ANALYSIS OF WAVEFORM ERRORS IN MILLIMETER-WAVE LFMCW SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR

In remote sensing applications, there is a special interest in the lightweight, cost effective, and high resolution imaging sensors. The combination of linearly frequency modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) technology and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique can lead to such a sensor. This paper concentrates on the analysis of waveform errors in millimeter-wave (MMW) LFMCW SAR. The generating scheme of millimeter-wave LFMCW waveforms with phase locked loop (PLL) and direct digital synthesizer (DDS) combined frequency synthesizer is investigated. The impacts of quantization errors, spurs, and frequency nonlinearities are analyzed. Simulation results show that the quality of LFMCW waveforms has a direct influence on the SAR images. Hence a scheme of frequency synthesizer to achieve high performance MMW LFMCW waveform is proposed. This synthesizer driven by a DDS array can adaptive suppress the spurious level without degradation of excellent frequency linearity and fast switching speed.     

Design of 3?mm Band Hopping Frequency Synthesizer

With the combination of the technique of PLL, DDS and multiplier, a 3 mm band hopping frequency synthesizer with high frequency stability and low phase noise has been presented, which is characterized by nice performances. The design includes an X-band hopping frequency source, which is the LO for millimeter-wave harmonic mixing. Once the interim frequency being locked by the phase-locked loop, the corresponding 3 mm hopping frequency would be locked. Measurement result shows that the output frequency is 93.24∼93.748 GHz, the bandwidth is 508 MHz, the stepping frequency is 4 MHz, and the phase noise is about -82dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset.     

高场核磁共振波谱仪频率合成器设计

提出了一种基于锁相环(Phase-locked Loop, PLL)与直接数字合成(Direct Digital Synthesis, DSS)等技术相结合的高场核磁共振波谱仪频率合成器设计方案．该系统以单片机为控制器完成算法运行、参数配置和CAN 总线通信功能,运用PLL 技术和DDS 技术相结合的频率合成方案,通过两次混频,使频率粗调和细调灵活可控,实现宽带低噪声频率输出．将该频率合成器用于自主研制开发的核磁共振波谱仪上进行实验验证,测试得到的线形和灵敏度均达到指标要求,结果证明该设计方案具有可行性．     

宽带低相噪频率合成器的设计与实现

介绍了一种宽带、 高分辨率和低相噪频率合成器的设计与实现方案. 该频率合成器包含3个部分：(1) STM32处理器部分,作为频率合成器的控制器并为其提供远程控制的CAN总线接口;(2) 时钟分配单元,用于产生固定频率的参考信号和输出频率的精确调整;(3) 三混频部分,以30 MHz的步进改变频率合成器的输出频率. 将该频率合成器应用在自主研发的500 MHz液体高分辨率NMR谱仪上,测试了¹H NMR标样样品的灵敏度,实验结果证明了该方案的可行性.     

一种铷原子频标频率综合器新方案的设计与实现

数字化和小型化是铷原子频标（RAFS）发展的重要方向．在传统铷原子频标电路中,6 840 MHz微波信号与频率综合器产生的5.312 5 MHz信号进行混频,得到用于激励铷原子跃迁的6 834.687 5 MHz微波探寻信号．早期铷频标的频率综合器大量使用了分立的模拟器件,数字化程度低、参数优化工作繁杂、电路体积较大．目前常用直接数字频率合成器（DDS）方案直接产生5.312 5 MHz信号,但这种数字电路方案通常需要对10 MHz信号进行倍频,它存在频谱纯度较低、相位噪声高等缺点．本文介绍一种产生5.312 5 MHz信号的频率综合器解决方案,这种设计方案在应用DDS器件时无需使用10 MHz倍频电路,它具有频谱纯度较高、相位噪声低、输出频率和相位可调等优点．     

小型化铷原子钟高精度频率调节电路设计

在GPS驯服铷钟等相关应用领域中，小型化铷原子钟的频率调节精度是一项重要性能指标．该性能一般由铷钟整机系统中倍频综合器的数字锁相环（PLL）分辨率决定．目前作者所在的课题组研制了一款小型化高性能铷原子钟，具有良好的稳定度指标，但其频率调节无法满足高精度的需求．针对这一问题，本文对原小型化铷原子钟的倍频综合电路进行了分析研究和改进设计，基于一款高精度直接数字频率合成器（DDS）芯片设计了一种小数倍频综合电路，在保证小型化铷原子钟仍具有高稳定度指标的同时，实现了其高精度频率调节的功能．     

Phase Noise Analysis and Estimate of Millimeter Wave PLL Frequency Synthesizer

Phase noise is an important index in evaluating the performance of millimeter wave (MMW) frequency source. Because of the high frequency, it is difficult to measure its phase noise directly. So it is very necessary to find new methods for estimating it effectively and easily. In this paper, the main factors affecting phase noise of MMW PLL frequency source are analyzed, and then a new method to estimate the phase noise is presented, which is based on the comparison of the phase noise of microwave phase-locked frequency source with phase-locked intermediate frequency in MMW phase-locked loop. In order to demonstrate the validity of this method of phase noise estimate, it is applied to estimate the phase noise of 95GHz double PLL frequency synthesizer. The result shows that the theoretical estimate value is well coincident with the experimental value.     

