热声发动机用加热器的设计与实验验证

热声发动机利用热声效应将热能转换为机械能,热能由核心部件加热器提供。加热器在热声发动机的能量传递和转化过程中起着举足轻重的作用。针对热声发动机的工作特点,介绍了一种采用时均流对流换热公式进行热声发动机用加热器设计的方法。基于该方法,设计了一种新型热声发动机用电加热器,并应用于自行研制的太型多功能行波热声发动机试验台。设计计算和实验结果表明,该加热器能够充分满足热声发动机的加热要求。本文对以振荡流体为特征的换热器设计具有一定参考价值。     

基于热声相控阵列的声聚焦效应

研究基于热声相控阵列的宽频带声聚焦效应.设计新型热声相位控制单元,通过改变单元的空气温度控制声波波速,实现声波透射与反射相位延迟覆盖2π区间.设计四种不同类型的热声相控阵列聚焦透镜,采用8种或2种热声相位控制单元分别实现了透射与反射声聚焦效应.与其他类型的声聚焦透镜相比,热声相控阵列聚焦透镜具有宽频带、高聚焦性能、设计方案简单等优点.     

利用高分子压电薄膜设计声辐射模态传感器

首先对声辐射模态进行改进,使声辐射模态形状在中、低频时与频率无关。然后在此基础上,以振动梁为例,提出通过设计特定形状的高分子电压薄膜作为传感器测量声辐射模态的伴随系数。实验结果表明这种声辐射模态传感器的设计是可行的。     

广义斯奈尔定律与声超表面*

给出了广义斯奈尔定律的相关理论推导,并总结回顾了之前的几种设计,包括声人工结构表面和几种声超表面的案例。首先,以人工结构表面为例,以解析推导为主,结合数值模拟和实验结果,证明了人工窄井结构的异常反射现象。随后,我们回顾了声超表面的设计方法,包括折叠空间式和亥姆赫兹腔式两种典型的结构化设计。最后,我们重点回顾了一种厚度仅为1/20波长的声超表面,用于设计超薄声扩散体,称为声超表面施罗德扩散体。传统的施罗德扩散体是40年前提出的建筑声学领域的经典设计,而我们提出的声超表面施罗德扩散体在中心频率具有同样优质的漫反射效果。另外,通过混合不同目标频率的超表面单元,可以设计宽带的超薄施罗德扩散体,其带宽接近于商业化的施罗德扩散体,这个例子充分展示了声超表面在实际场合的应用潜能。     

激光致声声呐换能器的设计

提出一种声呐发射换能器的设计思路.设计激光声产生系统,获取并测量激光声信号,求出激光声信号的功率谱、模糊函数、水中的距离分辨力、多普勒分辨常数.基于激光声的产生、传播、时域波形和频率特性提出声呐发射换能器的概念性设计思路.从理论上初步证明了该换能器具有良好的距离分辨力和指向性,可作为高分辨力声呐的声源.     

单向声传播结构研究

受到电子二极管整流效应的启发,对单向声传播结构展开了一系列的理论与实验研究：将超晶格结构与非线性声学材料组合构成了可实现声整流效应的声二极管结构;通过将反对称弹性结构引入到复合结构板来产生Lamb波的不对称模式转化,设计了可实现Lamb波单向传播的线性声学结构;基于声子晶体的部分禁带特性,在有限尺度声学系统中设计并实现了单向声学波导结构;设计并实现了由纯板与声栅构成的声单向传播结构,具有小尺寸与高效率的特点,且声波出射角度可调;基于声学梯度材料设计了可在极宽频带内实现不对称声传播的声学结构。     

40K温区的热驱动低温热声制冷机

热声驱动脉管制冷机主要由热声发动机和脉管制冷机组成,是一种完全无运动部件的新型低温制冷机。本文在实验室现有行波热声发动机的基础上,运用线性热声理论对两级脉管制冷机进行了设计,并用声学放大器对热声发动机和脉管制冷机进行耦合,提高脉管制冷机的驱动压比,从而获得了41 K的低温,这是目前热声驱动脉管制冷机所获得的最低制冷温度。正因为本热声驱动脉管制冷机系统的热驱动特性及其主要部件都是按照热声理论进行设计,所以我们将其称为热驱动低温热声制冷机。     

