用动量为70亿电子伏/c和80亿电子伏/c的π-介子产生Ξ-超子

本文研究了用动量为68亿电子伏/c和80亿电子伏/c的刀π^-介子产生Ξ^-超子,得到了π^-介子的动量为68和80亿电子伏/c的Ξ^-产生的截面(当68亿电子伏/c时σ=3.6_-2.1^+2.5μδ/N,当80亿电子伏/c时σ=10.6_-3.2^+4.4μδ/N),Ξ^-的质量(M_Ξ^-=1317.0±2.2兆电子伏)和Ξ的寿命τ₀=3.5_-1.2^+3.4×10^-10秒。     

金原子团簇的分频散射光谱研究

液相金原子团簇是一种非线性光学介质.它在580nm处产生一个最强共振散射峰.当激发波长为290nm(1.03×10¹⁵Hz)时,液相金原子团簇在580nm(1/2×1.03×10¹⁵Hz)和870nm(1/3×1.03×10¹⁵Hz)分别产生一个1/2分频和1/3分频散射峰;当激发波长为580nm(5.02×10¹⁴Hz)时在290nm(2×5.02×10^-14Hz)和870nm(2/3×5.02×10¹⁴Hz)分别产生一个2倍频和2/3分频散射峰;当激发波长为870nm(3.34×10¹⁴Hz)时在580nm(3/2×3.34×10¹⁴Hz)和290nm(3×3.34×10¹⁴Hz)分别产生一个3/2分频和3倍频散射峰.分频散射和倍频散射峰与共振散射峰具有相似的散射行为.从激励光与液相金原子团簇相互作用的运动方程出发,根据傅氏变换理论,较好地解释了液相金原子团簇产生的一些非线性散射光谱.     

基于沉淀工艺制作四脚氧化锌纳米材料场致发射阴极的研究

采用沉淀法制备四脚氧化锌纳米材料场致发射阴极，将阴极和荧光屏封装起来抽真空并对屏施加电压，测试阴极的发射电流和荧光屏的发光亮度.利用沉淀法制备出面积为(13×15) cm²的阴极，测试结果表明，硅酸钾体积百分比在50×10^-3—83×10^-3范围，硝酸钡浓度在50×10^-4—77×10^-4 M范围，四脚氧化锌的浓度在82×10^-4—12×10^{-3相似文献}   

LiNbO3和LiTaO3晶体Er3+/Yb3+掺杂水热外延层室温吸收光谱分析

本文引入与浓度和厚度有关的k_NL待定参数, 在J-O理论基础上, 对Er³⁺/Yb³⁺掺杂的LiNbO₃和LiTaO₃单晶衬底上 的多晶水热外延样品进行了基于吸收光谱的拟合计算. LiNbO₃:Ω₂=2.34× 10^-20 cm², Ω₄=0.77× 10^-20 cm², Ω₆=0.31×10^-20 cm², k_NL=4.32× 10^-2 mol·m^-2. LiTaO₃:Ω₂=1.68×10^-20 cm², Ω₄=0.84×10^-20 cm², Ω₆=0.45×10^-20 cm², k_NL=9.17×10^-3 mol· m^-2. 该方法可尝试推广到粉体或胶体等难以直接获得浓度和厚度数据的体系. 经上转换发光测试及光谱参数计分析认为Er³⁺/Yb³⁺离子的掺杂浓度比为1:1的情况下, 样品呈现绿色上转换发光光谱; 可尝试以降低基质声子能量的方法提高⁴I_13/2能级 对²H_11/2和⁴S_3/2能级的量子剪裁效率.     

矿质氧化物表面过氧化氢的非均相过程研究

利用努森池反应器研究了过氧化氢与大气矿质氧化物的非均相过程,其初始摄取系数分别为(1.00±0.11)×10^-4 (σ-Al₂O₃)、(1.66±0.23)×10^-4 (MgO)、(5.22±0.9)×10^-5 (SiO₂)、(9.70±1.95)×1010^-5 (Fe₂O₃). 除SiO_{2相似文献}   

Cl/HN3/I2全气相化学激光体系的化学动力学模拟计算

 对Cl/HN₃/I₂产生NCl(a)/I激光的过程进行了化学动力学计算，主要考察了Cl,HN₃和I₂的初始粒子数密度及其配比对小信号增益系数的影响。结果发现,当温度为400K, 初始Cl粒子数密度为1×10¹⁵，1×10¹⁶和1×10¹⁷cm^-3时,小信号增益系数分别达到1.6×10^-4,1.1×10^-3和1.1×10^-2cm^-1，获得最佳小信号增益系数的HN₃和I₂的初始粒子数密度分别为初始Cl粒子数密度的1～2倍和2%～4%。同时，对Cl，HN₃和I₂配比对小信号增益系数和增益持续时间的影响进行了讨论。     

