虑了材料内部的损伤演化，采用含损伤的热粘塑性本构模型模拟了铝合金材料的层裂。由于脉冲激光产生的压力脉冲较短，随后的卸载波将使得靶中传播的冲击波压力幅值下降。一维和二维计算得到的层裂片厚度与已有的实验数据符合很好。通过计算，得到了脉冲激光发生层裂时的应变率。     

超短激光诱导金属薄膜后向层裂的分子动力学模拟(英文)

采用结合双温模型的分子动力学方法详尽描述了应力约束区域内部金属薄膜后向层裂的动力学过程。与辐照表面在激光加热作用下机械稳定性受到强烈影响而发生的前向喷射不同,后向层裂是冷材料的断裂。分析了层裂机制,得出靶材是在卸载波及被反射的压力波的共同作用下发生层裂;探讨了激光诱导压力波的传播规律,预测了不同靶厚下的层裂厚度及其对层裂开始时间的影响。     

超短激光诱导金属薄膜后向层裂的分子动力学模拟

 采用结合双温模型的分子动力学方法详尽描述了应力约束区域内部金属薄膜后向层裂的动力学过程。与辐照表面在激光加热作用下机械稳定性受到强烈影响而发生的前向喷射不同，后向层裂是冷材料的断裂。分析了层裂机制，得出靶材是在卸载波及被反射的压力波的共同作用下发生层裂;探讨了激光诱导压力波的传播规律，预测了不同靶厚下的层裂厚度及其对层裂开始时间的影响。     

氧碘化学激光器中相位扰动的模拟研究

 建立了含相位扰动的1维流场3维物理光学负载光腔模型。选用折叠非稳腔，模拟计算了斜激波中心距光轴不同距离时以及不同强度的斜激波对腔内光场相位分布和输出功率的影响。研究表明激光输出光束质量与腔内激波的分布位置和激波的强度有密切关系，应该避免激波中心近光轴时的强扰动效应引起的光束质量退变。实验装置的计算结果再现了实验现象。     

Quantum shock waves and domain walls in the real-time dynamics of a superfluid unitary Fermi gas

We show that in the collision of two superfluid fermionic atomic clouds one observes the formation of quantum shock waves as discontinuities in the number density and collective flow velocity. Domain walls, which are topological excitations of the superfluid order parameter, are also generated and exhibit abrupt phase changes by π and slower motion than the shock waves. The domain walls are distinct from the gray soliton train or number density ripples formed in the wake of the shock waves and observed in the collisions of superfluid bosonic atomic clouds. Domain walls with opposite phase jumps appear to collide elastically.     

Effects of an absorptive coating on the dynamics of underwater laser-induced shock process

The effects of an absorptive coating on the dynamics of underwater laser-induced shock process have been observed from the end of laser pulse to hundreds of microseconds after irradiation by time-resolved imaging techniques. A laser pulse of 13 ns at 1,064 nm was focused by a 40-mm focal length lens onto the surface of epoxy-resin blocks immersed in water to induce the shock process in the confining regime. A custom-designed time-resolved photoelasticity imaging technique and a high-speed laser stroboscopic videography technique in photoelasticity mode were used to analyze the evolution of shock waves in the water phase, the strength of stress waves in the solid phase, the oscillation of cavitation bubbles, and the generation of bubble-collapse-induced shock waves. We showed that black paint coating enhances the strength of laser-induced stress wave inside the solid, drives faster shock waves traveling in the water phase, and produces higher-energy cavitation bubbles. We propose that even at power densities of 1 GW/cm² and above, an absorptive coating can intensify the shock process by enhancing the absorption of laser energy by plasma.     

The influence of a phase transition on the shock wave dynamics in nuclear matter

The propagation of shock waves in nuclear matter undergoing a phase transition is considered in the framework of hydrodynamical approach. It is shown that as a result of phase transition the splitting of the shock wave in two waves occurs in a certain region of energy of the colliding nuclei. Such a splitting may be manifested in energy and angular distributions of the reaction products.     

