Application of surface and normal ultrasonic waves for measuring the parameters of technical fluids: II. Density measurements

The effect of a fluid on the surface waves moving in a waveguide along its boundary with the fluid is considered. The effect of the shear and volume viscosities of the fluid on the damping coefficient of such a surface wave is estimated. It is shown that the effect of fluids may be neglected at a measurement accuracy of about 10^?3 if their shear viscosities are lower than 0.1 Pa s. At a higher viscosity, corrections that take into account the contribution of viscous losses to the measured damping coefficient of a surface wave should be introduced. A technique for calibrating a density sensor for low-viscosity fluids is described, and the densities of NaCl and saccharose solutions in distilled water are measured. The experimental results agree qualitatively with the theoretical estimates. It is noted that this method of measuring the longitudinal impedance of a fluid can use the same apparatus design in both the principle (pulsed) and the frequency range (1?C10 MHz) for measuring the density, both viscosities, the velocity, and the sound absorption coefficient of a fluid. This design almost coincides with the apparatus used in the means of nondestructive quality control of materials and articles.