煤燃烧过程中铜对多环芳烃生成的影响

研究了两种燃烧方式煤燃烧过程中金属铜的添加对多环芳烃生成的影响。结果表明:随着铜煤质量比的增加,管式炉煤燃烧多环芳烃生成浓度是减少的;流化床煤燃烧多环芳烃生成浓度是增加的,但要小于管式炉条件下两个数量级。多环芳烃生成毒性分布类似于多环芳烃生成浓度分布。而单个多环芳烃生成有着较大区别,同燃烧方式、存在状态、铜的含量等有较大关系。在燃烧温度下,铜的添加主要对高环物质的催化作用较为明显。     

柴油机加氢降低多环芳烃的数值研究

为实现柴油机节能减排目标,结合燃料热解方法向柴油机中加入微量氢气是一种新思路.本文以数值研究方法,基于简化的包含多环芳烃生成的正庚烷氧化反应机理,通过三维CFD模拟方法研究了不同微量氢气添加量下柴油机燃烧室内的温度、压力曲线,以及典型多环芳烃生成曲线.计算研究结果表明,加入适当的微量氢气明显改善了柴油机燃烧室内的燃烧特性,并且可以使多环芳烃排放水平在一定数量级程度上得到减少.     

直喷式柴油机燃烧过程及碳烟生成的初步计算

依据已简化的包含多环芳烃生成的正庚烷气相详细化学反应机理,基于专业流体解析软件FLUENT6.3对直喷式柴油机压缩、膨胀冲程内的自燃和燃烧过程进行了动态模拟,得到了缸内平均温度、主要反应物以及中间产物多环芳烃生成量随转角变化的特性曲线.在数值上,计算得到以苯环质量为主的多环芳烃总生成量水平比试验测量结果约高出1~2个量级,但是在随转角变化的特性上,计算与试验测量曲线定性趋势一致.针对特定转角时刻主要火焰结构参数的截面分布,分析研究了柴油机缸内化学反应特性与流体流动相互作用下的空间分布特征.通过耦合详细碳烟粒子动力学模型,对碳烟表象尺寸进行了初步模拟.     

褐煤O2/CO2燃烧时可吸入颗粒物中碱性金属分布特性

通过沉降炉燃烧实验,研究了褐煤O2/CO2燃烧时可吸入颗粒物的生成和碱性金属元素在颗粒物中的分布特性.结果表明,燃烧气氛由O2/N2燃烧转变为O2/CO2燃烧时,亚微米颗粒物的生成量减少,但超细颗粒量增加.气氛对碱性金属元素分布的影响主要体现在亚微米颗粒范围内.与O2/N2燃烧相比,相同氧浓度下O2/CO2燃烧时所生成亚微米颗粒物中碱性金属向小粒径颗粒中富集.O2/CO2气氛下,低氧浓度燃烧时碱性金属元素对亚微米颗粒物的生成贡献大,而增加氧浓度其在亚微米颗粒物中质量份额则减小.     

添加高岭土对准东煤燃烧PM_1生成影响的研究

准东煤在中国能源利用中具有重要地位,由于特性独特,对准东煤燃烧颗粒物的生成特性和相应控制方法的研究十分必要。本文在沉降炉中研究了1000~1300℃下准东煤高岭土添加对PM_1(空气动力学直径小于1μm的颗粒物)生成的影响。实验结果表明,随着温度的升高,准东煤PM_1的生成量先急剧减少后略微增加,并向小粒径偏移。高岭土的添加对PM_1的作用在不同温度下差异明显,1000℃时高岭土添加大幅降低了PM_1的生成量;1100℃时,PM_1的生成量较原煤有一定的降低;1300℃时反而略微增加了PM_1的生成。     

燃煤过程中多环芳烃污染物生成排放的影响因子研究

区分出影响燃煤过程中多环芳烃有机污染物生成排放的外因条件和内在因素。外因条件包括：锅炉燃烧温度及排烟温度;内在因素包括：炉前煤显微煤岩组成、挥发份及发热量。研究结果为煤燃烧有机污染控制提供了重要的基础信息和理论依据。     

原生垃圾和煤混烧时多环芳烃和二(噁)英的生成关联

为了评价多环芳烃作为二(口恶)英前驱物经由前驱物途径生成二(口恶)英反应途径的可能性,并找出能作为二(口恶)英在线监测的可能指示物,本文在小型管式炉上进行了原生垃圾和煤混合燃烧试验。结果表明,随着硫氯摩尔比的增加,生成的多环芳烃总量呈下降趋势,和二(口恶)英总量变化的趋势相同,多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)的总量和多环芳烃总量的变化趋势比较相似,存在着一定的关联性。其中苯并[a]蒽(BaA)和PCDFs的关联性非常大,苯并[a]蒽有可能作为PCDF监测的可靠的指示物之一。     

