高温超导双晶约瑟夫森结阵列毫米波相干辐射

研究了嵌入Fabry-Perot谐振腔的高温超导双晶约瑟夫森结阵列毫米波相干辐射的实验结果.相干辐射是通过约瑟夫森结阵列与基片(作为一个介质谐振器)和Fabry-Perot(FP)谐振器的共同作用实现的.由166个高温超导双晶约瑟夫森结串联阵列在77 K温度下产生的相干辐射,辐射峰的中心频率为75.84 GHz,功率大约为10 pW. 关键词： 高温超导薄膜 Fabry-Perot谐振腔 约瑟夫森结 毫米波辐射     

高温超导Josephson结混频器的分析研究

利用高温超导Josephson结已经实现了毫米波、亚毫米波波段的谐波混频.我们通过对高温超导颗粒晶界结、双晶结、内禀结的制备和混频实验对比研究,分析比较了其I-V曲线特性及其在液氮制冷下的混频结果.     

嵌入Fabry-Perot谐振腔的高温超导双晶约瑟夫森结的毫米波辐照特性研究

采用嵌入Fabry-Perot谐振腔的方式,研究了Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8(Tl-2212)高温超导薄膜双晶约瑟夫森结的毫米波辐照特性.重点研究了双晶约瑟夫森结与Fabry-Perot谐振腔的耦合特性,发现放置在谐振腔中的结的位置、角度、结的图形以及Fabry-Perot谐振腔中两镜面间的距离等对耦合都有很大的影响.通过精细调节这些参数,可使双晶约瑟夫森结与外加毫米波达到最佳耦合.在最佳耦合情况下,能观察到9级明显的夏皮罗台阶.利用Fabry-Perot谐振腔技术,解决了约瑟夫森结与毫米波的耦合问题,为高温超导约瑟夫森结的毫米波及太赫兹波的辐射和检测研究奠定了基础.     

高温超导双晶结混频器噪声系数测量

噪声系数(Noise Figure,NF)是超导混频器的一个重要参数,是衡量超导混频器内部噪声、影响混频器灵敏度的一个重要指标.实验基于小型脉冲管制冷系统,搭建高温超导约瑟夫森双晶结混频器噪声系数自动测量系统,工作温度为60K.Ar离子刻蚀工艺技术制备高温超导YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)/MgO约瑟夫森双晶结,通过Y-因子噪声测量法,测量YBCO/MgO约瑟夫森双晶结混频器的噪声系数.实验成功制备了特征电压约1mV的YBCO/MgO约瑟夫森双晶结,在650GHz信号辐照下,有明显的夏皮罗(Shapiro)台阶.在210GHz信号辐照下,进行30次谐波混频,约瑟夫森双晶结在不同偏置电压点中频输出信噪比变化范围约为30dB.在77K与300K不同输入噪声功率下,测得双晶结混频器噪声系数最小值为10dB,偏置电压在300μV.     

基于小型脉冲管制冷机的高温超导体混频器

文中介绍在小型脉冲管制冷机的基础上设计制作的混频系统 ,利用高温超导双晶结作为混频元件 ,实现了毫米波段的谐波混频 ,并对小型脉冲管制冷机作为高温超导体微波器件的冷源做了一定的研究。说明小型脉冲管制冷机在高温超导器件走向实用方面大有潜力。     

高温超导YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)双晶约瑟夫森结的输运特性随晶界角的变化

高温超导双晶约瑟夫森结在超导电子器件方面具有重要应用,对其输运特性的研究对理解高温超导的d波对称性也有重要意义.我们在晶界角分别为24°、30°和36°的SrTiO_3对称双晶衬底上,利用脉冲激光沉积方法生长了YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)高温超导薄膜,进而利用紫外曝光和离子刻蚀制备了YBCO双晶约瑟夫森结,测量了其输运特性随晶界角的变化.在结样品的超导转变曲线中观测到由双晶晶界引起的电阻拖尾现象,按热激活相位滑移理论对其的分析表明,随着晶界角的增大,YBCO双晶结可能从S-N-S型转变为S-I-S型结.通过伏安特性曲线的测量确定了结的约瑟夫森临界电流Ic、临界电流密度Jc及正常态电阻Rn等特性参数随晶界角的变化,发现近似有标度关系I_cR_n∝J_c~(0.6).随着晶界角的增大,我们观测到Jc随温度下降从单调增加转变为非单调变化,在10K~20K和30K~40K之间出现局部极小值,分析表明这一现象很可能与由YBCO超导能隙的d波对称性所导致的结界面处隙间态的出现相关.     

