粉末活性炭对模拟对苯二酚废水吸附研究

在静态条件下,研究了不同条件下活性炭对对苯二酚废水的吸附效果,确定了处理废水的pH值、活性炭用量、振荡时间、温度、废水中对苯二酚浓度、振荡速率以及电解质对吸附效果的影响。实验表明：活性炭在pH值为6.5,用量3.5g,温度35℃,振荡3.5h的条件下,对100mL质量浓度为100mg/L的对苯二酚模拟废水处理效果最佳。     

粉末活性炭对模拟间氨基苯酚废水吸附研究

在静态条件下,研究了活性炭对间氨基苯酚废水的吸附效果,确定了处理废水的pH值、活性炭用量、振荡时间、温度、废水中间氨基苯酚浓度、振荡速率以及电解质对吸附效果的影响。实验表明:活性炭在pH值为6.0,用量3.5g,温度40℃,振荡2.5h的条件下,对100mL质量浓度为50mg/L的间氨基苯酚模拟废水处理效果最佳。     

粉末活性炭吸附对氨基苯酚模拟废水的效果

在静态条件下,研究了活性炭吸附对氨基苯酚模拟废水的效果,确定了处理废水的pH值、活性炭用量、振荡时间、温度、废水中对氨基苯酚浓度、振荡速率以及电解质对吸附效果的影响.实验表明L活性炭在pH值为6.4,用量4.5g,温度35C,振荡2.5h的条件下,对100mL质量浓度为50mg/L的对氨基苯酚模拟废水处理效果最佳.     

核桃果皮基活性炭的氯化锌活化制备及工艺优化

以核桃果皮为原料,以氯化锌为活化剂,采用正交设计,马弗炉加热法制备了核桃果皮基活性炭,并对所得活性炭进行表征,测定了不同实验条件下制备的核桃果皮基活性炭的得率、比表面积和碘吸附值,对最优条件下制备的活性炭进行了孔径分析、红外光谱分析,Boehm法测定其表面酸性基团含量等。实验结果表明：以氯化锌为活化剂制备核桃果皮基活性炭的最佳工艺参数分别为：活化温度600 ℃,活化时间1 h,氯化锌浓度50%,粒径大小为60目。最优条件下制备的活性炭比表面积达到1 258.05 m2·g-1,中孔率为32.18%,说明核桃果皮可以制备出比表面积高的优质活性炭,不但实现了农业废料的资源化,还解决了农业废料污染的问题,同时提供了廉价的吸附剂,对于开辟活性炭原料的新来源具有重要意义。     

壳聚糖的吸附行为及其FTIR光谱研究

用自制的壳聚糖对几种酸性染料和碱性染料模拟废水进行了吸附行为的研究,考察了吸附时间、壳聚糖脱已酰度及废水pH值对吸附效果的影响。研究表明,在吸附开始的20 min内,壳聚糖对碱性品红和番红花红的吸附已基本达到平衡,且用量只为活性炭用量的2／3的情况下,对染料的吸附效果与活性炭几乎相当;它对酸性大红的吸附过程呈现一级反应动力学特征。文章还采用傅里叶变换红外光谱对壳聚糖吸附染料的机理进行了探讨,研究发现,壳聚糖分子中存在的大量羟基参与了对碱性品红和番红花红的吸附。     

低氧低分压环境下泡塑吸附原子吸收光谱法测定矿石中的金

在青海低氧低分压环境下,试样用王水分解,在王水介质中用多孔聚氨酯泡沫振荡吸附富集,然后用硫脲加热解脱,再直接用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定。通过对泡塑的吸附振荡,解脱时间,硫脲浓度等条件的探讨,确定了最佳分析条件,解决了低氧低分压环境下常量A u的测定。     

纳米硫化锌吸附脱除单质汞的实验研究

在固定床吸附实验台上研究了N_2气氛下纳米硫化锌(Nano-ZnS)对单质汞的吸附脱除特性,分析了锌硫比(Zn:S)和干燥温度等制备条件以及反应床温度对其脱汞效果的影响,并和活性炭的脱汞性能进行对比。结果表明:锌硫比和干燥温度对吸附剂的脱汞性能影响很大,锌硫比为1:0.98,干燥温度为160℃时制备出的纳米硫化锌的脱汞性能最佳;纳米硫化锌对汞的吸附以化学吸附为主,在200℃左右,吸附作用最强;与商业活性炭相比,纳米硫化锌具有更优秀的汞吸附能力以及吸附速率。     

