不均匀场下空间编码超快速高分辨NMR研究进展

二维核磁共振(2D NMR)的提出和发展,为NMR技术的研究和应用提供了广阔的空间. 然而当样品或磁场本身不均匀时,高分辨的2D NMR谱难以获得. 此外,常规2D NMR实验通常需要长的采样时间. 空间编码超快速采样方法利用空间编码技术,只需单次扫描即可获得2D甚至多维NMR谱,极大地缩短了采样时间. 目前相位补偿、相干转移和分子间多量子相干等技术与空间编码技术相结合,已成功实现不均匀场下超快速获得高分辨NMR谱. 该文对不均匀场下空间编码超快速NMR方法进行了介绍,对其未来发展进行了展望.     

不均匀场下基于分子间双量子相干核磁共振技术的果肉检测

核磁共振（NMR）谱图可在不破坏生物样品的状态下提供组织成分组成及其含量的信息,已被广泛应用于生物、医学和食品检测等领域.NMR谱图分辨率越高,提供的与组织成分相关的信息越丰富、越准确,也越有利于未知成分的定性和定量分析.传统的高分辨NMR谱图通常要在均匀磁场下采集.但在实际应用中,均匀的磁场较难获得.这就使得我们采集的NMR谱图的分辨率,以及由此获得的生物组织成分组成和含量等信息的准确性受到影响.源于远程偶极相互作用的分子间双量子相干（iDQC）技术对磁场均匀度不敏感,可在不均匀场下获得高分辨率NMR谱图.本文采用基于iDQC技术的IDEAL-Ⅱ序列对甲基丙烯酸丁酯、蕃茄和西瓜三种样品进行了NMR实验,结果证明基于iDQC技术在不均匀场下获得水果的高分辨NMR谱图是可行的,这对食品科学以及食品检测具有积极的意义.     

不均匀磁场中的静磁波传播和导波光衍射理论

理论研究了不均匀静磁场对静磁体波传播和导波光布拉格衍射特性的影响。计算表明,在场强不均匀磁场中,静磁体波的振幅有所增加,从而可以明显提高导波光的布拉各衍射效率。此外,有望通过不均匀静磁场来控制衍射光的发散。     

永磁体外部磁场的不均匀性研究

从永磁体的分子电流观点、退磁场、工艺等出发, 以矩形永磁体为例, 从理论上分析了影响永磁体外部磁场不均匀性的各种因素.研究结果表明, 永磁体外部磁场宏观不均匀性(好场区均匀度和面积相对大小) 和空间距离及永磁体的外形设计密切相关. 退磁场对永磁体外部磁场微观不均匀性有着复杂影响. 永磁体工艺如粉末颗粒、取向度、烧结凝固、机械加工等将影响永磁体外部磁场的不均匀性, 如磁化偏角、对称性、光滑性等. 关键词： 永磁体 外部磁场 不均匀性 退磁场     

高性能核磁共振弛豫分析仪匀场系统的设计与实现

磁场的高均匀性是高性能核磁共振弛豫分析仪实现短弛豫时间样品和微弱信号核磁共振（NMR）检测的基本保障.该文以0.45 T双极型永磁体作为设计核心部件,在大范围磁体空间-25.4 mm球空间（DSV）内,基于目标场法设计了X、Y、Z、XY、XZ、YZ、Z²共7组有源匀场线圈,根据线圈供电要求,设计了可编程恒流电源,搭建了可用于高性能核磁共振弛豫分析仪磁体的有源匀场系统,介绍了系统的基本结构、设计过程及匀场方法.实验测试结果验证了大范围磁体空间内该匀场系统的实用性.     

低场脉冲NMR中静磁场不均匀性的射频场补偿

在低场脉冲核磁共振实验中为了增大射频激励的带宽,通常采用的方法是提高射频激励磁场的场强. 针对共振区域中静磁场的不均匀性,本文提出了根据共振区域中的静磁场分布设计射频线圈以提高射频激励带宽,并用目标场方法实现了这一构想.      