A Millimeter Wave Phase Locked and Frequency Multiplying Source

A millimeter wave phase locked and frequency multiplying source is proposed in this paper. The design includes an X-band phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer as the base frequency source, and a monolithic millimeter wave frequency tripler, which is developed by using OMMIC 0.18μm pHEMT process. The PLL and the tripler are integrated in a single circuit board to make a low-cost and compact frequency source with the size of 6cm × 5cm. Measurement shows an output power of more than 4.8dBm at the frequency range from 35 to 36.7GHz. A phase noise of about -92dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset is achieved.     

夹心式压电换能器的谐振频率跟踪方案设计

分析了夹心式压电换能器的阻抗特性,讨论了基于相位方式的现有跟踪方案的不足,提出了一种新的频率跟踪方案,介绍了实现该方案的电路系统。该方案的特点是:采用先扫频后跟踪的策略,解决了频率范围设定难的问题;增加解锁控制,使得系统在死锁或误跟踪时自动回到频率搜索状态;采用直接数字合成器(DDS)作为频率调整和信号产生的器件,实现了全数字系统,调整方便,精度高;采用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)做相位比较和DDS控制,使频率跟踪速度快,并且跟踪精度和速度均可控制。     

An optical mm-wave generation scheme by frequency octupling using a nested MMI

A novel method of a filterless optical millimeter-wave (MMW) signal generation with frequency octupling via a nested multimode interference (MMI) coupler is proposed for Radio-over-fiber systems. By setting the DC bias voltage applied to the central arms of MMI-b and MMI-c accurately, the optical carrier can be completely suppressed. The OSSR can be as high as about 58 dB without optical filter and the radio frequency spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR) exceeds 32 dB, which is the best result as we know. Simulation results suggest that when the generated optical mm-wave signal is transmitted along the standard single-mode fiber, the eye diagram is still opened after being transmitted over a 50 km fiber.     

纳米分辨率外差干涉信号处理电路相位畸变的实验研究

外差干涉是实现纳米精度长度测量的重要手段。采用电子倍频、混频、高频计数的方法可处理外差信号实现亚纳米分辨率,具有电路简单、能计大数的优点,但会引入电子信号的相位畸变,引入测量的动态误差。本文通过理论和实验分析了这一误差,表明在电子倍频中锁相环引起的相位畸变仅在亚纳米量级,但在混频环节中带通滤波器引入的相位畸变则可达几纳米,引入较严重的误差。本文通过采用低频差横向塞曼激光器产生３２０ｋＨｚ的外差信号,并采用ＦＰＧＡ技术实现倍频后的高频率信号直接计数,省略混频环节,从而实现了高测量分辨率并避免了这一误差。     

高超噪比宽带毫米波噪声信号光子学产生研究

受电子器件工作频率及功率的限制,传统电子学方法产生的噪声源的超噪比通常小于20 dB,针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于非相干光拍频产生高超噪比宽带毫米波噪声技术.首先,用两个光滤波器对宽带放大自发辐射光源进行滤波整形.将获得的两束频率不同的放大自发辐射光耦合进入光电探测器进行拍频,从而产生电噪声信号.理论分析发现,通过...     

A novel frequency sextupling scheme for optical mm-wave generation utilizing an integrated dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator

A novel scheme is proposed for frequency sextupling mm-wave generation based on a laser and an integrated dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) without optical filter. Theoretical analysis is presented to suppress the undesired optical sidebands for the high quality generation of frequency sextupling mm-wave signal. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by simulations. Utilizing the integrated MZM consisted of two sub-MZMs with extinction ratio of 30 dB, the optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) is as high as 29.9 dB and the radio frequency spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR) exceeds 24 dB without any optical or electrical filter. The impact of the nonideal RF driven voltage and phase difference of RF driven signal applied to two sub-MZMs of the integrated MZM on OSSR and RFSSR is discussed and analyzed. After transmission over fiber, the generated optical mm-wave signal demonstrates good performance. Furthermore, the performance of two cases for the proposed scheme is also compared.     