水滴声台阶声景观软件模拟实验*

国内外发现了一种能够将脚步声或拍手声转变成类似水滴声的水滴声台阶。为科学保护和实现主动设计这种水滴声台阶声景观,该文基于声学仿真软件对天子冢和天元山水滴声台阶声场特征进行模拟,讨论了模拟的精确性和水滴声台阶形成的复杂性。结果表明:当忽略台阶物理属性影响时,可以模拟出台阶几何形式对声音频谱有一定的筛选作用,模拟出的台阶上的声场特征与实地测试结果基本一致,但是无法准确模拟台阶上"水滴声"频谱的主导频率大小。最后提出水滴声台阶保护和设计建议。     

基于五模材料的圆柱声隐身斗篷坐标变换设计

五模超材料具有与流体相似的物理性质,为各向异性流体的物理实现提供了途径,因此Norris提出了将其用于声隐声斗篷设计的思路.本文对Norris五模超材料声隐声斗篷设计中提出的坐标变换方程进行研究,利用有限元方法对不同坐标变换下声隐声斗篷的平均可视度进行数值计算,分析了五模超材料斗篷的隐身性能影响因素及规律.结果表明,通过选取不同的坐标变换方程改变其物性参数分布,能够调节斗篷中的声波传播路径,对声隐声斗篷的声散射特性产生明显影响.因此,选择合适的坐标变换方程能够有效改善隐身性能.     

扬声器驱动热声制冷机设计研究

热声制冷机主要由声驱动器、共振管、板叠、高低温端换热器、声容等部件组成。它具有运动部件少、运行可靠、振动小和寿命长等优点 ,在军事、航天、微电子、低温物理等领域有着十分诱人的应用前景。文中运用经典线性热声理论对热声制冷机各个组成部件设计进行了介绍 ,在此基础上设计了一台扬声器驱动热声制冷机 ,并用专业计算软件进行了数值模拟验证 ,为热声制冷机进一步优化与发展提供了一个解决方案。     

Two-Mode Wave Solutions to the Degasperis--Procesi Equation

By introducing a new type of solutions, called the multiple-mode wave solutions which can be expressed in nonlinear superposition of single-mode waves with different speeds, we investigate the two-mode wave solutions in Degasperis-Procesi equation and two cases are derived. The explicit expressions for the two-mode waves as well as the existence conditions are presented. It is shown that the two-mode waves may be the nonlinear combinations of many types of single-mode waves, such as periodic waves, solJtons, compactons, etc., and more complicated multiple-mode waves can be obtained if higher order or more single-mode waves are taken into consideration. It is pointed out that the two-mode wave solutions can be employed to display the typical mechanism of the interactions between different single-mode waves.     

Multiple-mode wave solutions in Vakhnenko equation

A new type of wave solutions, called as multiple-mode waves, which can be expressed in the superposition forms of more than two types of single-mode waves of Vakhnenko equation have been investigated in this Letter. A new general method for obtaining the multiple-mode waves is proposed, based on which four cases of the possible forms of wave solutions with two-mode have been derived. The explicit expressions of the two-mode waves as well as the existence conditions have been presented, which may be the nonlinear combinations between periodic waves, solitons, compactons, etc., with different wave speeds, respectively. It is pointed out that more complicated multiple-mode waves with more than three single-mode waves can be derived accordingly, which can be used to reveal the evolution of interactions between different types of waves, especially between various solitons.     

Spatial separation of the traveling and evanescent parts of dipole radiation

Electric dipole radiation consists of traveling and evanescent plane waves. When radiation is detected in the far field, only the traveling waves will contribute to the intensity distribution, as the evanescent waves decay exponentially. We propose a method to spatially separate the traveling and evanescent waves before detection. It is shown that when the radiation passes through an interface, evanescent waves can be converted into traveling waves and can subsequently be observed in the far field. Let the radiation be observed under angle theta(t) with the normal. Then there exists an angle theta(ac) such that for 0 < or = theta(t) < theta(ac) all intensity originates in traveling waves, whereas for theta(ac) < theta(t) < pi/2 only evanescent waves contribute. It is shown that with this technique and under the appropriate conditions almost all far-field power can be provided by evanescent waves.     

Spectrum analysis of seismic surface waves and its applications in seismic landmine detection

In geophysics, spectrum analysis of surface waves (SASW) refers to a noninvasive method for soil characterization. However, the term spectrum analysis can be used in a wider sense to mean a method for determining and identifying various modes of seismic surface waves and their properties such as velocity, polarization, etc. Surface waves travel along the free boundary of a medium and can be easily detected with a transducer placed on the free surface of the boundary. A new method based on vector processing of space-time data obtained from an array of triaxial sensors is proposed to produce high-resolution, multimodal spectra from surface waves. Then individual modes can be identified in the spectrum and reconstructed in the space-time domain; also, reflected waves can be separated easily from forward waves in the spectrum domain. This new SASW method can be used for detecting and locating landmines by analyzing the reflected waves for resonance. Processing examples are presented for numerically generated data, experimental data collected in a laboratory setting, and field data.     