克里奇中间体CH2OO与CF3CF=CF2反应的动力学研究

本文使用OH激光诱导荧光方法研究了结构最简单的克里奇中间体CH₂OO和CF₃CF=CF₂的反应动力学. 在压强为10 Torr条件下，测量了温度在283，298，308和318 K的反应速率常数，分别为(1.45±0.14)×10^-13，(1.18±0.11)×10^-13，(1.11±0.08)×10^-13和(1.04±0.08)×10^-13 cm³·molecule^-1·s^-1. 根据阿伦尼乌斯方程，获得该反应的活化能为(-1.66±0.21) kcal/mol. 在6.3∽70 torr压力范围内，未观察到该反应的速率常数存在压力相关.     

钨酸钇钠晶体中Tm3+的光谱特性

测量了Tm³⁺:NaY(WO4)₂晶体的吸收光谱、发射光谱和激发光谱，利用J_O理论计算了钨酸钇钠晶体的强度参数：Ω₂=7.21304×10^-20cm²，Ω4=0.504766×10^-20cm²，Ω6=0.977784 ×10^-20cm²，以及Tm³⁺光学参数包括各能级的荧光寿命和荧光分支     

Preparation and Characterization of Storage and Emission Functional Material of Chlorine Anion: [Ca24Al28O64]4+·(Cl-)3.80(O2-)0.10

通过碳酸钙、γ-三氧化二铝、氯化钙在氯气/氩气混合气气氛下的固态反应制备了一种氯负离子存储-发射功能材料[Ca₂₄Al₂₈O₆₄]⁴⁺·(Cl^-)_3.80(O^2-)_0.10(C12A7-Cl^-)．通过离子色谱、电子顺磁共振、拉曼光谱验证,C12A7-Cl^-材料中存储的负离子主要是氯负离子,浓度为(2.21±0.24)×10²¹ cm^-3,此外还有小部分的氧二价负离子、氧负离子、氧分子负离子．这与通过飞行时间质谱得到的结果一致：从C12A7-Cl^-材料表面发射出的负离子主要是氯负离子(大约90%),还有小部分的氧负离子和电子．材料结构和表观变化分别由X射线衍射和场发射扫描电子显微镜表征     

利用交流阻抗谱揭示Ir(111)电极在酸性溶液中的氢吸附动力学

本文利用阻抗谱研究Ir(111)电极在HClO₄和H₂SO₄中溶液中的氢吸附行为. 在HClO₄溶液中,随着施加电位从0.2 V降到0.1 V(vs RHE),Ir(111)电极上氢吸附速率从1.74×10^-8 mol·cm^-2·s^-1增大到 3.47×10^-7 mol·cm^-2·s^-1 . 与相同条件下Pt(111)电极上的氢吸附速率相比,Ir(111)上的氢吸附速率要小1∽2个数量级,这是由于Ir(111)电极与H₂O结合能力更强,因此位于水合氢键网络中的氢离子需要克服更高的能垒才能重新定向进而发生欠电位沉积. 在H₂SO₄溶液中,氢吸附电位负移了200 mV,吸附速率也下降了一个数量级,这是由于Ir(111)电极表面强吸附的硫酸根/硫酸氢根物种的阻碍作用. 结果表明,在电化学环境下,位于电极表面附近的水分子的取代和重新定向在很大程度上影响了氢吸附过程.     

Voltammetric behaviors of an emerging pollutant benzotriazole on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)—Nafion modified electrode in various pH mediums

The electrochemical behaviors of an emerging pollutant, benzotriazole (BTA), at multiwall carbon nanotubes and Nafion modified glassy carbon electrode (MWNTs-Nafion/GCE) were investigated systematically. The electrochemical reduction of BTA was significantly improved by MWNTs-Nafion compared to bare GCE, ascribed to the excellent adsorption capacity and electrocatalytic activity of MWNTs. BTA presented well-defined reduction peaks only at pH <3.0, suggesting the involvement of lots of protons in the reduction process. Peak potential shifted negatively and peak current decreased significantly with pH increase. BTA showed various UV–Vis absorption spectra in acidic and alkaline mediums. Cathodic peak current increased linearly with square root of sweep rate as well as with the concentration of BTA from 3.0?×?10^?6 to 1.6?×?10^?4 mol L^?1. This suggests a diffusion-controlled and irreversible electrode process. Diffusion coefficient of BTA on MWNTs-Nafion/GCE was obtained as 2.67?×?10^?2 cm² s^?1 with four orders of magnitude larger than that on GCE. MWNTs-Nafion/GCE showed a good selectivity between BTA and O₂ but poor selectivity between BTA and tolyltriazole.     

