固定体积比例下Ag纳米线对不同光栅结构吸收的影响

为了研究Ag纳米线对单晶硅薄膜太阳能电池光吸收效率的影响,设计了固定体积比例下具有三角形光栅和矩形光栅的单晶硅薄膜太阳能电池结构.在两种结构的Ag-Si交界处分别添加横向截面为圆形和矩形的Ag纳米线阵列,利用有限时域差分法分别模拟计算了这两种结构的太阳能电池和对照组的吸收光谱.通过扫描优化得到两种光栅结构的最佳高度、纳米线横截面积以及分布密度,并计算出最优条件下300~1 100nm波段的光吸收效率.通过分析光吸收增强谱和电磁场强度分布图得出了含有纳米线模型在长波段的吸收增强机理.结果表明,添加了Ag纳米线后的两种太阳能电池模型均比两种对照组模型具有更好的光捕获和吸收作用,在矩形光栅模型中添加Ag纳米线后吸收效率的提升要比三角形光栅模型中更为明显.研究结果可为新型太阳能电池的结构参数设计提供参考.     

基于光栅结构薄膜太阳能电池吸收层结构设计和优化

设计了一种具有光栅结构砷化镓吸收层的薄膜太阳能电池,利用严格耦合波方法分析了矩形光栅和双层矩形光栅结构砷化镓吸收层在280~900nm入射波长范围内的吸收效率.分析表明:在吸收层厚度一定的条件下,矩形光栅结构相比于平坦形吸收层的吸收率有较大提高;双层矩形光栅吸收效果更为明显,其对可见光的吸收率在较大波长范围内比单层矩形光栅提高了至少10%,比平坦形提高了至少20%.可见通过结构设计,光子在光栅内随机反射增加了光在吸收层的作用时间和距离,增强了吸收层对光的吸收率,进而提高薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率.     

异向混合光栅薄膜太阳能电池光吸收分析

为了分析混合光栅对硅薄膜太阳能电池光吸收的影响,在硅层厚度等效一致的条件下,设计了单一形状、同向和异向混合形状光栅单晶硅太阳能电池结构.利用时域有限差分法分别优化计算了各种混合光栅的最佳尺寸、光生电流密度和光吸收效率,发现异向混合结构的Ag光栅比其他结构具有更好的光吸收能力.通过电磁场强度分布图分析了混合光栅结构的吸收增强机理,并针对异向混合光栅,计算了不同光栅数量组成结构的光生电流密度.同时,利用光吸收增强因子定量分析得出一个三角凸型和一个抛物线凹槽是异向混合光栅最佳数量组合.有规律地改变这种混合光栅的宽度比和高度比,计算光生电流密度.结果发现当宽度比为1∶1,高度比在一个小范围内(0.67～1.86)波动时,这种异向混合结构比平板太阳能电池的光生电流密度提高了62.9%.研究结果可为薄膜太阳能电池的结构和参数设计提供参考.     

一维铝背栅单晶硅薄膜太阳能电池光吸收分析

分别以铝、银、硅为一维背栅设计了三种单晶硅结构的薄膜太阳能电池.利用时域有限差分法,在入射光为300nm~1100nm的波长段,计算了三种背栅材料的单晶硅薄膜太阳能电池单晶硅层的光吸收效率;利用计算所得到的磁场强度分布特点,分析了600nm以上波长段光吸收增强的机理.定义了归一化光吸收密度的概念,以定量衡量给定波段的光吸收效率.通过比较三种太阳能电池的归一化光吸收密度和短路电流密度,发现铝背栅比硅背栅和银背栅能更加有效地提高单晶硅薄膜太阳能电池的全波段光吸收效率.     

一维和双层二维光子晶体太阳能电池背反射器

利用a-Si∶H和SiO2等介质,设计了一种由一维光子晶体和双层二维光子晶体组成的非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池背反射器.利用时域有限差分法对该背反射器在入射光波长范围为300~1 100nm波段的反射率和透射率进行仿真,计算不同结构参量下非晶硅太阳能电池短路电流密度并进行比较分析,最终得到了最佳背反射器结构.结果表明:设计的太阳能电池背反射器能够有效地延长入射光在太阳能电池吸收层的传播路径,有助于缓解太阳能电池吸收层厚度对电池吸收效率的影响,提高了电池吸收层对入射光的吸收效率.一维光子晶体和双层二维光子晶体结构的背反射器可以大幅度提高电池的光捕获能力,将非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池的短路电流密度提高到31.96mA/cm2,较常用的Ag/ZnO背反射器结构非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池提高了51.0%.     

基于阳极氧化铝纳米光栅的薄膜硅太阳能电池双重陷光结构设计与仿真

本文提出了表面和底部均带有阳极氧化铝(AAO)纳米光栅的薄膜硅太阳能电池双重陷光结构,利用FDTD软件仿真研究了AAO纳米光栅的周期、厚度和占空比对薄膜硅太阳能电池短路电流密度的影响,并对AAO结构参数进行了优化.仿真结果表明,表面AAO最佳结构参数是周期440 nm,厚度75 nm,占空比0.5,底部AAO最佳结构参数是周期380 nm,厚度90 nm,占空比为0.75.双重AAO组合陷光结构可有效增加薄膜硅太阳能电池在280—1100 nm范围内的光吸收,吸收相对增强可以达到74.44%.     

