横向加热石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中铅和镉

研究了横向加热石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中铅和镉,用磷酸二氢铵和硝酸镁作混合基体改进剂,消除基体干扰,铅和镉的检出限分别为0.0078和0.0015μg·g~(-1);相对标准偏差为:铅小于9.1％、镉小于5.0％;回收率为95％～114％。     

金伯利岩中微量元素的X-射线荧光光谱测试方法研究

本文对X-射线荧光光谱仪的工作条件进行改进,经试验选择了最佳分析条件,制定出准确测定金伯利岩样品中Sc,Cr,Ni,Y,Nb,La等微量元素的方法。这项研究降低了方法的检出限(如Sc从9.54μg·g~(-1)下降到2.83μg·g~(-1);La从21.68μg·g~(-1)下降到9.18μg·g~(-1))和分析成本。Sc,Cr,Ni,Y,Nb,La各元素的检出限分别为:2.83,2.15,2.20,1.17,1.05,9.18μg·g~(-1),并改善了精密度(RSD,n=20,2.10％～7.09％)和准确度,提高了分析测试效率。将该法与ICP光谱法进行对比试验,取得了令人满意的结果。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定水样中的痕量锌

文章对锌含量在μg·mL~(-1)～mg·L~(-1)范围的水样品的石墨炉原子吸收法测定进行了研究。通常由于在石墨炉原子吸收法测定中,由于锌的灵敏度很高使制样过程易受到污染,而火焰原子吸收法测定需较繁杂的富集。通过在样品加入乙醇降低空白值和改进精密度,调节仪器条件的内气流为0.5L·min~(-1)以降低锌的灵敏度,使方法线性范围达到0～20μg·L~(-1)。本法相对标准偏差为0.5％～5.9％之间,检测限为0.098μg·L~(-1)。应用于天然河水、自来水及瓶装矿泉水中锌的测定,结果令人满意。     

Determination of Copper, Lead and Cadmium in Pueraria thomsonii Benth.by AAS

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粉葛中铜的含量,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定粉葛中铅、镉的含量.在实验条件优化情况下,测定方法铜、铅、镉的检出限分别为:0.03mg·L-1、0.243μg·L-1和0.012μg·L-1,回收率在97.26％-105.60％之间,相对标准偏差均小于5％.实验结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏.所测不同产地粉葛样品中铜、铅和镉3种重金属元素含量均在《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》的限量指标内.     

三种喹诺酮类药物滤纸表面延迟荧光法研究

提出了以滤纸为基质的培氟沙星、诺氟沙星、和吡哌酸三种喹诺酮类药物的滤纸基质延迟荧光(PS-DF)分析测定的新方法。方法取样量少(1.5μL),线性动力学范围宽。培氟沙星、诺氟沙星、和吡哌酸的线性动力学范围分别为0.17～34.3,0.64～31.9,1.21～243ng·μL~(-1)。灵敏度高,检出限分别为0.018,0.066,0.093ng·μL~(-1)。应用于尿液中喹诺酮药物的含量测定,标准回收率在98.50％～104.3％之间。相对标准偏差RSD<1.9％。     

H_2O_2氧化-荧光分析法测定乌骨鸡黑色素细胞中黑色素含量

建立一种简单、准确、灵敏度高的测定乌骨鸡黑色素细胞中黑色素含量的荧光分析法。黑色素不发荧光,一旦在强烈的氧化条件下(在碱性过氧化氢中加热)被氧化后就会发出强烈的荧光,通过测量其相对荧光强度来测定细胞中黑色素的含量。利用荧光分光光度计在带宽为5 nm,扫描速度为2 400 nm·min~(-1),扫描间距为1 nm的条件下确定乌骨鸡黑色素的激发波长和发射波长。通过单因素实验筛选浓度范围在10～100μg·mL~(-1)的乌骨鸡黑色素的最佳氧化条件,对该方法的线性范围、检测限、仪器精密度、重复性等结果进行分析评价。向A375细胞(无黑色素的人的黑色素瘤细胞)样品中分别加入25, 40和80μg·mL~(-1)黑色素标准品,在最佳氧化条件下进行反应后测定细胞样品中黑色素含量。计算测定值与理论值的相对误差值,意在探究细胞中杂蛋白和脂质对黑色素定量结果的影响;向乌骨鸡黑色素细胞样品中分别加入5.00, 7.50和10.00μg的黑色素标准品,按照最佳氧化条件测定其细胞样品中总黑色素含量,并计算其加标回收率。结果表明:乌骨鸡黑色素的激发波长为354 nm,发射波长为453 nm;乌骨鸡黑色素最佳氧化条件为:pH为8,氧化温度为55℃,过氧化氢浓度范围为24%～26%,氧化时间为2 h;黑色素浓度在10～100μg·mL~(-1)范围内与相对荧光强度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.997 4,线性回归方程为b=0.014 7a+0.313 8,荧光分析法的方法检出限为0.30μg·mL~(-1),紫外分光光度法的方法检出限为3.68μg·mL~(-1);精密度实验的RSD值为1.87%,重复性实验的RSD值为4.59%;在A375细胞中加入不同质量的黑色素标准品后,测量值与理论值的相对误差分别为2.78%, 3.53%和0.25%;在乌骨鸡黑色素细胞中加入不同黑色素标准品后,测得的加标回收率分别为95.94%, 92.14%和99.83%, RSD值为4.00%;综上所述,该方法简单、准确、稳定、检测限低,且测定结果不受细胞内杂蛋白以及脂质的干扰,更适用于测定乌骨鸡黑色素细胞中黑色素的含量。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定菜籽及饼粕中铅和镉

