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本文报导一种用透射光栅测量微观区城内流速的方法。此法通过测量放在光探测器前的透射光栅处运动粒子的图象即可求得流速。显微物镜所成的象与流体中的运动粒子相对应。此法通常用于测量细玻璃管内流速的空间分布,并将一些测量结果与用示差激光多普勒测速术获得的数据进行比较,又将合成分布与用通过管子的流速求得的理论流速分布进行比较。结果表明透射光栅法特别适合于测量微小测量体内的流速。 相似文献
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鉴于气囊差压数据对系留气球压力调节的至关重要性,提出了一种差压数据的余度设计方法。在分析差压传感器组成特点的基础上,采用硬件双余度差压传感器配置实现了气囊差压数据的三余度设计,并给出了基于互比监控的故障判定逻辑和故障处置方法,以较低的成本大幅提高了系留气球差压测量的容错能力。 相似文献
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测量气体和流体速度的传统方法是采用毕脱管或热线风速仪,其做法是在被测速度场中放置一个传感器,然后将它感受到的与速度有关的信号送到二次仪表进行处理,得到速度的信息.然而,在流场中放置一个物体,其本身就意味着要干扰流场,从而影响测量精度,而且这些方法在测量狭小流场如附面层、射流元件等方面就无能为力,它不可能测量比传感器的体积还要小的流速场速度分布. 近年来发展了一种新型的测速技术,无需接触被测流体,只要让几束细光束穿过流动的气体或液体,就能测出流体的流动速度,这就是激光多普勒测速技术. 六十年代中期,Yen和Cummins[1]… 相似文献
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设计空气流速连续可调的小型风洞,对圆形平板、圆柱体、流线体的空气阻力系数进行测量.利用U型管中水柱的高度差表达孔板法中空气的流速,通过悬臂梁力传感器测量测试物受到的空气阻力,根据空气阻力和U型管中水柱的高度差的关系测定空气阻力系数. 相似文献
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高中物理学第二册,流体力学部分中討論到了属于流体动力学的下列几个問題: (1)在管中做稳定流动的无粘滞性和不可压縮的流体在某处的速度与該处管之截面积成反此,即: V×S=常数这一結論,在流体力学中謂之連續性原理。根据該原理可知:在管之截面愈大之处,流体速度愈小,管之截面愈小之处,流体速度愈大。 (2)在管中做稳定的、流动的、无粘滞性和不可压縮的流体,在某点的压强与其流速有关。流速愈大,压强愈小,流速愈小,压强愈大。(但应当向学生交代清楚,压强与流速决非反比关系。)将此种結果与連续性原理联系起来考虑,我們可知:管之截面大处之压强較截面小处压强为大。 相似文献
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本文提供了提高现有活塞圆筒式高压装置流体静压强的一种实验方法。成功地制作了锰铜丝压力计,并利用铋丝相变准确地做了压力校正。各箍的应力检测分析和相对位移测量都表明:无论压腔空载或充液时,在0.000 1~3.08 GPa均不显示出同步箍紧作用;上下缸的压强差偏大带来高压暴露的危险。为把流体静压强提高到3.08 GPa以上,建议改进设计;(1)内箍中箍合二为一,外箍分为上下二层,将增加箍力;(2)调整各箍之间接触圆锥面的面积,将有助于同步箍紧;(3)增大密封套圈的无支承面,将减少上下缸压差,有利于安全运行。 相似文献
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De Shun Li Tao Guo Yin Ran Li Jin Sen Hu Zhi Zheng Ye Li Yu Jia Di Wen Rui Hu Ren Nian Li 《中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学(英文版)》2018,(9)
Experiments and numerical simulations of the wake field behind a horizontal-axis wind turbine are carried out to investigate the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and a stand-alone wind turbine. The tested wind turbine(33 k W) has a rotor diameter of 14.8 m and hub height of 15.4 m. An anti-icing digital Sonic wind meter, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor are installed in the upstream wind measurement mast. Wake velocity is measured by three US CSAT3 ultrasonic anemometers. To reflect the characteristics of the whole flow field, numerical simulations are performed through large eddy simulation(LES) and with the actuator line model. The experimental results show that the axial velocity deficit rate ranges from 32.18% to 63.22% at the three measuring points. Meanwhile, the time-frequency characteristics of the axial velocities at the left and right measuring points are different. Moreover, the average axial and lateral velocity deficit of the right measuring point is greater than that of the left measuring point. The turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) at the middle and right measuring points exhibit a periodic variation, and the vortex sheet-pass frequency is mostly similar to the rotational frequency of the rotor. However, this feature is not obvious for the left