离轴涡旋光束弱走离条件下的倍频效应

利用耦合波截断方程推导了无走离及弱走离条件下离轴涡旋光束经过负单轴晶体后产生倍频光的归一化电场及光强表达式. 主要分析了离轴量、弱走离角及晶体长度对于输出倍频光的影响. 研究结果表明: 不考虑走离效应时, 倍频光两暗核重合于轴上点, 而具有弱走离效应时, 暗核位置沿走离方向有所偏移, 并且两重合暗核产生分离, 截面上发生分离的方向垂直于存在走离的方向, 其中产生的偏移量与离轴量、走离角及晶体长度有关, 而分离的距离只与走离角及晶体长度相关. 具体表现为: 当离轴量增大, 倍频光两暗核沿存在离轴方向所产生的偏移增大, 而暗核间的分离距离不受离轴量影响, 当走离角、晶体长度增大时, 两暗核沿存在走离方向所产生的偏移增大, 同时, 暗核间的分离距离也有所增大. 此外, 通过对比发现, 传输晶体长度的缩小, 可以减小暗核沿存在走离方向或是存在离轴方向所产生的偏移, 同时也可以减小由离轴量与走离角所产生的暗核分离距离, 一定程度上对输出的倍频光起到校正作用.     

光束抖动频谱遥感大气湍流外尺度的理论与实验

在微扰理论的基础上导出高斯光束相位归一化频谱的普遍表达式，进而法庭是归一化光束抖动频谱的普遍表达式以及准直光束和球面波光束在均匀光路条件下的分析表达式，计算表明这些频谱中存在一个与湍流外尺度，横截风速有确定关系的峰值频率。     

Interferometry from a scattering medium

A two-beam random interferometer is demonstrated where coupling is facilitated by a scattering medium. A modulation observed in the normalized second-order intensity frequency correlation of the transmitted light is attributed to the relative temporal delay of the two beams and is insensitive to beam alignment and spacing.     

Effects of self-fields on gain in two-stream free electron laser with helical wiggler and an axial guiding magnetic field

The theory for the two-stream free electron laser （FEL） consisting of a relativistic electron beam transporting along the axis of a helical wiggler in the presence of an axial guiding magnetic field is proposed and investigated. In the analysis, the effects of self-fields are taken into account. The electron trajectories and the small signal gain are derived. The characteristics of the linear-gain and the normalized maximum gain are studied numerically. The results show that there are seven stable groups of orbits in the presence of self-fields instead of two groups reported in the absence of the self-fields. It is also shown that the normalized gains of three groups decrease while the rest increase with the increasing of normalized cyclotron frequency g20. Furthermore, it is found that the two-stream instability and the self-field lead to a decrease in the maximum gain except for group 3. The results show that the normalized maximum gain is enhanced in comparison with that of the single stream.     

L波段强流单束团注入器的束流动力学计算

自由电子激光器要求高亮度、低能散度的电子束注入波荡器(Undulator)。本文叙述提供高亮度电子束的高频电子直线加速器中的注入器部分的设计计算。注入器由L波段(1300MHz)的十二分频和三分频两个谐振腔预聚束器和一个基波频率的变相速聚束器组成。粒子运动方程中考虑了空间电荷效应和束流负载效应。电子枪的注入参数:脉冲宽度T=4ns;电流I=5A;电子的初始动能E_0=100keV;电子束分布为高斯型。参数优化设计结果:单束团宽度小于25ps,峰值电流达400A以上,电子的平均归一化能量>4,束团内的能量差小于200keV。     

Quadripartite entangled state from cascaded second-harmonic generation

A generation system of continuous-variable （CV） quadripartite entangled state based on two cascaded second- harmonic generation （SHG） cavities below the threshold is investigated. Two reflected fundamental bearias of the first cavity, the reflected second-harmonic beam and the output fourth-harmonic beam of the second cavity are proved to be entangled, and the dependence of the entanglement degree on the normalized frequency, pump parameter, fourth-harmonic loss parameter, and second-harmonic loss parameter is also analyzed. Due to the fact that the cavity parameters and the nonlinear crystals of the two SHG cavities can be freely chosen, the practicality of the proposed protocol is relatively perfect and the system can also be extended to the preparation of multicolor entangled states for a quantum network.     