激光微多普勒探测系统中降低相位噪音影响的方法研究

相干微多普勒激光雷达具有探测灵敏度高、探测信息量大等特点,特别适合于动目标探测、目标特征识别等应用.本文从线宽和探测距离两个方面讨论了模场相位随机起伏（相位噪音）对于测速准确度的影响,实验证实了相位噪音对激光微多普勒探测的影响,并探索出解决上述问题的方法——光纤补偿法.实验中,以输出波长为1.064 μm单块非平面环形腔激光器为光源,利用光纤补偿方法,并结合时频变换的算法,用外差探测的方式成功观测到了微多普勒频移,在传输距离为11 km时,系统最低探测速度达到了0.5 mm/s,速度分辨率达到了mm/s量级,频率分辨率达到了kHz量级,为微多普勒激光雷达的实际应用奠定了良好的实验基础.     

数字BPM时钟锁相电路的设计与实现

为实现数字BPM时钟系统的锁相,设计了一种基于锁相环同步原理的低抖动、低相位噪声的时钟同步系统。根据锁相环电路工作原理,对数字BPM时钟同步系统的硬件及固件程序进行了设计,实现了外部输入时钟信号与系统内部产生的主工作时钟信号的锁相,并且时钟信号输出的频率及相位均可调整以满足后端ADC采样的要求。测试结果表明,设计可以完成对一定频率范围内变化的外部输入时钟信号的锁相,输出时钟信号抖动满足束流实验要求,为数字BPM后续算法研究提供了基础。     

HL-2Mװ��LHCDϵͳ3.7GHz΢������Դ���

介绍了HL-2M装置低混杂波系统中3.7GHz微波激励源的设计。微波激励源设计为模块化形式,由3.7GHz点频固态源单元、功率分配器单元、功率放大器单元和现场控制器单元等组成。微波激励源有8路输出端口,每个端口的输出功率在0~10W范围内连续可调,并可以实现远程控制输出功率;采用取样鉴相锁相环技术使微波输出信号具有相位噪声低、频率稳定度高、杂散抑制好等优点。频偏1kHz时,相位噪声是-115dBc/Hz,频偏10kHz时,相位噪声是-117dBc/Hz,频偏100kHz时,相位噪声是-122dBc/Hz;输出频率稳定度≤0.03ppm/30min;杂散抑制≤-80dBc。     

基于MAP的高光谱图像超分辨率方法

高光谱图像得到了越来越广泛的应用,但较低的空间分辨率严重地影响着它的应用效果;其超分辨率方法受到学术界的高度重视,但一直没有得到很好的解决。为此重点研究了建立低分辨率资源图像与高分辨率目标图像之间的关系模型;引入关联感兴趣光谱端元的算子进行空间变换;应用最大后验概率(MAP)算法实现超分辨率复原。实验表明,该超分辨率方法具有超分辨率效果好、复杂度低、抗噪声性能强和保护感兴趣类别等优点。     

高精度球面阵聚焦声源定位方法研究

提出了一种高精度高空间分辨率球面阵聚焦声源定位方法——虚拟源法。该方法通过球面阵波束扫描获得实际声源的空间聚焦谱,并假定各扫描点为虚拟声源,将实际声源聚焦谱看作是全体虚拟源共同作用的结果,由此得到各虚拟源对声场的贡献量,从而可实现声源精确定位。仿真研究分析了频率,阵列孔径,声场模态阶数,信噪比等参数对声源定位性能的影响,并与常规算法进行对比。结果显示,该方法不受频率和阵列孔径的限制,避免了空间“混淆”,能够进行高精度高分辨率声源定位,并具有良好的背景噪声抑制能力。      

用于铯芯片级原子钟的4.596 GHz射频源研制

芯片级原子钟主要包括射频模块、物理封装模块以及其他的外围控制模块。射频模块的设计关系到芯片级原子钟的短期稳定度,所以射频模块在芯片级原子钟的设计时是非常重要的一部分。本文利用数字锁相环技术实现频率为4.596 GHz的射频源,射频源由三部分组成,包括小数分频频率综合器、压控振荡器和环路滤波器。数字锁相环具有相位噪声低,频谱稳定度高等特点。此外,由于小数分频频率综合器是可编程的,可以通过配置N分频器与R分频器实现输出频率的快速扫描。与此同时,根据相关公式,可以计算出三阶无源环路滤波器的近似参数值,所设计的环路滤波器具有300 kHz的环路带宽以及55的相位裕度。最后,整个基于数字锁相环技术实现的射频源通过仿真、硬件实现以及测试。测试结果显示,射频源的相位噪声为-74.02 dBc/Hz@300 Hz,符合芯片级原子钟射频源的设计要求。