多相燃烧分形模型及其实验研究

本文提出了多相燃烧的分形模型．模型中认为在多相燃烧中内部孔洞体积与表面积存在分维指数关系，而且反应面积的增长为两种分形增长模式的叠加．结合孔洞合并的因素得到了描述煤多相反应速率的分形模型．该模型描述的反应速率先增加后减少的规律与实验结果十分相符．对五个煤种和其中两个煤焦样品进行了试验研究，在两个不同升温速率下得出的试验数据与理论计算相符．     

煤在燃烧过程中表面灰层内气体扩散传质特性的研究

煤在燃烧过程中表面灰层内气体扩散传质特性的研究严建华，倪明江，张宏焘，岑可法（浙江大学能源工程系杭州３１００２７）关键词：灰层扩散，煤燃烧，孔隙率一、引言就流化床燃烧锅炉通常燃用的较大粒度的煤而言，其焦碳的燃尽时间占了煤粒燃尽所需时间的绝大部分，粗略...     

煤粉热分解的反应动力学研究

煤的热分解过程是煤的燃烧、气化、液化等转换过程的初级阶段,对后继过程有极其重要的影响。研究煤的热分解机理,确定反应机理方程和动力学参数,对于建立热分解模型,判断不同煤种的反应能力,正确描述热分解和燃烧的化学反应过程,进而完成整个复杂的燃烧及气化过程的数学模化,有着重要的作用。     

燃煤飞灰循环流化床燃烧数学模型

一、引言 建立流化床燃烧模型,正确地预测其运行性能,对认识流化床燃烧过程中各种参数的综合影响以及优化流化床燃烧装置的设计是很有意义的。因此,此项工作引起了国内外研究者的重视,二十多年来,从极其简单的单粒度模型发展为宽筛分多相流模型。但是,随着流化床燃烧技术的发展,人们在普通鼓泡流化床上添加飞灰循环回燃装置以提高     

煤燃烧过程中一次破碎的影响因素分析

本文从理论上分析了煤燃烧过程中的一次破碎过程,同时考虑热应力和内部压力积聚的作用,建立了简化的一次破碎模型,通过此模型分析了煤颗粒的粒径、炉膛温度、炉膛对煤颗粒的传热系数、煤颗粒的热扩散系数、煤颗粒脱挥发分的化学动力学参数、煤中对流孔直径、煤的孔隙率、挥发分的粘性系数以及挥发分含量这9个参数对燃烧过程中煤颗粒一次破碎的影响,分析所得结果与近年来报道的实验结论基本保持一致。     

NH_3多相氧化的实验研究

1引言煤燃烧过程中特别是流化床中为了减少SOZ的排放，一般采用向炉内加入石灰石等添加物的方法。这些添加物质的存在，使挥发分含氮物质的氧化机理异于纯单相氧化。因此研究钙基脱硫剂（CaCO。）及其生成物（CaSO。、煤灰）对NH。和HCN的多相氧化有助于了解实际锅炉煤燃烧过程中脱硫对氮氧化物生成的影响。Lin［‘］研究了石灰石和CaSO。对NH。氧化的影响。发现石灰石对NH。氧化生成NO具有相当大的催化作用，可使NH3MNO的转化率达65％，而C3SO4存在和空管时NH3氧化结果一致，表明CaSO。对NHa无氧化作用。IisJ‘」在研究Ca…     

半焦燃烧特性的热重试验研究

针对目前提倡的煤部分气化燃烧系统集成优化联合生产煤气和热能的新概念,在不同温度下制得四种煤的半焦,通过热天平燃烧试验研究了半焦的燃烧特性,考察了煤种和制备温度对半焦燃烧特性的影响.试验结果表明:煤种不同,所制得半焦燃烧特性不同;相同煤种制得半焦,随制备温度升高,半焦着火温度上升,燃烧活化能增加,燃烧反应活性降低.     

