The application rule of half-wave signal magneto-optical modulation in spatial azimuth measurement

The purpose of this study is to summarize the application rule of half-wave signal magneto-optical modulation in azimuth measurement, and obtain the limit on modulation signal when establishing the azimuth measurement model. After analysis on the azimuth measurement system principle, the model of modulated signal are present according to Malous law, the application feasibility of the four half-wave signal magneto-optical modulation in azimuth measurement are discussed respectively, the azimuth measurement models based on mixed signal are present, and the reason why the AC signal cannot be used to establish the azimuth measurement model is analyzed.     

基于正弦波磁光调制的方位失调角精确测量方法

针对传统基于正弦波磁光调制的方位失调角测量系统存在测量精度不高的问题,提出了一种新的系统方位失调角测量模型以提高系统测量精度。通过分析传统的基于正弦波磁光调制的方位失调角测量原理发现,由于采用省略高阶项的贝塞尔函数展开式表示磁光调制后的信号,引入了信号截断误差和方法误差,影响了系统测量精度。在分析基础上推导建立了一种基于纯三角函数表示的无理论误差的方位失调角测量新模型并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,利用推导建立的失调角测量新模型,系统测量精度明显高于传统方法,这对重新理解基于正弦波磁光调制的方位失调角测量系统原理、提高系统测量精度具有一定的参考意义。     

基于矩形波信号的磁光调制偏振测量方法

建立并研究了基于矩形波磁光调制的检偏方法.运用计算机模拟,对矩形波磁光调制的利萨如图形进行了详细考察,研究了其检偏原理,并对其检偏精度进行了分析.研究表明.矩形波磁光调制的利萨如图形由几个离散点组成,通过观察离散点彼此之间是否重合,就可以判断检偏器是否处于消光位置.从而达到检偏的目的.同时,若用电子仪器监测输出信号是否为直流,即可以实现自动检偏.与基于正弦波磁光调制的倍频法相比,矩形波磁光调制方法的检偏精度有了明显提高,并且也容易实现自动测量.     

方波磁光调制测量在无机械连接的设备间方位传递中的应用

在航天、军事等领域往往需要传递无机械连接的设备之间的空间方位信息,而传统的方位测量系统测量范围小、测量精度低,难以满足系统高精度大范围传递的要求,为此改变传统方法中的调制方式,将方波磁光调制引入了方位测量系统,建立了基于方波磁光调制的方位测量模型。根据马吕斯定律,建立了方波磁光调制后的输出信号模型,并分析了调制后信号的特点。根据调制后信号的表达式与方位角的关系,推导、建立了调制后信号与方位角之间的关系方程,并利用调制后信号的增减性去除了方程的增根,结合调制前后信号的相位对比扩大了方位角的测量范围,最终得到了基于方波磁光调制的方位测量模型,实现了无机械连接的设备之间方位信息的传递。仿真结果表明,提出的基于方波调制的测量方法与传统方法比较,理论测量精度更高、测量范围更广,这为实现空间方位角高精度大范围测量提供了一种参考。     

数字相位测距仪信号源的研究与设计

在相位激光测距仪中,信号初始相位的相对稳定性对测距仪的测量精度非常重要.对于如何得到全同步的主振信号、本振信号、差频参考信号以及填充脉冲,给出了采用单片机控制频率合成器(DDS)直接数字频率合成芯片,直接滤波以及FPGA软件模拟DDS原理三种不同的方案,最后对这三种方案进行了比较.直接滤波法实现起来简单且成本较低,适合测量精度不是很高的系统.另外两种方案可用于测量精度较高的系统,但是成本较高.     