三能级体系的Z回波核磁共振粉末谱

本文提出一个Z回波核磁共振(NMR)脉冲序列,可以获得三能级体系的纯偶极或纯四极谱。Z回波NMR谱不仅与化学位移各向异性无关,而且在强射频场条件下,与射频场非均匀性无关。该方法明显优于章动NMR技术。以上结论经过理论分析和实验结果的验证。 关键词：     

用于长城等古建筑探测的NMR探测器的磁体设计

以万里长城为代表的古建筑是世界瑰宝,更是中华民族的象征和骄傲.本文提出利用便携式核磁共振（NMR）装置来探测研究这类古建筑的建筑材料,在不对其造成损伤的基础上,发掘其隐含的科学、技术和工程相关的丰富信息.为此,作为第一步,设计了适合于探测这类古建筑的便携式单边NMR探测器组合式磁体.该探测器的磁体结构以semi-Halbach为基础,通过不同磁体模块间的组合得到对应移动探测模式、长距离探测模式和均匀磁场探测模式的磁体结构.随后根据优化结果,设计加工了磁体组件,并采用该磁体进行了流体、长城城砖和现代红砖的NMR实验,实测结果与模拟一致.该组合式磁体的优点在于通过不同磁体模块组合,实现了多种探测方式,适用于探测长城等这类古建筑物需要多种探测模式的科学研究.     

用于超导实验的背场磁体研制

在进行超导材料特性、交流损耗测量等超导实验时,需要为实验提供大小可变、均匀性好的背景磁场。文中对自行研制的背场磁体进行了测试研究,发现选择性对组合铜线圈供电能够提供合适的磁场,满足实验的要求。     

问题解答

问:反磁体是否是抗磁体?或者是磁绝缘体?或者磁对它只是沒有任何影响? 答:一般来说,抗磁性显著的物质(即起主要作用)叫抗磁体,或叫做逆磁体或反磁体。所谓抗磁性就是当加上磁场后,这类物质的磁矩取向正好和外加磁场的方向相反,也就是说,它的磁化率是负的。如果抗磁体处于非均匀磁场内,例如放在电磁铁磁极间,则它会向着磁场最弱处移动,这是因为该物质受到了由于磁场不均匀性而产生的力作用的缘故。     

Fast high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy through indirect zero-quantum coherence detection in inhomogeneous fields

In many cases, high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectra are virtually impossible to obtain by con- ventional nuclear magnetic resonance methods because of inhomogeneity of magnetic field and inherent heterogeneity of sample. Although conventional intramolecular zero-quantum coherence （ZQC） can be used to obtain high-resolution spectrum in inhomogeneous field, the acquisition takes rather long time. In this paper, a spatially encoded intramolecular ZQC technique is proposed to fast acquire high-resolution NMR spectrum in inhomogeneous field. For the first time, the gradient-driven decoding technique is employed to selectively acquire intramolecular ZQC signals. Theoretical analyses and experimental observations demonstrate that high-resolution NMR spectral information can be retrieved within several scans even when the field inhomogeneity is severe enough to erase most spectral information. This work provides a new way to enhance the acquisition efficiency of high-resolution intramolecular ZQC spectroscopy in inhomogeneous fields.     

High-resolution NMR spectra in inhomogeneous and unstable fields via the three-pulse method

In modern solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the spectral resolution is mainly dependent on the spatial homogeneity and temporal stability of the magnetic field. The spectral linewidths are usually proportional to the overall field homogeneity and the stability experienced by the sample. Many high-resolution NMR methods have been developed, but few are applicable in inhomogeneous and unstable fields. In this paper, a high-resolution three-pulse method based on intermolecular zero-quantum coherences (iZQCs) is proposed. Since this method is insensitive to field inhomogeneity and instability, spectral information such as the chemical shift can be retained in the resulting spectra. In comparison with the CPMG-HOMOGENIZED method, the new method provides almost pure solvent–solute iZQC signals.     

High-resolution heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy based on spatial encoding and coherence transfer in inhomogeneous fields

Two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been proven to be a powerful technique for chemical, biological, and medical studies. Heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) are two frequently used 2D NMR methods. In combination with spatially encoded techniques, a heteronuclear 2D NMR spectrum can be acquired in several seconds and may be applied to monitoring chemical reactions. However, it is difficult to obtain high-resolution NMR spectra in inhomogeneous fields. Inspired by the idea of tracing the difference of precession frequencies between two different spins to yield high-resolution spectra, we propose a method with correlation acquisition option and J-resolved-like acquisition option to ultrafast obtain high-resolution HSQC/HMBC spectra and heteronuclear J-resolved-like spectra in inhomogeneous fields.     