measuring point. Meanwhile, the power spectra of the vertical velocity fluctuation show the slope of-1, and those of lateral and axial velocity fluctuations show slopes of-1 and-5/3, respectively.However, the inertial subranges of axial velocity fluctuation at the left, middle, and right measuring points occur at 4, 7, and7 Hz, respectively. The above conclusion fully illustrates the asymmetry of the left and right measuring points. The experimental data and numerical simulation results collectively indicate that the wake is deflected to the right under the influence of lateral force. Therefore, wake asymmetry can be mainly attributed to the lateral force exerted by the wind turbine on the fluid. 相似文献
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The effect of a fluid on the surface waves moving in a waveguide along its boundary with the fluid is considered. The effect of the shear and volume viscosities of the fluid on the damping coefficient of such a surface wave is estimated. It is shown that the effect of fluids may be neglected at a measurement accuracy of about 10?3 if their shear viscosities are lower than 0.1 Pa s. At a higher viscosity, corrections that take into account the contribution of viscous losses to the measured damping coefficient of a surface wave should be introduced. A technique for calibrating a density sensor for low-viscosity fluids is described, and the densities of NaCl and saccharose solutions in distilled water are measured. The experimental results agree qualitatively with the theoretical estimates. It is noted that this method of measuring the longitudinal impedance of a fluid can use the same apparatus design in both the principle (pulsed) and the frequency range (1?C10 MHz) for measuring the density, both viscosities, the velocity, and the sound absorption coefficient of a fluid. This design almost coincides with the apparatus used in the means of nondestructive quality control of materials and articles. 相似文献
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J. Coulthard 《Ultrasonics》1973,11(2):83-88
The majority of ultrasonic flowmeters ultilize the Doppler principle so that the measurement depends upon the value of the velocity of sound in the fluid. Variations of the sound velocity can, therefore, introduce measurement errors. This paper describes an ultrasonic method of measuring the flow of liquids and gases using cross-correlation techniques. There is no restriction to the flow and the measurement accuracy is in principle independent of the velocity of sound in the fluid. 相似文献
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基于光纤光栅的高灵敏度流速传感器 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
利用光纤光栅压强传感机构和汾丘里管设计了一种基于光纤光栅的流速传感器,并推导了光纤光栅中心波长漂移量与流速的关系式。实验表明,该传感器具有较高的灵敏度,稳定性较好,光纤光栅的中心波长随流速的增加而不断向短波方向漂移,而带宽几乎没有变化,实验和理论符合得较好。该流速传感器的动态感测范围为51.0~148.2 mm/s,在该范围内,至少可感测到0.3 mm/s的流速变化,这是目前所报道的最优值。优化光纤光栅压强传感机构及汾丘里管的参量,可测量其它速度段的流速,并可进一步提高传感灵敏度。 相似文献
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集成温度传感器(Integration temperature sensor)简称(ITS)应用于声速测量系统。用实验的方法,研究了液体中声的传播速度与温度变化的关系,并对水进行了实际测量。实验证明了这一测试系统的实用性和可靠性,为液体声速的进一步研究,提供了理想的实验依据和测量方法。 相似文献