激光频率调制线型分析

在激光频率调制的理论分析中,一般采用正弦波调制、正弦波解调,而没有讨论调制和解调的其它情况。本文主要分析了Guass线型吸收的情况下,锯齿波调制、方波解调的一次、二次谐波相检结果和三角波调制、方波解调的一次、二次谐波相检结果,以及调制深度对信号谱形和信号强度的影响。我们发现,在锯齿波调制、方波解调情况下,一次、二次谐波谱形和正弦波调制情况区别很大;但在三角波调制、方波解调情况下,可以获得和正弦波调制、正弦波解市场相似的结论。另外,不同的调制深度对输出的调制谱形也有重要的影响。我们还用甲烷的可调谐 红外光调制吸收光谱实验验证了理论分析结果。最终得到结论：频率调制谱的信号谱形及信号强度与调制波形、解调波形和调制深度均有关系。     

利用原始光强信号实现空间方位失调角高精度传递新方法

现有基于正弦波磁光调制偏振光的方位失调角传递方法存在精度不高的问题,提出了一种利用原始光强信号中极值点信息实现方位失调角高精度传递的新方法。建立了基于任意位置光强信号求解初始光强的模型,推导了大角度范围内粗略失调角的计算公式并给出了实现方案,提出了在小角度范围内比现有方法近似精度更高的获取失调角信息的方法。仿真结果以及误差分析表明：利用该方法得出的方位失调角传递误差远远小于现有方法,为实现空间方位失调角高精度传递提供了一种参考。     

标准图像发生器及在图像板性能评价中的应用

本文介绍了一种标准图像信号发生器的原理、结构和特点。该发生器采用先进的数字合成技术，融合了ＥＰＬＤ编程技术、ＥＰＲＯＭ技术和高速、高精度１２ｂｉｔＤ／Ａ转换器，配以高性能视频放大和高阶模拟低通滤波器，产生的信号波形失真小、信噪比高。可生成正弦波、方波、三角波、线性波及直流等多种标准图像信号。并介绍了将该系统应用于图像板性能评价的具体方法。实际分析了一种图像板的时域和频域特性，主要包括线性度、Ａ／Ｄ转换精度和调制传递函数等。给出了被测图像板的调制传递函数曲线     

EPR Spectroscopy Using Magnetic Field Gradient Modulated by a Triangular Wave

Magnetic field gradient modulation is one of the techniques to obtain an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum in a selected region of the sample. In this study, the magnetic field gradient modulation using a triangular wave was performed to overcome a problem during the sine wave modulation. Plastic materials were used for the bobbins and cases of the electromagnet to reduce the eddy current loss and drive the gradient coils in three-dimensional directions at a frequency of over 160 Hz. While the EPR signal splitting in a nonselected region, which is a problem in spectral analysis, was observed during the simulation and the actual measurement with the sine wave gradient modulation, the EPR signal broadening without splitting was observed in those with the triangular wave modulation. Thus, it is postulated that the triangular wave is more suitable than the sine one for the field gradient modulation. The spatial resolution was determined to be about 4 or 2 mm at the field gradient of 1 or 2 mT/cm, respectively. The separation of the EPR spectra of two types of radicals was also made by the triangular wave gradient modulation. Authors' address: Hidekatsu Yokoyama, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1, Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara 324-8501, Japan     

Photonic generation of arbitrary waveforms based on incoherent wavelength-to-time mapping

We demonstrate experimentally a radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator using the incoherent wavelengthto-time mapping technique.The system is implemented by amplitude modulation of a broadband optical resource whose spectrum is reshaped by a programmable optical pulse shaper and transmitted over a single mode fiber link.The shape of the generated waveform is controlled by the optical pulse shaper,and the fiber link introduces a certain group velocity delay to implement wavelength-to-time mapping.Assisted by the flexible optical pulse shaper,we obtain different shapes of optical waveforms,such as rectangle,triangle,and sawtooth waveforms.Furthermore,we also demonstrate ultra-wideband generation,such as Gaussian monocycle,doublet,and triplet waveforms,using the incoherent technique.     

间距对图像传感器调制传递函数矩形模板接触测量的影响

为了简易、方便地测量图像传感器的调制传递函数,可以采用将模板直接投射在图像传感器上的办法来测量。实际测试中通常采用矩形模板,而且模板距离图像传感器光敏面有一定距离。从理论上分析了矩形模板和图像传感器光敏面不同间距情况下的光场分布,比较了用此光场分布函数测量图像传感器调制传递函数与采用正弦模板接触式测量法测得的调制传递函数值之间的差异。最后采用空间频率为50 mm-1的高对比矩形光栅进行了实验,测得调制传递函数为0.22,而修正后的调制传递函数值为0.18。结果表明修正后的调制传递函数值更准确,能更准确地评价图像传感器的性能。     