T-shaped polarization beam splitter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide structures

A T-shaped polarization beam splitter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal is proposed, which is composed of three waveguides: one input and two output. Unpolarized beams incident from the input port will be separated into two different polarization modes and outputted individually by two different coupling structures. Simulation results can be obtained by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. In the normalized frequency range of 0.3456 < \(\omega \alpha /2\pi {}c\) < 0.37, multiple frequencies can obtain high transmission efficiency simultaneously for both TE and TM modes. And the degree of polarization is very closed to 1 for both output ports at this frequency range. When the normalized frequency \(f=0.3534 \omega \alpha /2\pi {}c\), the transmission efficiency, respectively, is 88 % and \(91\) % for TE modes and TM modes. The extinction ratio is all 30dB for both modes. The polarization beam splitter attains the requirement we expected by analyzing simulation results.     

单模光纤端面衍射光束参量与其结构参数关系研究

本文采用指数函数拟合光纤基模端面衍射场光束参量与光纤基本参数的关系，分别得到了各个光束参量与光纤归一化频率V和光纤芯层半径a关系的解析表达式。把曲线拟合得到的基于V和a表达的解析函数的计算结果，与基于光纤芯层参量U、包层衰减参量W和光纤芯层半径a表达的解析函数的计算结果相比，当1.5 相似文献   

Observation of helicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes in large-helical-device plasmas heated by neutral-beam injection

The helicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (HAEs) with the toroidal mode number n=2 and 3 are observed for the first time in the Large Helical Device plasmas heated by neutral beam injection. The observed mode frequency is about 8 times higher than that of the observed toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes, and is proportional to the Alfvén velocity. The modes are excited when the ratio of the beam velocity to the Alfvén velocity exceeds about unity. The frequency lies just above the lower bound of the HAE gap in the plasma edge region of rho>0.7 (rho: normalized minor radius).     

Free vibration analysis of magneto-electro-elastic microbeams subjected to magneto-electric loads

Different types of actuating and sensing mechanisms are used in new micro and nanoscale devices. Therefore, a new challenge is modeling electromechanical systems that use these mechanisms. In this paper, free vibration of a magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) microbeam is investigated in order to obtain its natural frequencies and buckling loads. The beam is simply supported at both ends. External electric and magnetic potentials are applied to the beam. By using the Hamilton's principle, the governing equations and boundary conditions are derived based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The equations are solved, analytically to obtain the natural frequencies of the MEE microbeam. Furthermore, the effects of external electric and magnetic potentials on the buckling of the beam are analyzed and the critical values of the potentials are obtained. Finally, a numerical study is conducted. It is found that the natural frequency can be tuned directly by changing the magnetic and electric potentials. Additionally, a closed form solution for the normalized natural frequency is derived, and buckling loads are calculated in a numerical example.     

相对论速调管放大器一维非线性理论的数值分析

给出了相对论速调管放大器中归一化调制电流和电子束动能的积分微分方程,基于MATLAB平台编程并采用递推法、中心差分法、梯形积分法等数值计算方法计算了归一化束电流和电子束动能随归一化距离的关系,以及反映电荷守恒的归一化因子。最后计算了调制电流的n次谐波的模式强度随归一化距离的变化。     

A tunable power splitter based on modes coupling and self-collimation effect in two-dimensional photonic crystals

A tunable power splitter is proposed in a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a line defect composed of two rows rods, whose refractive index can be controlled artificially. This device is working at a self-collimation frequency. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations show that the beam splitting ratio is a function of the refractive index of line defect. If the index varies from 3.0 to 3.5, the beam intensity of one output port decreases from 87.2% (normalized by the input beam) to 0 while the intensity of the other output port increases from 8.98% to 100% monotonically. The coupling between the self-collimation mode and the defect mode is used to explain the working mechanism.     