利用窄刻槽金属光栅实现石墨烯双通道吸收增强

构建基底/窄刻槽金属光栅/覆盖层/石墨烯结构,利用金属光栅激发的表面等离子体激元共振和窄光栅刻槽支持的法布里-珀罗共振,在可见光波段实现单层石墨烯的双通道吸收增强,并结合简化模型估算出双吸收通道所在位置.在波长462和768 nm处,石墨烯的光吸收效率分别为35.6%和40.1%,相比石墨烯本征光吸收率的增强均超过15.5倍.进一步研究发现由于短波处吸收增强源于金属光栅的表面等离子体激元共振,其吸收特性受覆盖层厚度、刻槽深度和宽度变化的影响较小;而由于长波处吸收增强源于窄刻槽中的法布里-珀罗共振,因此呈现出良好的角度不敏感吸收特性.     

前后光栅周期对于双光栅结构薄膜太阳能电池光俘获效应的影响

本文用时域有限差分法对硅层等效厚度为100 nm的具有不同前后光栅周期的介质/金属双光栅结构薄膜太阳能电池进行了模拟分析,比较了三角形最佳相同与不同周期光栅结构的吸收光谱特性,分析了光栅高度、填充比、硅吸收层厚度对最佳相同和不同周期光栅结构光吸收特性的影响,以及相应结构中导致光吸收增强的共振模式.结果表明前后光栅周期为1:1的共形双光栅结构中存在光泄漏现象,偏离1:1后的光栅结构可有效地抑制低级次衍射光的泄漏,前光栅周期小于后光栅周期的结构光吸收性能的提高来自于平面波导模式在吸收层中的有效激发和传播,而前光栅周期大于后光栅周期的结构光吸收性能的提高则来自于后光栅界面上所激发的等离子体极化模式.在较厚的硅吸收层厚度,前后光栅周期比为1:2和1:3的电池结构也会出现光泄漏现象,从而使具有最大光吸收效率的结构偏离这些周期比结构的位置.     

基于光栅结构的砷化镓高效率吸收层设计

设计了一种具有光栅结构砷化镓吸收层的薄膜太阳能电池,利用严格耦合波方法对矩形光栅和三角形光栅结构砷化镓吸收层在300～900 nm入射波长范围内的吸收效率进行了分析。结果表明:相比于平坦吸收层,两种光栅结构在TE和TM偏振光条件下吸收效率均有提高,峰值吸收率可提高55.9%。并对矩形光栅、三角形光栅结构参数进行了优化设计,对两种光栅吸收层的角度依赖性做了分析,得出在填充比和厚度相同的情况下,正三角形光栅吸收层的角度依赖性最优。最后利用有限元法对入射光在电池吸收层的吸收增强效应进行了理论模拟,通过与平坦结构吸收层的电场分布对比,可以直观地看出入射光在光栅结构吸收层的吸收增强效应。该研究结果为制备高效率、高性能太阳能电池结构提供了参考依据。     

纳米表面二维周期半圆凹槽增强硅薄膜太阳能电池光吸收

利用时域有限差分方法, 研究硅薄膜上下表面周期半圆凹槽结构对于太阳光吸收的增强效应. 研究发现这种结构可以实现太阳光宽波段的光吸收增强, 通过调节SiO₂表面减反层厚度和凹槽半径长度来实现薄膜太阳能电池最大的光吸收, 并实现了波长在300-1000 nm范围的太阳光吸收总能量比没有这种 结构下硅薄膜光吸收提高了约117%. 关键词： 硅薄膜 半圆凹槽 吸收增强     

Broadband absorption enhancement with ultrathin MoS_2 film in the visible regime

The broadband absorption enhancement effect in ultrathin molybdenum disulfide(Mo S2)films is investigated.It is achieved by inserting the Mo S2 film between a dielectric film and a one-dimensional silver grating backed with a silver mirror.The broadband absorption enhancement in the visible region is achieved,which exhibits large integrated absorption and short-circuit current density for solar energy under normal incidence.The optical properties of the proposed absorber are found to be superior to those of a reference planar structure,which makes the proposed structure advantageous for practical photovoltaic application.Moreover,the integrated absorption and short-circuit current density can be maintained high for a wide range of incident angles.A qualitative understanding of such broadband absorption enhancement effect is examined by illustrating the electromagnetic field distribution at some selected wavelengths.The results pave the way for developing high-performance optoelectronic devices,such as solar cells,photodetectors,and modulators.     