ICP-OES研究活性炭无纺布对镉的吸附

重金属污染是一个相当严重的环境问题。镉具有很强的生物毒性和不可降解性,对生态环境和人体健康有极大威胁,被列为优先控制污染物。环境中镉的主要污染源是电镀、采矿和化学工业等部门的废水,如何简单高效去除水中的镉,有重要的社会意义和经济意义。目前,水中重金属的去除方法有化学沉淀、膜分离、离子交换、吸附、电解等,其中吸附法因简单高效而广泛应用。活性炭纤维是一种新型活性炭,孔径小且均匀,表面官能团发达,吸附性能好,逐步应用于水处理领域。以电感耦合等离子体光谱为检测手段,佐以比表面积分析,X射线衍射,元素分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱,研究比较了三种活性炭纤维(纤维炭网、活性炭无纺布、活性炭纤维毡)的结构特点及其对水中镉的吸附性能。三种活性炭纤维结构基本类似,具有较发达的孔隙结构。活性炭无纺布极性较强,表面有丰富的羟基、羧基、醛基等含氧官能团,对水中镉的吸附作用最大。因此,选择活性炭无纺布为吸附剂进行后续实验。研究了活性炭无纺布吸附镉的影响因素,如溶液pH,吸附时间等。溶液pH影响吸附剂表面电荷及水中镉的存在状态。水中镉的去除效率随溶液初始pH的增大而增大,在较低pH时,吸附剂与Cd2+间存在静电斥力,同时H+和Cd2+存在竞争吸附,pH>9时,镉的去除是吸附与沉淀协同作用的结果,选择pH为6～7。在吸附的初始阶段,活性炭无纺布对Cd2+的吸附量迅速增加,10 min时,吸附率达到72%。随着吸附位点逐渐被Cd2+所填充,吸附速率逐渐变慢,300 min时,吸附容量基本无变化,吸附趋于平衡。优化了镉的吸附条件后,进行等温吸附实验和动力学实验。结果表明,25 ℃时,吸附时间为300 min,pH 6.0条件下,当镉的平衡浓度在20.00 mg·L-1时,活性炭无纺布对镉的单位质量吸附量和单位比表面积吸附量分别是3.04 mg·g-1和0.035 mg·m-2。用Langmuir方程(R2=0.997, K_L =1.796 L·mg-1)和Freundich方程(R2=0.895, K_F=0.918 L·mg-1, n=2.12)拟合活性炭无纺布对镉的等温吸附数据,Langmuir方程计算的理论吸附量为3.07 mg·g-1,与实验值相当,并且线性系数更高,说明该体系的吸附符合Langmuir方程,主要为单分子层吸附。Langmuir分离因子介于0和1之间,表明活性炭无纺布对镉的吸附容易进行。用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程、颗粒内扩散方程和Elovich方程四种动力学模型拟合吸附过程。在吸附的前5 min,镉在活性炭无纺布上的吸附符合颗粒内扩散方程(R2=0.985),吸附主要受颗粒内扩散控制。在吸附的5～300 min,颗粒内扩散方程拟合较差。整个吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程(R2=0.999,k₂=0.367 g·mg-1·min-1),Elovich方程(R2=0.981,a=0.271 mg·g-1, b=0.083 mg·g-1·(lg min)-1)和准一级动力学方程(R2=0.927,k₁=0.008 8 min-1)次之,颗粒内扩散方程(R2=0.785)最差。活性炭无纺布对镉的吸附过程是一种化学作用为主的吸附过程。对5.00 mg·L-1含镉水样,活性炭无纺布投放量为10 g·L-1时,吸附后水中镉的浓度小于0.10 mg·L-1,符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)。活性炭无纺布可同时吸附镉,铜,铅,铬等重金属离子,选择性较差。但在电镀、采矿等实际废水中重金属种类复杂,适当提高吸附剂投放量,可同时去除多种重金属。利用活性炭无纺布吸附处理含镉水样,处理效果好、操作简单,可以作为去除水中镉的吸附剂,为含镉废水的处理提供了技术支持和理论基础。     

固化块状活性炭--甲醇的吸附性能实验分析

为提高固体吸附式制冷系统中吸附床的有效传热,本文提出了一种具有较高导热系数和较快吸附速度的固化块状活性炭,并对其物性和吸附性能进行实验研究.针对采用不同材料配比的块状活性炭,测试了活性炭-甲醇在吸附温度35℃,蒸发温度3～5℃条件下的吸附性能曲线,对比分析了粘结剂比例、固化密度及不同的床换热条件对吸附性能的影响,并由此给出了块状活性炭作吸附剂时的合适的粘结剂比例、固化密度、吸附制冷循环中的循环吸附量和循环时间.     

传热与传质性能对余热吸附制冰机的影响

文中选用甲醇为制冷剂,对散装活性炭与块状活性炭的吸附式制冰在传热、传质方面进行了试验对比研究,结果表明,散装活性炭在有回热回质条件下COP可以大幅度提高。块状活性炭的传热系数远远好于散装活性炭。在块状活性炭吸附床的传质问题解决后,每个吸附床的吸附剂为48 kg时,两床系统有望实现日制冰600 kg。     

Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of methylene blue on a low-cost adsorbent recovered from a spent catalyst of vinyl acetate synthesis

A regenerated activated carbon used as catalyst support in the synthesis of vinyl acetate has been tested as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of dyes. After a thorough textural characterization of the regenerated activated carbon, its adsorption isotherms and kinetics were determined using methylene blue as model compound at different initial concentrations. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were developed and then compared. It was found that the equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetic data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, and it was found that the best fitting corresponded to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results showed that this novel adsorbent had a high adsorption capacity, making it suitable for use in the treatment of methylene blue enriched wastewater.     