IH型漂移管直线加速器的束流动力学研究（英文）

为了提高兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL-CSR）的运行效率、改善加速器输出束流品质,并实现几个加速装置分时供束,提高整个重离子加速装置的利用率,特为（HIRFL-CSR）增建一台新的注入器--CSRLINAC。在108.48 MHz的RFQ之后的CSR-LINAC主加速段,主要由一台108.48 MHz和两台216.96 MHz的IH型漂移管直线加速器组成,用于加速荷质比为1/8.5~1/3之间的重离子,其最大的束流流强为3 mA,并将粒子从0.3 MeV/u加速到3.71 MeV/u。运用KONUS动力学原理,在满足设计指标的情况下,首先利用TraceWin程序进行中能束线MEBT设计,后针对高频腔体设计和束流匹配的基本参数的系列讨论,特别是对CSR-LINAC的中能束流匹配线、参数选择和IH型KONUS结构的漂移管直线加速器进行设计模拟优化。最终得出,在保证腔体设计指标和95.3%的传输效率的情况下,该紧凑型直线加速结构经过三个腔体的加速后,束流的纵向归一化均方根发射度增长仅有25%;同时发现,当流强达到3 mA时,存在空间电荷效应,导致其纵向相宽增长约25%,最大横向包络也存在16.5%的涨落。In order to improve the operation efficiency of the Cooling Storage Ring of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR), a heavy ion linac (linear accelerator) was proposed and designed as a new injector for HIRFL-CSR. Following the 108.48 MHz Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), three tanks in total with Interdigital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL) structure are installed to boost the beam energy from 0.3 to 3.71 MeV/u, and the beam current of ions with charge-to-mass ratio from 1/8.5 to 1/3 can reach to 3 mA. The first tank operatesat the same frequency as the RFQ, and the rest two operate at 216.96 MHz. The “Combined Zero-Degree Synchronous Particle Structure” (KONUS) beam dynamics was used in the beam dynamics design. The overview of the physics design on the main accelerating components, including RF design and beam dynamics design are introduced in this paper. The optimized structure design, fabrication status and simulation results are presented in this contribution. It shows that under the condition of assurance of 95.3% transmission efficiency, the normalized rms emittance is about 25%. When the beam current is up to 3 mA, owing to the space charge effect, the increase of longitudinal phase spread and transverse envelope are about 25% and 16.3%, respectively.     

重离子治癌装置4 MeV/u IH型漂移管直线注入器的动力学设计

基于KONUS束流动力学理论,完成了一台工作频率为162.5 MHz、占空比为1%的交叉指型漂移管直线注入器（IH-DTL）的动力学设计。该IH-DTL内置两套三组合四极透镜,共有41个加速单元,可为同步加速器提供流强400 eμA、能量4 MeV/u的C4+束流。在动力学设计过程中着重对每个加速间隙的同步能量偏差、注入相位和间隙电压等参数进行优化,使得该IH-DTL的横向归一化RMS接收度达到0.24 πmm·mrad,且横纵向归一化发射度增长小于10%,有利于提高同步环的注入效率。然后根据动力学设计的结构参数进行IH-DTL的高频仿真计算,将得到的三维电磁场分布导入PIC粒子跟踪程序中进行束流动力学模拟。动力学模拟结果显示,束流在IH-DTL出口的横向自然发射度小于13 πmm·mrad,达到了同步环的注入要求,而且在7%的垂直二极场分量下,束流中心的横向偏移在±0.5 mm以内,整体的束流传输效率高于99%。An interdigital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL) with KONUS beam dynamic has been designed, which operation frequency was chosen 162.5 MHz. This IH-DTL consists of 41 accelerating cells and two quadrupole magnets triplets, can provide the C4+ with the current of 400 eμA and energy of 4 MeV/u for the synchrotron. In the beam dynamic design, the synchronous particle energy, inject RF phase and the acceleration voltage of each gap are optimized carefully to make the transverse normalized RMS acceptance of the IH-DTL to be 0.24 πmm·mrad and the beam emittance growth small than 10%. Then the RF structure was designed and the 3D electromagnetic field was imported into the PIC particle tracking code for the beam dynamic simulation. The transverse beam emittance at the exit of the IH-DTL is small than 13πmm·mrad which meets the injection requirement of the synchrotron. What is more, under the 7% vertical dipole fields component, the offset between the beam center and the drift tube's axis is ±0.5 mm at most. The transmission efficiency of the IH-DTL is higher than 99% for the whole beam in the acceptance.     