非晶硅太阳电池宽光谱陷光结构的优化设计

陷光是改善薄膜太阳电池光吸收进而提高其效率的关键技术之一. 以非晶硅（α-Si）薄膜太阳电池为例,设计了一种新的复合陷光结构：在Ag背电极与硅薄膜之间制备一维Ag纳米光栅,并通过保形生长在电池前表面沉积织构的减反膜. 采用有限元数值模拟方法,研究了该复合陷光结构对电池光吸收的影响,并对Ag纳米光栅的结构参数进行了优化. 模拟结果表明：该复合陷光结构可在宽光谱范围内较大地提高太阳电池的光吸收;当Ag纳米光栅的周期P为600 nm,高度H为90 nm,宽度W为180 nm时,在AM1.5光谱垂直入射条件下α-Si薄膜电池在300–800 nm波长范围内总的光吸收较无陷光结构的参考电池提高达103%,其中在650–750 nm长波范围内的光子吸收率提高达300%以上. 结合电场强度分布,对电池在各个波段光吸收提高的物理机制进行了分析. 另外,该复合陷光结构的引入,还较大地改善了非晶硅电池对太阳光入射角度的敏感性. 关键词： 非晶硅太阳电池 陷光 银纳米光栅 数值模拟     

Absorption enhancement of thin film solar cells using back binary metallic grating

We reported in this work that light absorption can be significantly enhanced in an a-Si thin film solar cell with a nano binary metallic grating patterned on the bottom side. The enhancement is mainly due to combination of several kinds of optical modes. Cavity mode, at the transverse and longitudinal cavities and surface plasmon mode, propagating along the interface of silicon and silver are the main modes contributing to the enhancement. Some key parameters including grating period, width, height and active layer thickness are optimized. The integrated absorption rate of the optimized system reaches 76.55 % for the wavelength range from 300 to 950 nm under AM1.5G spectrum.     

Enhancement of optical absorption in amorphous silicon thin film solar cells with periodical nanorods to increase optical path length

In this paper, we demonstrate an amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film solar cell (TFSC) with a homogeneous layer of a-Si to absorb short wavelength photons and periodical a-Si nanorod structures for light trapping enhancement for longer wavelength photons. In such a design, the total absorption can be greatly improved. The periodicity and duty ratio of the nanorods were optimized to enhance the total optical absorption within 500 nanometer (nm) to 1000 nm in the hybrid TFSC structure. The best overall absorption can be achieved when period of nanorods is about 500 nm. When the duty ratio of nanorods is 0.6, the average absorption can reach 80% which represents an improvement by 40% compared to the conventional thin film a-Si solar cell without nanorod structures.     

Properties of ITO–AZO bilayer thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering for applications in thin-film silicon solar cells

In this paper we study the electro-optical behavior and the application of indium–tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) bilayer thin films for silicon solar cells. ITO–AZO bilayer thin films were deposited on glass substrates using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The experimental results show that a decrease in the electrical resistivity of the ITO–AZO bilayer thin films has been achieved without significant degradation of optical properties. In the best case the resistivity of the bilayer films reached a minimum of 5.075×10^?4 Ω?cm when the thickness of the AZO buffer layer was 12 nm. The ITO–AZO bilayer films were applied as the front electrodes of amorphous silicon solar cells and the short-circuit current density of the solar cells was considerably increased.     

亚波长金属光栅的光耦合增强效应及透射局域化的模拟研究

介质层上的亚波长金属光栅产生的表面等离子体（surface plasmons,SPs）可以极大地增强光栅下介质层内的透射光强.增强作用从500 nm延续到近红外区域.在波长610 nm附近有接近110%的增强,在波长700 nm及740 nm处也有180%左右的增强.而这个波长范围与薄膜太阳能电池的吸收谱很相近,因此这种结构有望大幅度提高薄膜太阳能电池及不同波长光探测器等光电转换器件的光耦合效率. 关键词： 表面等离子体 亚波长光栅 薄膜太阳能电池 透射增强     

Absorption Enhancement of Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells with Dielectric Si_3N_4 Nanostructures

A design of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cell with Si3 N4 circular truncated cone holes(CTCs) arrays on the top is proposed. In this article, we perform an optical simulation of the structure. The finite-difference time-domain method is used to calculate the optical absorption of different periods, radius of top and bottom circles and depth of Si3 N4 CTCs. The short-circuit current density generated by the optimized cells(30.17 mA/cm~2) is 32.44% more than the value gained by control group(with flat Si3 N4). Then adding a layer of back silver to allow us to better analyze optical absorption. Later, we simulate the optimization of the same configuration of different silicon thicknesses andfind that our structure does enhance the light absorption. This work uses a combined path towards achieving higher photocurrent ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells by constructing the texture of anti-reflection coating.     

Optical absorption enhancement in slanted silicon nanocone hole arrays for solar photovoltaics

We investigate slanted silicon nanocone hole arrays as light absorbing structures for solar photovoltaics via simulation.With only 1-μm equivalent thickness, a maximum short-circuit current density of 34.9 m A/cm~2 is obtained. Moreover, by adding an Ag mirror under the whole structure, a short-circuit current density of 37.9 m A/cm~2 is attained. It is understood that the optical absorption enhancement mainly results from three aspects. First, the silicon nanocone holes provide a highly efficient antireflection effect. Second, after breaking the geometric symmetry, the slanted silicon nanocone hole supports more resonant absorption modes than vertical structures. Third, the Fabry–Perot resonance enhances the light absorption after adding an Ag mirror.