煤中吡啶型氮氧化规律实验研究

本文选择单一结构的模型化合物吡啶进行氧化实验研究,来模拟煤燃烧过程中的NOx生成机理。实验发现:N2O的浓度在650—850℃范围维持最高水平,这一点与煤燃烧实验结果非常一致;温度高于850℃时, N2O显著向NO、NO2转化;氧气与毗啶的摩尔比a是决定NOx生成量的重要因素,a大于6.0开始,随着氧气量的增加,NOx的生成量急剧增加;高浓度一氧化碳造成的还原气氛中,NOx生成受到很大程度上的抑制。     

悬浮态煅烧氧化铝熟料的试验研究

本文在一维煤粉试验炉内对高铝煤进行了直接悬浮态煅烧氧化铝熟料的试验研究,研究了不同炉温对熟料生成的影响,并对在不同温度下煅烧得到氧化铝熟料进行XRD分析。试验结果表明:在悬浮态下燃烧,燃烧温度高于1100℃以上时,完全可以生成氧化铝熟料,粉煤灰中氧化铝熟料生成量在1200℃最多。     

垃圾焚烧炉氯源对氯化氢和二噁英排放的影响

本文研究了150 t/d垃圾与煤混烧流化床锅炉在不同含氯水平和添加钙基脱硫时氯化氢和二噁英的排放特性。实验结果表明烟气中的氯化氢和二噁英浓度随燃料中垃圾比例的增加而上升,在含氯量一定的情况下,炉内燃烧状况决定了二噁英的生成量,烟气中的二噁英随燃料中含氯量的增加而增加,飞灰中的二噁英则随燃烧状况的改善而增加。钙基的加入可以有效降低氯化氢和二噁英的排放。在我国目前的垃圾组分条件下,全煤工况和垃圾与煤混烧工况的二噁英排放量很低。     

Simultaneous imaging of Mie scattering,PAHs laser induced fluorescence and soot laser induced incandescence to a lab-scale turbulent jet pulverized coal flame

In this study, transient soot formation processes in a small-scale jet burner (CRIEPI burner) were investigated by simultaneous measurements of coal particles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot. Pairs of simultaneous measurements of “Mie scattering measurement for coal particles with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) for PAHs” and “LIF for PAHs with laser induced incandescence (LII) for soot” were performed to understand the transitive formation processes of soot formation in pulverized coal flame, whose signals were successfully separated. Findings in the present study are as follows. Coal particles, PAHs and soot were distributed in this order in radial direction from the central axis. Existing regions of coal particles, PAHs and soot were overlapped from the time averaged viewpoint while there were few overlapping areas of coal particles, PAHs and soot from the instantaneous viewpoint. This result indicates that a long time is required for the formation of soot from 2 to 3 rings PAHs through larger PAHs.     

Modelling potassium release and the effect of potassium chloride on deposition mechanisms for coal and biomass-fired boilers

A model, predicting the release of potassium compounds and its effect on the deposition of superheaters, has been recently developed. The model has been implemented into the three-dimensional CFD program AIOLOS. Concerning the release of potassium compound, the vaporization of the potassium and its reactions in the gas phase are considered. The influence of turbulence on chemistry is considered by using the eddy dissipation concept. Two simulations, one for a coal with high content of chlorine and the other for a coal with low content of chlorine were performed on a small-scale entrained flow reactor. The modelling results are discussed and compared with measurements. Furthermore, the effect of the released potassium chloride on the deposition mechanisms has also been considered. In order to predict the deposition rate, two major deposition mechanisms i.e. condensation and inertial impaction are considered in the model. The sticking probability is modelled based on the melting behaviour of the species involved in the deposition process. Deposit formation in a 0.5 MW semi-industrial pulverized-fuel combustion test facility is predicted considering different operating conditions. Deposition rates on the deposition probe from two kinds of biomass are compared and discussed.     