Corkscrew振荡引起的发射度增长

 用解析方法来确定由二种因素引起的Corkscrew振荡所造成的归一发射度增长的表达式。这二种因素是电子束的非理想注入以及聚焦磁场相对于系统轴的随机偏斜。     

Fractional Fourier transform of Airy beams

An analytical expression of an Airy beam passing through a fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) system is presented. The effective beam size of the Airy beam in the FRFT plane is also derived. The influences of the order of FRFT, the modulation parameter, and the transverse scale on the normalized intensity distribution and the effective beam size of an Airy beam in the FRFT plane are examined. The order of FRFT controls the effective beam size and the orientation of the beam spot. The modulation parameter affects the effective beam size and the number of lateral side lobes. The normalized intensity distribution and the effective beam size are both proportional to the transverse scale.     

Paul trap simulator experiment to model intense-beam propagation in alternating-gradient transport systems

The results presented here demonstrate that the Paul trap simulator experiment (PTSX) simulates the propagation of intense charged particle beams over distances of many kilometers through magnetic alternating-gradient (AG) transport systems by making use of the similarity between the transverse dynamics of particles in the two systems. Plasmas have been trapped that correspond to normalized intensity parameters s=omega(2)(p)(0)/2omega(2)(q)相似文献   

偏轴双腔互比型腔式束流位置监测器

 提出一种利用偏轴双腔来监测电子束位置的新方法，根据谐振腔归一化分流阻抗参数分析了其工作原理和主要特性。偏心束流在偏轴谐振腔中激发出较强的偶极模TM₁₁₀信号，根据两腔输出的偶极模信号幅度比可直接测量束流的中心偏移量。偶极模信号幅度变化反映了束流的偏移方向，省去了鉴相工作，简化了前端接收电路的的设计，基模抑制问题已被解决。利用MAFIA和HFSS软件对本征模进行仿真，并分析了模式耦合特性，仿真结果验证了新结构的可行性。     

Influence of the cladding layer field of fiber on beam parameters

Beam parameters, including mode-field radius, divergence half-angle and beam propagation factor are studied and relations among them are derived under the condition of paraxial approximation. Several formulas of the beam parameters for end diffraction-limited from the fundamental mode of fiber are given based on the normalized standing wave parameter, normalized evanescent wave parameter and radii of core layer and circular aperture. Moreover, influence of change of the near-field on beam parameters is researched and the results show that the cladding layer field has determinant effect and cannot be neglect. These conclusions may provide theoretical foundation for further researching the beam parameters.     

Second harmonic generation of a self-focused Hermite-Gaussian laser in plasma

Second harmonic generation (SHG) using intense Hermite-Gaussian laser beam (HGLB) propagating through the plasma for mode-indices m = 0 and m = 1 is reported in the present work. Ponderomotive force induced density perturbation beats with the oscillatory velocity of electrons at incident laser frequency, generate the second harmonic nonlinear current that give rise to SHG. Using paraxial approximations, we have derived the coupled equations for the beam width parameter of HGLB and second harmonic's normalized amplitude. Resonance condition is obtained by considering wiggler magnetic field which providing an extra momentum to the second harmonic photon and this result a significant increase in the amplitude of SHG. Our analysis shows the prominent rise in normalized amplitude of second harmonic on increasing the value of the intensity of fundamental laser pulse, normalized wiggler magnetic field and normalized density of plasma. It is notified that the gain of SHG is more prominent for m = 1. Dependency of laser and plasma parameters on SHG is also reported in the current work.