O2/CO2燃烧方式下Na元素对煤焦物化结构的影响

将低钠煤（H-煤）和高钠煤（Na-煤）分别在沉降炉中进行制焦实验,研究了钠对焦样的孔隙结构、碳微晶结构以及反应性的影响。研究表明,煤中钠含量增加后,在N₂气氛下,非灰基质失重率V^*会下降;而在CO₂气氛下,V^*却会升高。煤焦的碳化学有序度IG/I_All与V^*具有关联性,在有Na的催化时,其与反应性的关联性被破坏。焦的反应性主要由焦的孔隙结构和焦中Na的含量来确定,在动力控制区,Na的催化作用是引起焦反应性发生改变的主要因素。     

煤粉与煤焦燃烧时颗粒物的生成特性研究

在实验室沉降炉中进行煤粉热解制焦、煤焦燃烧及煤粉燃烧实验,研究了煤焦燃烧过程对颗粒物生成的影响.研究发现,煤焦燃烧生成的PM1和PM10浓度均低于煤粉燃烧时,说明热解制焦过程对PM1和PM10生成的影响很大;随着温度由1073 K升至1573 K,煤焦燃烧生成PM1浓度与煤粉燃烧生成PM1浓度之比减小,而PM1-10之...     

液滴变形-袋式-多模式破碎转换研究

液滴破碎是影响内燃机燃烧的核心因素,其直接决定喷雾特性、蒸发速率以及混合气形成。为了揭示宽参数空间下液滴破碎模式之间的转换机理,本文采用简化耦合的多相流模型S-CLSVOF以及自适应网格加密技术对液滴在气流中的破碎过程进行了数值模拟研究。同时进一步将模拟结果与基于Rayleigh-Taylor失稳机理的理论模型进行比较并对其参数进行了修正。结合理论分析和数值模拟探讨了液滴破碎模式之间的转换。     

Characterization of Synthetic-Coal Char Particles using fractal dimension analysis

The development and change of surface ruggedness in chars was studied at conditions typical in a pulverized coal furnace. The fractal dimension, a measure of surface ruggedness, of chars was measured using physisorption techniques. By adjusting the temperature encountered (1173 to 1773 K) and residence time (0.1 to 1.5 s) of the synthetic coal (sized to 46–106 μm diameter), chars at different stages of combustion were prepared in a laminar flow (drop-tube) furnace. The particles were quickly cooled and quenched in an inert atmosphere. The samples were examined using a scanning electron microprobe, and their fractal dimensions were determined using gas physisorption. The adsorption data were used to test if the char surface was fractal on a molecular scale, to determine the fractal dimension, and to quantify changes in the fractal dimension during combustion. The fractal dimension of the unburned synthetic coal was approximately 2. The fractal dimension increased as high as 2.85 as the carbon matrix burned away and exposed mineral moieties. However, as combustion continued the carbon burned completely away leaving a mineral fly ash particle with a fractal dimension as low as 2.47.     

燃烧过程中煤焦颗粒的逾渗特性变化

本论文根据分形理论及测定得到的准格尔褐煤在燃烧过程中颗粒的物性参数建立表征煤焦颗粒的分形体模型。 通过分形体上突入逾渗和普通逾渗模拟,研究在燃烧过程中由于颗粒内部分形体结构的改变造成的传输特性和反应特性 的变化情况。结果表明,建立的分形体模型能够很好的表征煤焦颗粒结构特征,逾渗模拟的结果与实际情况基本相符。     

Laplacian growth and diffusion limited aggregation: different universality classes

It had been conjectured that diffusion limited aggregates and Laplacian growth patterns (with small surface tension) are in the same universality class. Using iterated conformal maps we construct a one-parameter family of fractal growth patterns with a continuously varying fractal dimension. This family can be used to bound the dimension of Laplacian growth patterns from below. The bound value is higher than the dimension of diffusion limited aggregates, showing that the two problems belong to two different universality classes.     