局部不均匀性对时空系统振荡频率的影响

以复金兹堡一朗道方程为模型,利用数值实验方法观察了时空系统中螺旋波斑图的演化行为,发现在局域非均匀参数条件下,系统的螺旋波可以受到该杂质区域的影响而演化成为稳定的靶波.研究表明,内传的螺旋波转换为稳定靶波的必要条件是非杂质系统和杂质系统的振荡频率相等且小于系统的固有频率,并在参数一频率空间形成一个特殊的V形区域,进一步分析表明,该V形区域具有左右对称、两侧靶波传播方向相反以及随杂质区域参数α_2的增大而向参数β_2减小方向平移等性质.     

Rogue Waves in Nonintegrable KdV-Type Systems

It is proved that rogue waves can be found in Korteweg de-Vries(KdV) systems if real nonintegrable effects, higher order nonlinearity and nonlinear diffusion are considered. Rogue waves can also be formed without modulation instability which is considered as the main formation mechanism of the rogue waves.     

Extended Schwinger-Boson theory of the two-dimensional spin-1/2 anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnets

The properties of the possible solitary electromagnetic waves, propagating in two-dimensional SIS Josephson junction without dissipative losses are investigated on the basis of the local theory of the junction. A classification of the waves in the junction with respect to the Swihart velocity is made. It is shown that allowed and forbidden areas for the wave numbers, wave frequency and wave amplitude exist. The cut-off frequency for the solitary waves which velocity is greater than the Swihart velocity can be smaller than the Josephson plasma frequency and moreover these waves can propagate only in a junction that is large in the direction perpendicular to the propagation direction. On the contrary the solitary waves which velocity is smaller than the Swihart velocity request junction size in the above direction to be smaller than a critical one. The investigated two-dimensional solitary waves can be connected with one or two quanta of the magnetic flux.     

Experimental study on the Stokes effect in disordered birefringent microstructure fibers

In this paper, a 120-fs pulse transmission experiment is carried out using disordered birefringent microstructure fibers with cladding ventages. Through this experiment, it is found for the first time that remarkable Stokes and anti-Stokes waves can also be produced when the central wavelength of the incident pulse is in the normal dispersion regime of the microstructure fiber. The generation of the two waves can be explained by the four-wave mixing phase matching theory. Properties of the two waves under the action of femtosecond laser pulses with different parameters are studied. The results show that the central wavelength of anti-Stokes waves and Stokes waves produced under the two orthogonal polarization states shift by 63 nm and 160 nm, respectively. The strengths and central positions of the two waves in birefringent fibers can be controlled by adjusting the phase match condition and the polarization directions of incident pulses.     

Propagation of lower hybrid resonance waves in depleted-plasma regions in the upper auroral ionosphere

We study theoretically the propagation of lower-hybrid resonance (LHR) waves in the auroral ionospheric plasma. The ray-tracing technique is used to study the properties of LHR wave propagation with account of a large-scale inhomogeneity both along and across the geomagnetic field. It is shown that wave refraction in such an inhomogeneous medium can result in direct transformation of LHR waves whose wave normals make large angles with the geomagnetic field into whistler-mode waves, whose wave vectors are close to the geomagnetic-field direction and which can therefore pass through the ionosphere to the ground. The parameters of LHR waves which can thus be transformed into whistler-mode waves are found. The transformation process considered can be important for interpreting ground-based observations of ELF waves. Deceased. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 279–289, April 2009.     

Elimination of spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos by the pulse with a specific spatiotemporal configuration

Spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos are sometimes harmful and should be controlled. In this paper spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos are successfully eliminated by the pulse with a very specific spatiotemporal configuration. The excited position D of spiral waves or spatiotemporal chaos is first recorded at an arbitrary time （to）. When the system at the domain D enters a recovering state, the external pulse is injected into the domain. If the intensity and the working time of the pulse are appropriate, spiral waves and spatiotemporal chaos can finally be eliminated because counter-directional waves can be generated by the pulse. There are two advantages in the method. One is that the tip can be quickly eliminated together with the body of spiral wave, and the other is that the injected pulse may be weak and the duration can be very short so that the original system is nearly not affected, which is important for practical applications.