Overturning of nonlinear Alfvén waves in a collisionless plasma

An analysis is made of the overturning of nonlinear Alfvén waves in a collisionless plasma. It is shown that overturning is followed by the appearance of a region which broadens with time and consists of two collisionless shock waves which can be joined at the point s²=1. If only one Riemann invariant changes in the region of the collisionless shock waves, the waves are simple. The structures of the collisionless shock waves are constructed for different initial conditions of the nonlinear wave. The Whitham averaging method is used for this purpose. Conditions are obtained which are similar to the Rankine-Hugoniot adiabats for passage through the collisionless shock waves. The effect of overturning one of the collisionless shock waves, involving the zeroing of the density at the soliton peak on its trailing edge, is treated as a bifurcation for which a discontinuity occurs in an analog of the hydrodynamic velocity and phase of the nonlinear Alfvén wave. The width of one of the collisionless shock waves decreases with an increase in the parametera which determines the magnitude of the field discontinuity when overturning occurs.L. N. Tolstoi State University, Checheno-Ingushk. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 62–67, January, 1993.     

Measurement of shock waves using phase shifting pulsed holographic interferometer

A phase shifting pulsed holographic interferometer was applied to the experimental study of the propagation of laser-induced shock waves over metal plates. A double-pulsed ruby laser was used to generate the shock waves and to make a holographic interferogram of the wave fields. The phase shifting method with a dual-reference beam solved the sign ambiguity problem in holographic fringe patterns and allowed a quantitative evaluation of the phase of the interference patterns. The transient surface profile and propagation behavior of the shock wave over plates were investigated from the holographic fringe patterns.     

冲击波温度和压力对二氧化钛相变的影响

 介绍了一种简便易行的降低疏松固体物质冲击波温度的方法，其要点是用液体石蜡充填样品的空隙。以用粉末锐钛矿压装成型的样品为例，对比了不充填和充填液态石蜡时冲击波作用的结果。在同样的冲击加载条件下（均为钢飞片，撞击速度为3.16 km/s），估算两种样品中达到的压力分别为36.3 GPa和46.8 GPa，平均温度分别约为4.7×10³ ℃和2.0×10³ ℃，即：充填液态石蜡的样品中压力增加了约10 GPa，但平均温度降低了近3×10³ ℃。对冲击后回收样品的分析结果表明，不充填石蜡样品的主要产物为金红石，即冲击波产生的高温起了主要作用。而充填液态石蜡时，主要生成β-TiO₂高压相，即高压起了主要作用。     

Spiral Solutions of the Two-Dimensional Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation

The multi-order exact solutions of the two-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation are obtained by making use of the wave-packet theory. In these solutions, the zeroth-order exact solution is a plane wave, the first-order exact solutions are shock waves for the amplitude and spiral waves both between the amplitude and the shift of phase and between the shift of phase and the distance.     

Experimental study of the formation of nonlinear acoustic waves in focused beams

The shock wave formation in focused beams produced by spherical hydroacoustic transducers with different apertures and an operating frequency of 3 MHz, as well as in weakly divergent high-intensity beams of the same frequency, is studied experimentally. The profiles of the received signals are analyzed for different receiving points in the acoustic beam and for different combinations of nonlinear and diffraction effects. It is found that the distortion of the initial waveform (i.e., of the compression and rarefaction phases) is asymmetric. The asymmetry of the wave profile in a focused beam is more pronounced than that in a quasi-plane wave while the asymmetric distortion of the high-frequency carrier causes an asymmetric distortion of the pulse envelope. The angular characteristics of the difference-frequency waves produced by parametric sound radiators are compared using both focused and weakly divergent beams of pump waves. The experiments also show that the appearance of a bubbly phase screen in the region before the point of the shock formation either shifts this point to greater distances or makes the discontinuity formation impossible. Results illustrating the changes that occur in the shock wave characteristics when the bubbly phase screen is placed in the region of the fully developed shock are presented.     

Ionisation of metastable 3P-state hydrogen atom by electron with exchange effects

Propagation of nonlinear shock waves for the generalised Oskolkov equation and dynamic motions of the perturbed Oskolkov equation are investigated. Employing the unified method, a collection of exact shock wave solutions for the generalised Oskolkov equations is presented. Collocation finite element method is applied to the generalised Oskolkov equation for checking the accuracy of the proposed method by two test problems including the motion of shock wave and evolution of waves with Gaussian and undular bore initial conditions. Considering an external periodic perturbation, the dynamic motions of the perturbed generalised Oskolkov equation are studied depending on the system parameters with the help of phase portrait and time series plot. The perturbed generalised Oskolkov equation exhibits period-3, quasiperiodic and chaotic motions for some special values of the system parameters, whereas the generalised Oskolkov equation presents shock waves in the absence of external periodic perturbation.