目前菜籽及饼粕的综合利用越来越受到人们的重视,同时重金属的污染问题也日益引起人们广泛的关注,因此测定菜籽及饼粕中铅和镉的含量具有十分重要的意义。文章研究了微波消解溶剂、微波时间和压力对样品消解效果的影响,优化了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定条件,建立了一种快速检测菜籽及饼粕中铅、镉含量的有效方法。研究表明,铅、镉的检出限分别为2.172 μg·L-1(54.30 ng·g-1)、0.243 μg·L-1(6.075 ng·g-1),其线性范围分别为0～100 μg·L-1,0～8 μg·L-1;样品测定回收率在80.8%～110.7%之间,RSD小于5.3%。该法具有检出限低、灵敏度高、快速、准确的特点,用于实际样品测定的结果令人满意。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定微量锌

研究了浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定微量锌的新方法.实际样品采用微波消解,利用非离子表面活性剂TritionX-100、络合剂5-Br-PADAP浊点萃取试样中微量锌(Ⅱ).探讨了溶液pH、试剂浓度等实验条件对浊点萃取及测定灵敏度的影响.在最佳条件下,富集10.0mL的Zn2 溶液,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定,锌的检出限为4.4ng/mL(3o),富集倍数为10倍,RSD为1.21[C=0.20(μg/mL,n=5)],线性范围为0.15-1.00μg/mL.该方法用于中药及黄豆试样中锌含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

多量程原位水质总磷总氮一体式在线监测仪

针对地表水和城镇污水对于总磷(TP)总氮(TN)联合测定的需求,基于国标法提出了联合测定原理,利用顺序注射技术和微控技术建立水质总磷总氮多量程在线监测系统,完成了TP和TN的测定。总磷的测定量程分为0～1.2,1.2～2.5,2.5～5μg·mL~(-1);总氮测定量程分为0～10,10～20,20～40μg·mL~(-1)。测定范围涵盖地表水环境I～V类水和城镇污水处理厂排放标准中总磷、总氮的标准限值。利用交替最小二乘拟合算法建立了总磷与总氮测定的回归模型。实验结果表明,其校正决定系数≥0.996 4,最低检出限分别为0.01μg·mL~(-1)和0.05μg·mL~(-1),重复性相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.36%～3.84%、0.78%～3.69%,贵州七大水库实际水样数据比对中,总磷相对误差≤±3.7838%,总氮相对误差≤±3.69%。系统运行稳定,可以精准、高效地分析不同地表水样的总磷总氮,为环境保护和污水排放提供了技术支持,尤其适用于实验室、站房式、便携式在线水质监测。     

微波溶样原子吸收法测定鲍鱼中Cu, Zn, Fe和Mn的含量

文章报道了用微波消解技术及火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定鲍鱼样品中铜、锌、铁、锰含量的方法,在pH值为1.0～2.0范围内测定结果稳定,Cu~(2 ),Zn~(2 ),Fe~(3 )和Mn~(2 )的含量分别在0～6.0,0～2.5,0～6.0和0～6.0μg·mL~(-1)范围内,符合比耳定律,回收率在96.4％～103.8％之间,RSD在0.2％～3.0％之间。结果表明,该方法具有省时、节约试剂、消解完全且精确度高等优点。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

激光跟瞄仿真系统及两种跟瞄方法

基于OpenGL和大气传输光学分析的3维全数字仿真是激光跟瞄系统的重要研究手段。为提高跟踪和瞄准精度,从激光跟瞄仿真系统整体出发,研究了目标成像中的投影变换、成像与跟踪的关系、高精度跟踪现有算法的控制过程仿真等内容,并提出了基于大视口、目标大气传输图像序列的跟瞄仿真技术。说明了仿真系统中跟瞄精度分析的特点。就某仿真场景,设计了"头部顶点"和"两点提取"两种跟瞄方法,在不同大气湍流条件下得到了它们的跟瞄精度,说明应用该激光跟瞄仿真系统,能够预先设计、测试和验证一些跟瞄方法,帮助进行算法分析和改进,从而提高工作效率和节约成本。