Advances in high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance methods in inhomogeneous magnetic fields using intermolecular multiple quantum coherences

Strong and extremely homogeneous static magnetic field is usually required for high-resolution nu-clear magnetic resonance (NMR). However, in the cases of in vivo and so on, the magnetic field inho-mogeneity owing to magnetic susceptibility variation in samples is unavoidable and hard to eliminate by conventional methods such as shimming. Recently, intermolecular multiple quantum coherences (iMQCs) have been employed to eliminate inhomogeneous broadening and obtain high-resolution NMR spectra, especially for in vivo samples. Compared to other high-resolution NMR methods, iMQC method exhibits its unique feature and advantage. It simultaneously holds information of chemical shifts, multiplet structures, coupling constants, and relative peak areas. All the information is often used to analyze and characterize molecular structures in conventional one-dimensional NMR spec-troscopy. In this work, recent technical developments including our results in this field are summarized; the high-resolution mechanism is analyzed and comparison with other methods based on interactions between spins is made; comments on the current situation and outlook on the research directions are also made.     

基于哈德曼编码的新型高分辨定域谱

核磁共振（NMR）技术作为一种非植入无损伤的检测技术，已经广泛应用于化学、生物和医学等领域.本文基于哈德曼（Hadamard）编码的分子间单量子相干（iSQC）技术提出了一种新的序列，首先从理论上对该序列进行了简要的分析并阐明其原理，然后用套管模型实验和脑模型实验验证该序列在不均匀磁场下准确定域和快速获取高分辨谱的能力.实验表明，该序列在不均匀磁场下可以快速获取高分辨定域谱，同时抑制溶剂峰信号，具备一定的应用价值.     

液相电化学-核磁共振联用技术及其应用

原位电化学-核磁共振(EC-NMR)是一种具有良好应用前景的原位谱学方法,可以用于微观层次和分子水平研究电化学吸附、催化的过程和机理.作者综述了近年来发展起来的各种流动式和静态式液相EC-NMR联用技术,简要分析了电解池构造以及与EC-NMR装置联用时NMR谱线的特征.通过比较几种常用方法的优缺点,归纳了设计原位EC-...     

A heteronuclear intermolecular single-quantum coherence scheme for high-resolution 2D J-resolved 1H NMR spectra in inhomogeneous magnetic fields

Based on heteronuclear intermolecular single-quantum coherences between proton (¹H) and quadrupolar nuclei (i.e. deuterium ²H), a three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequence is proposed for recovering high-resolution two-dimensional J-resolved NMR spectra from samples mixed with a deuterated solvent in the presence of large magnetic field inhomogeneities. Benefitting from excitation of spins via two different radio frequency (RF) transmit channels, this sequence is suitable for applications in randomly large inhomogeneous fields and the solvent suppression generally required in homonuclear intermolecular multiple-quantum coherence approaches is no longer necessary. Systematic theoretical analyses are given based on the distant dipolar field treatment. Experiment on a sample of corn oil in deuterated acetone and ethyl 3-bromopropionate and acetone dissolved in DMSO-d₆ in a deshimmed field with severe inhomogeneous broadening is performed to show the feasibility and applicability of this sequence.     

Selective NMR excitation in strongly inhomogeneous magnetic fields

The NMR-MOUSE is a unilateral and mobile NMR sensor which operates with highly inhomogeneous magnetic fields. To produce a mobile NMR unit, RF excitation is sought, which can be produced with the most simple equipment, in particular nonlinear, low-power amplifiers, and to observe a free induction decay in strongly inhomogeneous fields, the excitation needs to be selective. The possibility to produce selective excitation by sequences of hard low-power radiofrequency pulses in the strongly inhomogeneous magnetic fields of the NMR-MOUSE is explored. The use of the DANTE sequence for selection of magnetization from parts of the sensitive volume was investigated for longitudinal and transverse magnetization by computer simulations and experiments. The spectra of the recorded FIDs and echo signals are in good agreement with those simulated for the excitation, which verifies the concept of the DANTE excitation. The results obtained are an important step towards a low-power operation of the NMR-MOUSE to improve its mobility.