Resonator fiber optic gyro using the triangle wave phase modulation technique

Based on the Sagnac effect, resonator fiber optic gyro (R-FOG) has potential as a high accuracy inertial rotation sensor. An R-FOG based on the triangle wave phase modulation technique is proposed in this paper. The slope of the demodulation curve near the resonance dip is found to affect the ultimate sensitivity of the gyro. In order to maximize the slope of the demodulation signal, the parameters of the triangle wave are analyzed. By employing Fourier series and the method of field overlapping, the relationship between the demodulation signal and the resonance frequency deviation is analyzed. The optimum values for the modulation frequency and phase modulation index are obtained. And the relationship between the carrier component and the phase modulation index under analysis in this paper shows that the triangle wave phase modulation technique is more advantageous than the traditional modulation technique in reducing the noise induced by backscattering.     

Controlling nonclassical properties of the two-photon process by a time-varying field

The interactions between a two-level atom and a field via two-photon transition without rotating wave approximation have been investigated. We emphasize the dynamic behaviors of the atomic population inversion, the field squeezing, and the atomic dipole squeezing numerically when the field frequency varies with time in the forms of sine and rectangle. Some interesting phenomena are discovered and discussed. The good periodic character of the atomic population inversion in the standard two-photon Jaynes--Cummings model is weakened by the influence of the sine field frequency modulation. The rectangular field frequency modulation can change the correlation among different oscillations suddenly and induce new collapse-revival processes of the atomic population inversion. The field squeezing increases at the beginning of time, but then decreases and loses as the time increases after it reaches the maximum due to the sine modulation. The effects of the rectangular modulation on the field squeezing depend mostly on the appearance time of the modulation. The atomic dipole squeezing is weakened under the influence of the sine or rectangular modulation. Our results indicate that it is possible to perform the dynamic controlling of the system properties by changing the parameters of the system with time. This implies that one can dynamically control a quantum information process by choosing the system modulation properly.     

Intensity modulation in single-mode microchip Nd：YAG lasers with asymmetric external cavity

Intensity modulation induced by the asymmetric external cavity in single-mode microchip Nd:YAG lasers is presented. Two kinds of experimental results are discussed based on multiple feedback effects. In one case, the intensity modulation curve is a normal sine wave, whose fringe frequency is four times higher than that of a conventional optical feedback system, caused by multiple feedback effects. In the other case, the intensity modulation curve is the overlapping of the above quadruple-frequency signal and conventional optical feedback signal, which is determined by the additional phase difference induced by the asymmetric external cavity. The theoretical analyses are in good agreement with the experimental results. The quadruple-frequency modulation of the laser output intensity can greatly increase the resolution of displacement measurement of an optical feedback system.     

基于麦克斯韦方程的交变电流长螺线管磁场

为了分析方波驱动长螺线管内磁场畸变机理,利用麦克斯韦方程研究了螺线管内外的磁场分布情况。首先,利用麦克斯韦方程,分别建立了正弦波驱动螺线管内外电场、磁场模型,并结合安培环路定律和电磁感应定律选取了合适的边界条件,得到了正弦波驱动长螺线管的磁场分布;其次,通过傅里叶变换将方波信号变换为多个正弦信号叠加的形式,从而得到了方波驱动长螺线管磁场分布;最后,通过仿真试验重点分析了方波驱动信号频率对磁场的影响,并得出结论:方波驱动长螺线管磁场波形会失真、畸变,驱动信号频率较低、距离螺线管轴线距离较近处,磁场的方波特性较好。     

快速空间测角系统中偏振像差的分析与研究

快速空间测角系统需要在一定的平移范围内均能实现测量功能,这就要求光束在接收单元具有一定的覆盖面积.受器件尺寸所限,选择对入射光束进行扩束,然而非正入射光经过系统会产生偏振态变化,存在偏振像差,引起测量误差.本文通过采用偏振光线追迹的方法,结合电磁场的边界条件,对快速空间测角系统中一定方位及入射角范围内的光束通过偏振棱镜后出射光束的偏振态变化与分布进行了理论研究及仿真分析;并通过搭建实验平台,利用平移接收单元来模拟不同的入射方位及角度变化.根据实验值与仿真结果的对比分析,得出在方位角为0o时,测量误差较小,在方位角为90o时,测量误差最大,且随平移距离(即入射角)的增大,测角误差增大.验证了偏振像差的存在对系统测角带来的影响及理论分析的正确性,并提出了改进措施.所得研o究结果对优化系统结构并进一步提高系统性能具有一定的指导意义.     