Preparation of activated carbon from a renewable bio-plant of Euphorbia rigida by H2SO4 activation and its adsorption behavior in aqueous solutions

The use of activated carbon obtained from Euphorbia rigida for the removal of a basic textile dye, which is methylene blue, from aqueous solutions at various contact times, pHs and temperatures was investigated. The plant material was chemically modified with H₂SO₄. The surface area of chemically modified activated carbon was 741.2 m² g⁻¹. The surface characterization of both plant- and activated carbon was undertaken using FTIR spectroscopic technique. The adsorption process attains equilibrium within 60 min. The experimental data indicated that the adsorption isotherms are well described by the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm equation and the calculated adsorption capacity of activated carbon was 114.45 mg g⁻¹ at 40° C. The adsorption kinetics of methylene blue obeys the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and also followed by the intraparticle diffusion model up to 60 min. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated to estimate the nature of adsorption. The activation energy of the system was calculated as 55.51 kJ mol⁻¹. According to these results, prepared activated carbon could be used as a low-cost adsorbent to compare with the commercial activated carbon for the removal textile dyes from textile wastewater processes.     

Preparation of activated carbon from Enteromorpha prolifera and its use on cationic red X-GRL removal

Enteromorpha prolifera was pyrolyzed to prepare activated carbon using chemical activation by zinc chloride. The effect of activation parameters such as activation temperature, weight ratio (Enteromorpha prolifera to ZnCl₂), and activation time was investigated. The BET results showed that the surface area and pore volume of activated carbons were achieved as high as 1722 m²/g and 1.11 cm³/g, respectively, in the optimal activation conditions. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to study the adsorption properties of cationic red X-GRL onto activated carbon by varying the parameters like initial solution pH, contact time, and temperature. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption data followed a pseudo second-order model. The isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption data could be represented by the Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of cationic red X-GRL was estimated as 263.16 mg/g at pH 6.0.     

Study on the effect of oxidation-ultrasound treatment on the electrochemical properties of activated carbon materials

Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used in water treatment because of its rich pore structure, large specific surface area, simple production process, low preparation cost and wide source of raw materials. In this paper, the regeneration efficiency of low-frequency ultrasonic pretreatment (40 kHz, 115Μw/cm³) on biological activated carbon (BAC) is investigated, and its principle is discussed. The results show that the micro-jet and micro-liquid flow with high temperature and pressure produced by micro-bubble rupture during ultrasonic cavitation play an important role in the regeneration of activated carbon. And optimum ultrasonic treatment time is determined (5 min). In addition, the preparation of cu-loaded activated carbon by ultrasound-microwave method is investigated to pretreat wastewater produced in paracetamol production. The results show that Cu and Cu oxides can be loaded on activated carbon surface by ultrasonic-microwave pretreatment. Finally, the pretreatments of activated carbon by physical, chemical and physical–chemical method are investigated. The effects of the above different pretreatment methods on the structure and adsorption properties of activated carbon are compared and evaluated     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions using carbon nanoporous adsorbent coated with polymer

Phenolic compounds are a widespread class of water pollutants that are known to cause serious human health problems; and the demand for effective adsorbents for the removal of toxic compounds is increasing.In this work adsorption of phenol, resorcinol and p-cresol on mesoporous carbon material (CMK-1) and modified with polyaniline polymer (CMK-1/PANI) has been investigated in attempt to explore the possibility of using nanoporous carbon as an efficient adsorbent for pollutants. It was found that CMK-1/PANI exhibits significant adsorption for phenolic derivatives. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to study the effect of various parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, initial concentration and contact time. From the sorption studies it was observed that the uptake of resorcinol was higher than other phenolic derivatives. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were used to model the equilibrium adsorption data for phenolic compounds.     

Covalent marriage of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) by silicon coupling reagents

In this study, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer was covalently bonded to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with the aid of γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) for the fabrication of novel porous materials with special surface properties. The success of synthesis and physicochemical properties of β-CD polymer grafted MWNTs (MWNTs-g-CDP) were characterized by FT-IR, XPS, TGA, TEM and BET. The novel materials were further utilized to remove the typical contaminant of resorcinol in industrial wastewater. The results illustrated that MWNTs-g-CDP possessed much higher adsorption capability and demonstrated the shorter saturation adsorption time than that of pristine MWNTs. Therefore, MWNTs-g-CDP with the unique pore and surface characteristics may have great potentials in environmental applications.     

CO2活化温度对碳气凝胶结构及氢吸附性能影响

 以间苯二酚(R)和甲醛(F)为前驱体制备出RF碳气凝胶,并利用CO₂气体对其进行活化,通过热重分析(TG)、X射线衍射(XRD)、氢吸附等表征手段研究了活化过程中温度对碳气凝胶微结构及氢吸附性能的影响。结果表明：CO₂活化可使碳气凝胶比表面积大幅提高,且不会影响其微孔网络结构。随着活化温度的升高,碳气凝胶非晶性变得更加明显,失重率显著增加,微孔体积、比表面积及氢吸附量先增后减,有望通过改变CO₂活化温度增加碳气凝胶微孔数量来提高其氢吸附性能。