TlBaCaCuO双晶结太赫兹混频检测器特性研究

铊钡钙铜氧(TlBaCaCuO)材料相比钇钡铜氧(YBaCuO)来讲,具有基本不与水气发生反应,稳定性高的优点.我们制备了TlBaCaCuO双晶结,用其代替YBaCuO双晶结进行了太赫兹信号的混频检测.对TlBaCaCuO与YBaCuO双晶结的R~T特性、超导临界电流、正常态电阻、特征电压等参数进行了比较,给出了两种双晶结在空气中的退化程度随时间的关系.TlBaCaCuO双晶结显著提高了高温超导太赫兹检测器的稳定性和使用寿命.     

基于高温超导双晶结的约瑟夫森效应观测实验

基于YBa2Cu3O7-δ高温超导双晶结,组建了约瑟夫森效应测试装置.利用此装置观察了直流和交流约瑟夫森效应,并测量了约瑟夫森结的临界电流和夏皮罗台阶.     

高温超导约瑟夫森结技术及其应用

高温超导约瑟夫森结技术近年来发展很快，特别是台阶结、双晶结、双外延结、边缘结和邻近效应结等性能已达到实用水平，并应用于超导量子干涉器件、数字信号处理和高频有源器件中。文章介绍了这些结的技术和有关的应用。     

高Tc氧化物晶界结

高温超导氧化物的晶界形成超导Josephson弱连接，人工制作的晶界（例如双晶衬底上外延生长高Tc超导薄膜形成的晶界）是弯曲的小折线，即晶界小面化了，超导序参数d波对称性和晶界小面化对晶界结的性质有重要影响，文章综述了近几年来国际上在有关方面的研究动态，。     

Extrinsic electronic transport in La0.7(Sr,Ca)0.3MnO3 films deposited on step edges and bicrystal substrates

In this paper, the electronic transport of La(0.7)(Sr,Ca)(0.3)MnO(3) films grown by pulsed laser deposition on a LaAlO(3)(001) substrate with deep parallel structured steps and a 30° symmetric bicrystal SrTiO(3)(001) substrate have been discussed. The electronic transport properties have been related to the well-known extrinsic transport of bulk manganite compounds. The spin-glass-like behavior with a characteristic peak at 20 K and domain formation at the grain boundary is observed. Further, it has been quantified from the resonant tunneling model that mixed magnetic interactions play a significant role in the manganite films deposited on step edges.     

High-Tc planar SQUID gradiometer for eddy current non-destructive evaluation

This paper reports the fabrication and test of a high-Tc SQUID planar gradiometer which is patterned from YBCO thin film deposited on a SrTiO3 bicrystal substrate. The measurement of noise spectrum at 77K shows that the white noise at 200 Hz is about 1×10^-4 φ0/√Hz. The minimal magnetic gradient is measured and the results suggest that the minimal magnetic gradient is 94 pT/m. The planar gradiometer is used in non-destructive evaluation （NDE） experiments to detect the artifacts in conducting aluminium plates by performing eddy current testing in an unshielded environment. The effect of the exciting coil dimension on the NDE results is investigated. By mapping out the induced field distribution, flaws about 10mm below the plate surface can be clearly identified.     

Imaging the phase separation in atomically thin buried SrTiO(3) layers by electron channeling

A phase-separation instability, resulting in the dewetting of thin SrTiO(3) films grown on Si(100) is shown by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Plan-view imaging of 1-nm thick, buried SrTiO(3) films was achieved by exploiting electron channeling through the substrate to focus the incident 0.2 nm beam down to a 0.04 nm diameter, revealing a nonuniform coverage by epitaxial SrTiO(3) islands and 2 x 1 Sr-covered regions. Density-functional calculations predict the ground state is a coexistence of 2 x 1 Sr-reconstructed Si and Sr-deficient SrTiO(3), in correspondence with the observed islanding.     