旋流对煤粉燃烧NO排放影响的数值模拟

本文用基于HCN释放的简化Solomon模型的NO生成湍流反应的统一二阶矩代数模型(AUSM)和煤粉燃烧的双流体模型,对不同旋流数下煤粉燃烧器内两相流动,煤粉燃烧和NO生成进行了数值模拟。模拟结果和文献中实验结果符合很好。模拟结果指出,随着旋流数的增加,NO的排放先减少后增加,燃尽率先增加后减小,和气体燃烧中得到的规律类似。     

Influence of combustion temperature and coal types on alumina crystal phase formation of high-alumina coal ash

The alumina content (more than 40%) of high-alumina coal ash is comparative to the middle content bauxite ores in China. So far, in order to meet the high demand of alumina and the rise of circular economy industrial chain, extracting alumina from coal ash has become a way to comprehensively utilize high-alumina coal ash. However, this process has high requirements on the crystal phase and stability of alumina. Different from most studies, this paper focuses on how to produce coal ash more beneficial to the later refining of aluminum. Therefore, the effects of combustion temperature and coal types by classifying high-alumina coal into dull coal and bright coal on alumina crystal phase formation were studied. Through proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, calorific value analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and other methods, it is found that γ-Al₂O₃ in high-alumina coal ash translated into more stable θ-Al₂O₃ and finally α-Al₂O₃ when combustion temperature is higher than 1000°C. Thus compared with pulverized coal boilers, circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers with lower combustion temperature can produce higher quality coal ash. Moreover, at the same combustion temperature, alumina crystal phase in dull coal ash is relatively less stable than that in bright coal ash, which is more suitable to the later refining and electrolysis of aluminum.     

混煤氮的热解析出特性及燃料NO_x的形成规律

混煤氮的热解析出特性及燃料ＮＯ_ｘ的形成规律邱建荣，马毓义，曾汉才，吕焕尧，喻秋梅（华中理工大学煤燃烧国家重点实验室武汉４３００７４）关键词：混煤，ＮＯ_ｘ，混合比，燃烧。ＥＭＩＳＳＩＯＮＯＦＮＩＴＲＯＧＥＮＣＯＭＰＯＵＮＤＳＡＮＤＮＯ_ｘＦＯＲＭＡＴ?..     

An improved model of fine particulate matter formation coupling the mechanism of mineral coalescence and char fragmentation during pulverized coal combustion

An improved model of fine particulate matter formation coupling the mechanism of mineral coalescence and char fragmentation under different pulverized coal combustion environments has been constructed. Firstly, based on the theoretical model of char fragmentation and percolation, the included minerals with different types and particle sizes are constructed in the model, and a three-dimensional char particle sub-model is established. And the type, content and particle size distribution of included minerals are introduced as input parameters by using computer controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) technology. All of the above makes it more in line with the actual distribution of the included minerals. Then a sub-model of char fragmentation is built based on the sub-model of the char particle. And considering the influence of char combustion reaction on the particle formation process and melting characteristics of included minerals, a sub-model of mineral melting coalescence under different combustion environments is established. Finally, based on this improved model, we compared the calculation results with the experimental data and the calculation results of the traditional model. Fully considering the process of mineral coalescence and char fragmentation, which contains the characteristics of different included minerals, the results show that the newly established model has a good fitting effect for the experiment and is closer to the actual process of char particle combustion to generate particles. By the new model, the influence of the factors (mineral content, particle size distribution and porosity) on the formation of particulate matter is preliminarily analyzed.     

Ash formation and deposition during combustion of pulverized torrefied wood and coal in a 100 kW downflow combustor

Torrefied wood originating from beetle-killed trees is an abundant biomass fuel that can be co-fired with coal for power generation. In this work, pulverized torrefied wood, a bituminous coal (Sufco coal) and their blended fuel with a mixing ratio of 50/50 wt.%, are burned in a 100-kW rated laboratory combustor under similar conditions. Ash aerosols in the flue gas and ash deposits on a temperature-controlled surface are sampled during combustion of the three fuels. Results show that ash formation and deposition for wood combustion are notably different from those for coal combustion, revealing different mechanisms. Compared to the coal, the low-ash torrefied wood produces low concentrations of fly ash in the flue gas but significantly increased yields (per input ash) of ash that has been vaporized. All the mineral elements including the semi- or non-volatile metals in the wood are found to be more readily partitioned into the PM₁₀ ash than those in the coal. The inside layer deposits sticking to the surface and the loosely bound outside deposits exposed to the gas both show a linear growth in weight during torrefied wood test. Unlike coal combustion, in which the concentration of (vaporized) ash PM₁ controls the inside deposition rate, wood combustion shows that the formation of porous bulky deposits by the condensed residual ash dominates the inside deposition process. Co-firing removes these differences between the wood and coal, making the blended fuel to have more similar fly ash characteristics and ash deposition behavior to those of the bituminous coal. In addition, results also show some beneficial effects of co-firing coal with torrefied wood, including reduction of the total deposition rate and the minimization of corrosive alkali species produced by wood.