Electrochemical detection of aqueous nitrite based on poly(aniline-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">o</Emphasis>-aminophenol)-modified glassy carbon electrode

Nitrite is a common contaminant in drinking water and groundwater with high environmental and health risks. Electrochemical sensing method is a selective and easy technique to detect nitrite in water. In this study, we report a research about a poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol)-modified glassy carbon electrode (PAOA/GCE) for aqueous nitrite detection. With stable redox activity and conductivity in a wide pH range compared with polyaniline, PAOA is suitable to be used as electrode material in a neutral medium. The PAOA/GCE was prepared by cyclic voltammogram method by electrochemical copolymerization of o-aminophenol and aniline. SEM and FT-IR results proved the formation of PAOA, and the electrode exhibited higher responses toward nitrite oxidation compared with polyaniline-modified GCE and bare GCE. We also studied the impact of scan rate, pH, and temperature on nitrite detection. The PAOA/GCE could be used in a wide pH range from 2 to 8 and used to detect nitrite in the linear range from 5.0 × 10^?6 to 2.0 × 10^?3 M with the detection limit of 2 × 10^?6 M. Its excellent reproducibility, stability, and anti-interference ability make it a promising electrode in detecting aqueous nitrite in drinking water and groundwater.     

Enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of hydroxylamine on Pt/polypyrrole composite modified glassy carbon electrode

A sensitive hydroxylamine sensor is developed by electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles on pre-synthesized polypyrrole nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. The modified electrode presents distinctly electrocatalytic activity toward hydroxylamine oxidation. The kinetic parameters such as the overall numbers of electrons involved in hydroxylamine oxidation, the electron transfer coefficient, standard heterogeneous rate constant, and diffusion coefficient are evaluated. The current response increases linearly with increasing hydroxylamine concentrations and exhibits two wide linear ranges of 5.0?×?10^?7–1.1?×?10^?3 and 1.1?×?10^?3–18.8?×?10^?3 M with a detection limit of 0.08 μM (s/n?=?3). The proposed electrode presents excellent operational and storage ability for determining hydroxylamine. Moreover, the sensor shows good sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility properties.     

Electrochemical and catalytic investigations of epinephrine,acetaminophen and folic acid at the surface of titanium dioxide nanoparticle-modified carbon paste electrode

In the present paper, the use of a carbon paste electrode modified with 1-(4-(1, 3-dithiolan-2-yl)-6, 7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6, 7-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)ethanone (DDE) and TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by a simple and rapid method was described. The modified electrode showed excellent properties for electrocatalytic oxidization of epinephrine (EP), acetaminophen (AC) and folic acid (FA). The apparent charge transfer rate constant, k _s?=?1.14 s^?1, and transfer coefficient, α?=?0.54, for electron transfer between the modifier and carbon paste electrode were calculated. It has been found that under optimum condition (pH?=?7.0) in cyclic voltammetry, the oxidation of EP occurs at a potential about 280 mV less positive than that of an unmodified carbon paste electrode. The values of transfer coefficients (α?=?0.46), catalytic rate constant (k?=?1.2?×?10⁴ M^?1 s^?1) and diffusion coefficient (D?=?2.70?×?10^?5 cm² s^?1) were calculated for EP. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) exhibited two linear dynamic ranges of 0.5 to 50.0 μM and 50.0 to 1,000 μM for EP. This modified electrode is quite effective not only for the detection of EP, AC and FA but also for the simultaneous determination of these species in a mixture. The limit of detection for EP, AC and FA is 0.10, 1.80 and 2.36 μM, respectively.     

Electrochemical methods for determination of thymine in medical pipefish samples based on HPMαFP/Ppy/GCE-modified electrode

A sensitive electrochemical method was developed for the voltammetric determination of thymine at a composite film-modified electrode 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(2-furoyl)-5-pyrazolone (HPMαFP)/polypyrrole (Ppy)/glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electrochemical parameters of thymine were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. In pH?=?7.4, one sensitive oxidation peak of thymine with E _pa?=?0.968 V was observed on the HPMαFP/PPy-modified electrode. The difference of peak potential (?E _pa) was 188 mV lower than that for bare GCE. Compared to the bare GCE and Ppy/GCE, the HPMαFP/Ppy/GCE-modified electrode showed an excellent electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation of thymine and displayed a shift of the oxidation potential in the negative direction with significant increase in the peak current. Under the optimum condition, the concentration calibration range and detection limit are 2?×?10^?6–1?×?10^?4 and 4.85?×?10^?7?M for thymine. This developed method had been applied to the direct determination of thymine in medical pipefish samples with satisfactory results.     

Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction of OH radical with α-pinene: an experimental and computational study

The rate coefficient for the gas-phase reaction of OH radical with α-pinene was measured at 298 K using relative rate methods, with propylene as a reference compound. The ratio of the rate coefficient for the reaction of OH radicals with α-pinene to that of with OH radicals with propylene was measured to be 1.77 ± 0.21. Considering the absolute value of the rate coefficient of the reaction of OH radicals with propylene as (3.01 ± 0.42)×10^?11 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1, the rate coefficient for the reaction of OH radicals with α-pinene was determined to be (5.33 ± 0.79)×10^?11 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1. To gain a deeper insight into the reaction mechanism, theoretical calculations were also carried out on this reaction. The rate coefficient of OH radical with α-pinene was calculated using canonical variational transition state theory with small-curvature tunnelling. The kinetics data obtained over the temperature range of 200–400 K were used to derive the Arrhenius expression: k(T) = 3.8×10^?28 T^5.2 exp[2897/T] cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1. The OH-driven atmospheric lifetime (τ) and ozone formation potential of α-pinene were calculated and reported in this work.     

Potentiostatic investigation of the vitreous carbon / RbCu4Cl3I2 interface

The electrochemical processes occurring at vitreous carbon electrodes in contact with the solid electrolyte RbCu₄Cl₃I₂ has been investigated. The reaction $$Cu^ + - e \leftrightarrow Cu^{2 + } $$ in the range of potentials ?0.05...+ 0.57 V on the electrode takes place. The exchange current density of this reaction is about 25·10^?2 A·m^?2. The rate of the electrode processes is controlled by the slown diffusion of Cu²⁺ ions near the electrode. The diffusion coefficient of Cu²⁺ ions in the electrolyte is about 1.5·10^?12 m²·s^?1. At potentials higher than 0.57 V on the electrode surface, a divalent copper phase is deposited. The rate of this process is controlled by the instantaneous nucleation and the two-dimensional growth of the phase. At potentials lower than ?0.05 V, the reaction $$Cu^ + - e \to Cu^0 $$ begins at the electrode and metallic copper is deposited. The rate of this reaction is controlled by the instantaneous nucleation and the three-dimensional growth of the deposit. Perpendicular to the electrode surfaces, the growth rate of the deposition has the order of magnitude of 10^?9 m·s^?1 and the quantity of nuclei is not less than 10¹² m^?2.     

Benzoylferrocene-modified carbon nanotubes paste electrode as a voltammetric sensor for determination of hydrochlorothiazide in pharmaceutical and biological samples

The electrooxidation of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) at the surface of a benzoylferrocene modified multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode was studied using electrochemical approaches. Under the optimized conditions (pH 7.0), the square wave voltammetric peak current of HCT increased linearly with HCT concentration in the ranges of 6.0?×?10^?7 to 3.0?×?10^?4 M. The detection limit was 9.0?×?10^?8 M HCT. The diffusion coefficient (D?=?1.75?×?10^?5 cm²/s) and electron transfer coefficient (α?=?0.45) for HCT oxidation were also determined. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of HCT in human urine and tablet samples.     

The gas phase oxidation of HCOOH by Cl and NH2 radicals. Proton coupled electron transfer versus hydrogen atom transfer*

ABSTRACT

The reaction of formic acid (HCOOH) with chlorine atom and amidogen radical (NH₂) have been investigated using high level theoretical methods such BH&HLYP, MP2, QCISD, and CCSD(T) with the 6–311?+?G(2df,2p), aug-cc-pVTZ, aug-cc-pVQZ and extrapolation to CBS basis sets. The abstraction of the acidic and formyl hydrogen atoms of the acid by the two radicals has been considered, and the different reactions proceed either by a proton coupled electron transfer (pcet) and hydrogen atom transfer (hat) mechanisms. Our calculated rate constant at 298?K for the reaction with Cl is 1.14?×?10^?13?cm³?molecule^?1?s^?1 in good agreement with the experimental value 1.8?±?0.12/2.0?×?10^?13?cm³?molecule^?1?s^?1 and the reaction proceeds exclusively by abstraction of the formyl hydrogen atom, via hat mechanism, producing HOCO+ClH. The calculated rate constant, at 298?K, for the reaction with NH₂ is 1.71?×?10^?15?cm³?molecule^?1?s^?1, and the reaction goes through the abstraction of the acidic hydrogen atom, via a pcet mechanism, leading to the formation of HCOO+NH₃.