嵌埋Ni颗粒的BaTiO_3/SrTiO_3薄膜的相变特性

采用高温X射线原位衍射和变温介电谱对SrTiO3基底上外延生长的BaTiO3(嵌埋Ni颗粒)薄膜进行了相变特性分析。从X射线衍射和介电谱的分析结果得出,BaTiO3的相变温度点转变为弥散的温度区间。在这个弥散的相变温度区间内,由于基底和薄膜之间的失配,以及嵌埋Ni颗粒的应力作用,薄膜的介电响应弥散剧烈,并偏离德拜弛豫。分析Cole-Cole图获知,BaTiO3薄膜在四方相转变为立方相的相变过程中同时存在几种极化机制,在高温状态下介电损耗随温度增大而增大。降温过程中,薄膜没有立即恢复四方相,可能是基底和Ni颗粒的共同作用影响了相变弛豫。     

Transport through graphene on SrTiO3

We report transport measurements through graphene on SrTiO(3) substrates as a function of magnetic field B, carrier density n, and temperature T. The large dielectric constant of SrTiO(3) very effectively screens long-range electron-electron interactions and potential fluctuations, making Dirac electrons in graphene virtually noninteracting. The absence of interactions results in an unexpected behavior of the longitudinal resistance in the N=0 Landau level and in a large suppression of the transport gap in nanoribbons. The "bulk" transport properties of graphene at B=0 T, on the contrary, are completely unaffected by the substrate dielectric constant.     

Spin-dependent electron transport in manganite bicrystal junctions

Magnetic bicrystal films and junctions of magnetic La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ (LSMO) and La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO) films epitaxially grown on NdGaO₃ substrates with the (110) planes of their two parts misoriented (tilted) at angles of 12°, 22°, 28°, and 38° are investigated. For comparison, bicrystal boundaries with a 90° misorientation of the axes of the NdGaO₃ (110) planes were fabricated. The directions of the axes and the magnetic anisotropy constants of the films on both sides of the boundary are determined by two independent techniques of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The magnetic misorientation of the axes in the substrate plane has been found to be much smaller than the crystallographic misorientation for tilted bicrystal boundaries, while the crystallographic and magnetic misorientation angles coincide for boundaries with rotation of the axes. An increase in the magnetoresistance and characteristic resistance of bicrystal junctions with increasing misorientation angle was observed experimentally. The magnetoresistance of bicrystal junctions has been calculated by taking into account the uniaxial anisotropy, which has allowed the contributions from the tunneling and anisotropic magnetoresistances to be separated. The largest tunneling magnetoresistance was observed on LCMO bicrystal junctions, in which the characteristic resistance of the boundary is higher than that in LSMO boundaries.     

Selecting the shape of supported metal nanocrystals: Pd huts, hexagons, or pyramids on SrTiO3(001)

Increasing interest in oxide supported nanoparticle science and technology is stimulating research into controlling nanocrystal shape. Pd forms nanocrystals on the surface of SrTiO3(001), and depending on the crystallographic interface of the Pd with the substrate three shapes can be created: truncated pyramids, huts, and hexagonal shaped disks. Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that the nanocrystal shapes are determined by the substrate reconstruction and the substrate temperature during deposition. A thermodynamic model is used to show that the pyramids and huts are stable structures, and that the hexagons are trapped in a metastable state.     

Structural comparison of n-type and p-type LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces

Using a surface x-ray diffraction technique, we investigated the atomic structure of two types of interfaces between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3, that is, p-type (SrO/AlO2) and n-type (TiO2/LaO) interfaces. Our results demonstrate that the SrTiO3 in the sample with the n-type interface has a large polarized region, while that with the p-type interface has a limited polarized region. In addition, atomic intermixing was observed to extend deeper into the SrTiO3 substrate at the n-type interface compared to the p type. These differences result in distinct degrees of band bending, which likely contributes to the striking contrast in electrical conductivity between the two types of interfaces.     

Thermal tunability in terahertz metamaterials fabricated on strontium titanate single-crystal substrates

We report an experimental demonstration of thermal tuning of resonance frequency in a planar terahertz metamaterial consisting of a gold split-ring resonator array fabricated on a bulk single-crystal strontium titanate (SrTiO?) substrate. Cooling the metamaterial starting from 409 K down to 150 K causes about a 43% shift in resonance frequency, and there is very little variation in resonance strength. The resonance shift is due to the temperature-dependent dielectric constant of the strontium titanate. The experiment opens up avenues for designing tunable terahertz devices by exploiting the temperature-sensitive characteristic of high dielectric constant substrates and complex metal oxide materials.