基于PSpice的半导体激光高频调制系统设计

为了实现高频率的调制激光输出,设计了一种驱动系统由信号放大、电流调制、过流保护和具有慢启动功能的直流偏置电路高度集成的半导体激光高频调制系统。此系统采用了结构简单的直接调制方式,运用线性调频的高频信号去控制半导体激光器发射激光的强度,从而实现高频调制。在运用OrCAD/PSpice对高频调制驱动系统进行模拟仿真的基础上,最终研制出的半导体激光高频调制系统实现了频率为40.02 MHz、直流偏置为493.326 mA、正弦波调制电流峰峰值为850 mA的高频调制输出,调制激光平均功率为300 mW。     

一种无机械连接的方位测量同步系统

介绍了一种基于偏振和磁致旋光原理的方位测量同步系统,该系统可用于实现两台无机械连接的仪器间高精度方位失调角测量或方位同步,工作距离可达3～10m,工作范围达±90°,同步标准偏差小于3角秒,响应时间最大为40s.另外,对该系统的实际环境适应性也作了简要分析.     

基于电光补偿测量的光相位延迟拓展测量法

在激光电光调制补偿测量光相位延迟量过程中,加入交流调制电压形成倍频接收信号,获得消光的精确定位,能提高测量精确度。通过调制信号形状变化与相关参量之依赖关系,可拓展测量范围,解决在某些点附近无法测量波片相位的"盲区"问题。根据接收到的调制光信号形状变化趋势与待测波片样品方位、延迟量、旋转方向等条件的联系,在待测波片快轴选定后,通过波片旋转影响信号形状变化规律的观测,可敏锐地甄别在半波点或全波长点附近波片的正负偏差特性,从而解决了一般偏振干涉补偿测量相位无法解决的测量盲区问题。不改变测量系统结构也不需添加任何器件,适应于最小延迟偏差≥λ/360的情况。     

TDLAS气体检测系统仿真与影响因素分析

船舶运输作为大宗货物的重要流通手段,为我国经济社会发展做出了巨大贡献,但与此同时船用柴油机带来了严重的污染排放问题。在全球排放限制日益严峻的背景下,实现对其排放参数的实时监测,对环境保护、节能减排、优化柴油机控制策略与燃烧性能等都具有重要意义。近年来可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）技术因其精度高、响应快等优点逐渐受到青睐,该技术的广泛应用对其的研究提出了更高要求,因此利用数学软件对其进行仿真模拟,对测试系统的开发、参数调整都具有一定价值。结合目前的船舶排放检测问题,以其中最具代表性的污染物NO为目标气体,利用软件制作了气体浓度测量仿真模型。检测系统仿真模型主要由光源调制、线型函数拟合、模拟气体吸收、线强函数S(T)拟合、锁相放大器等各部分组成。采用波长调制的方法对浓度测量过程进行仿真,将高频正弦波和低频锯齿波相叠加用以调谐激光,激光经过气室进行模拟吸收后,信号经过锁相放大器调解得到各阶谐波信号。将二次谐波比一次谐波的峰值点作为信号,采用最小二乘法进行浓度-信号幅值曲线拟合并以此进行浓度反演和误差计算,反演误差在2.5％以内。分析了温度、压力等环境因素对信号幅值的影响并绘制了谐波图线,通过引入参考气室来消除环境波动对结果造成的影响,在环境变动时不需要重新拟合浓度-峰值曲线,可直接得到结果。尝试了不同的正弦波频率和调制系数等参数,分析了调制参数对信号幅值的影响,选取了较为合适的参数范围。为柴油机在线排放测试系统的构建和参数选择提供了一定参考。