FRACTAL PATTERN GROWTH OF METAL ATOM CLUSTERS IN ION IMPLANTED POLYMERS

The fractal and multi-fractal patterns of metal atoms are observed in the surface layer and cross section of a metal ion implanted polymer using TEM and SEM for the first time. The surface structure in the metal ion implanted polyethylene terephthalane (PET) is the random fractal. Certain average quantities of the random geometric patterns contain self-similarity. Some growth origins appeared in the fractal pattern which has a dimension of 1.67. The network structure of the fractal patterns is formed in cross section, having a fractal dimension of 1.87. So it can be seen that the fractal pattern is three-dimensional space fractal. We also find the collision cascade fractal in the cross section of implanted nylon, which is similar to the collision cascade pattern in transverse view calculated by the TRIM computer program. Finally, the mechanism for the formation and growth of the fractal patterns during ion implantation is discussed.     

煤燃烧过程中铜对多环芳烃生成的影响

研究了两种燃烧方式煤燃烧过程中金属铜的添加对多环芳烃生成的影响。结果表明:随着铜煤质量比的增加,管式炉煤燃烧多环芳烃生成浓度是减少的;流化床煤燃烧多环芳烃生成浓度是增加的,但要小于管式炉条件下两个数量级。多环芳烃生成毒性分布类似于多环芳烃生成浓度分布。而单个多环芳烃生成有着较大区别,同燃烧方式、存在状态、铜的含量等有较大关系。在燃烧温度下,铜的添加主要对高环物质的催化作用较为明显。     

湍流预混火焰的时间和空间分形特性研究

1引言湍流燃烧过程是一个强烈的非线性动力学过程，用于描述湍流燃烧的诸多特性参数表现出随机脉动的特点，对于传统参量的分析处理也只能停留在时均平均加脉动项的概率统计上，不论从时间、还是空间角度都显粗糙。Damkohler[1]早在1942年提出了火焰结构与湍流燃烧速度的内在联系，引导人们将注意力转向火焰形状结构的研究上。图像计算机技术的兴起为实时获得湍流火焰结构参数创造了条件。Boyer[2]在研究高强度湍流燃烧时发现，由于脉动造成的复杂火焰表面已不能用传统的Euclidean几何加以描述。分形理论不仅可以用细微尺度规划几何结构，…     

Dimension of fractal growth patterns as a dynamical exponent

We consider a conformal theory of fractal growth patterns in two dimensions, including diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) as a particular case. In this theory the fractal dimension of the asymptotic cluster manifests itself as a dynamical exponent observable already at very early growth stages. Using a renormalization relation we show from early stage dynamics that the dimension D of DLA can be estimated, 1.69相似文献   

煤中氯对多环芳烃生成的影响研究

本文在管式炉上研究了煤中氯对多环芳烃生成的影响,测定了煤中氯含量不同时多环芳烃生成量的变化,并分析了在不同气氛下不同含氯量的煤燃烧时多环芳烃与二(?)英生成的相互关系.实验结果表明,在空气中燃烧及氮气气氛热解条件下,随着氯含量的增加,多环芳烃呈减少趋势;氯代反应是导致多环芳烃生成量减少的一个主要原因.     

Studies of fractal growth patterns in poly (ethylene oxide) and chitosan membranes

Polymer electrolyte membranes containing various weight percent of salt have been prepared in the authors’ laboratory for the study of their potential applications in solid state electrochemical devices; however, the polymer electrolyte membranes were found to become sort of media for fractal growth, months after they were prepared. Fractal growth patterns in polymer membranes of poly (ethylene oxide) and chitosan membranes have been analyzed, and their fractal dimensions were determined. A diffusion-limited aggregate model which is based on the Brownian motion theory is applied to simulate the experimentally obtained fractal patterns. The approach was extended by performing computer simulations with computing resources available. The fractal dimension values of the simulated and the experimentally obtained original fractal patterns were marginally close. This indicates that the simulation work has successfully produced fractal patterns that are in fairly acceptable conformity with the fractal patterns observed in the polymer membranes.