LiNbO3∶Fe晶体中光写入阵列平面光波导的实验实现

采用两束相干平行光形成的干涉光场辐照LiNbO3∶ Fe晶体,通过光折变效应在晶体中写入了阵列平面光波导.分别采用马赫-曾德干涉仪光路和光栅衍射法测量了阵列平面光波导的横向折射率分布和周期,并对所写入的阵列平面光波导进行了初步的导光测试.实验结果表明,用这种方法写入阵列平面光波导简便可行.     

LiNbO3:Fe晶体中光写入阵列平面光波导的实验实现

采用两束相干平行光形成的干涉光场辐照LiNbO₃: Fe晶体,通过光折变效应在晶体中写入了阵列平面光波导.分别采用马赫-曾德干涉仪光路和光栅衍射法测量了阵列平面光波导的横向折射率分布和周期,并对所写入的阵列平面光波导进行了初步的导光测试.实验结果表明,用这种方法写入阵列平面光波导简便可行.     

基于铌酸锂薄膜波导的电光调谐光栅辅助定向耦合器研究

提出并实验研究了一种基于铌酸锂薄膜光波导的电光调谐的光栅辅助定向耦合器。该耦合器由单模与双模脊形波导及制作于双模波导侧壁的长周期光栅构成。长周期光栅的引入补偿了单模与双模波导中基模的相位失配,可在共振波长实现两波导中基模的高效耦合。进一步地,在双模脊形波导两侧制作调谐电极实现了高速、低驱动电压的电光调谐功能。优化了器件的制作工艺,并采用单次干法刻蚀将耦合器的光栅与波导同步制作于X切铌酸锂薄膜上。测试结果表明所制作的器件在1 595.3 nm波长处实现了14.8 dB的隔离度,其电光调谐效率为0.38 nm/V(1 595.3 nm～1 599.0 nm),热光调谐效率为0.14 nm/℃（25℃～50℃）。该器件可用于实现可调谐滤波、滤模、电光调制及高灵敏度温度传感等功能。     

载氢光纤在255.3nm激光辐照下的光折变效应

首次报道采用铜蒸气倍频２５５．３ｎｍ紫外激光辐照载氢光纤产生的光折变效应。所测到的光折变量已可满足制作光折变光纤光栅的需要。     

(2+1)维光折变波导阵列的制作

对四个点光源进行光学傅里叶变换,在自散焦光折变晶体中成功地制作了6μm×6μm间隔的并行(2+1)维阵列波导300余条,并证明了阵列波导实质上是二维体相位栅.实验研究了点光源间距、点光源尺寸及写入时间对阵列波导制作的影响,并分析了在自散焦光生伏打光折变介质中形成阵列波导的原理.     

光折变长周期波导光栅耦合器的设计和分析

为了实现在一种稳定的材料上制作简单的光栅耦合器,提出了在钛扩散铌酸锂波导上制作光折变长周期光栅耦合器的方案。利用有效折射率法和耦合模理论,确定了耦合器的结构参数,包括光栅周期为74.28μm,两波导的分开距离为8μm以及100%耦合情况下光栅的最小长度为2.42 cm。分析了传输光谱,得到3 d B带宽为5.20 nm。模拟结果表明,当光栅长度和偏移距离的容差分别为0.37 cm和0.21 cm时,耦合效率可以达到90%以上。该耦合器有望应用于粗波分复用系统。     

LiNbO3:Fe晶体中光写入波导时折射率的变化规律

研究了利用光辐照法制作光折变波导时LiNbO3:Fe晶体中折射率变化的规律.分别采用波长为6328nm和532nm的寻常偏振和非常偏振的细激光束和片状激光束，在LiNbO3:Fe晶体中进行了写入波导实验.研究表明，制作波导的写入光宜采用寻常偏振光.在利用由光束辐照LiNbO3:Fe晶体形成的正折射率变化区域作为波导结构时，必须严格控制辐照时间.否则，由于长时间光辐照会带来较强的噪音栅以及折射率变化区域会发生扩展，而难以形成优 质波导.利用片光在“三明治”方式辐照下，以小曝光量制作波导时，可以避免噪音栅的 关键词： 光致折射率变化 光折变波导 光辐照法 LiNbO3:Fe晶体     

光折变长周期波导光栅耦合器的设计和分析EI北大核心CSCD

为了实现在一种稳定的材料上制作简单的光栅耦合器,提出了在钛扩散铌酸锂波导上制作光折变长周期光栅耦合器的方案。利用有效折射率法和耦合模理论,确定了耦合器的结构参数,包括光栅周期为74.28μm,两波导的分开距离为8μm以及100%耦合情况下光栅的最小长度为2.42 cm。分析了传输光谱,得到3 d B带宽为5.20 nm。模拟结果表明,当光栅长度和偏移距离的容差分别为0.37 cm和0.21 cm时,耦合效率可以达到90%以上。该耦合器有望应用于粗波分复用系统。     

利用预置光栅的脉冲信号光自泵浦相位共轭特性研究

针对光折变晶体响应慢的问题,提出了一种预置光栅技术,该预置光栅可由另外的独立预置光源产生.通过对采用预置光栅的光折变晶体自泵浦相位共轭特性及其物理机制进行的实验研究证实,采用预置光栅技术可以大大缩短低重复频率、窄脉冲信号光的光折变自泵浦相位共轭的响应时间,因此对于低重复频率、窄脉冲光的自泵浦相位共轭应用有重要的实用价值.     

线性电介质和中心对称光折变晶体界面表面波的研究

报道了中心对称光折变晶体与线性电介质界面表面波的形成及能量变化. 通过调节传播常数和波导参数的方法,可以得到非局域、振荡、局域三种类型的表面波. 波导参数和传播常数之差大于阈值时,线性电介质和中心对称光折变晶体界面可以形成局域表面波. 波导参数为正值时,局域表面波主要聚集在中心对称光折变晶体内,随着传播常数的增大,波能量随之单调递增,表面波可以稳定传播. 在给定的条件下,调节决定非线性作用强度的可变参量可以控制局域表面波模的阶数和传播波形. 关键词： 非线性光学 中心对称光折变晶体 表面波     

Anomalous behaviour of long-time increase in diffraction efficiency of photorefractive grating in Ce：BaTiO3 in dark

Anomalous long-time increase of the diffraction efficiency is observed in dark-decay experiments of photorefractive gratings in Ce：BaTiO3. It is deduced that a phase-conjugate beam is induced by the writing beam at acute angle to the ＋c axis of the crystal and it interferes with the other writing beam to form a second grating which is perpendicular to the first grating formed by the interference between two writing beams. The rising behaviour of the diffraction efficiency results from the different decay rates of these two photorefractive gratings. Furthermore, a simplified model of two gratings, both induced by two deep traps, is proposed to account for this phenomenon and the fitting results agree well with the experimental results.     

Beam splitting, combining, and cross coupling through multiple superimposed volume-index gratings

We investigate the diffraction properties of multiple-superimposed index gratings from a vector synthetic viewpoint using coupled wave analysis with Bragg and non-Bragg readout. The vector synthetic gratings consist of two volume-index gratings with different grating wave vectors, which can be obtained in photorefractive materials, in optical fibers or in Bragg cells with two driving acoustic waves. This structure can realize beam splitting, beam combining, and beam cross coupling, etc. Analytic expressions for the diffraction efficiency as well as the amplitude of the waves involved are obtained. The results are presented and discussed.     

Fabrication of large-area 3D photonic crystals using a holographic optical element

A holographic technique for fabricating 3D photonic crystal is presented. The key element in the fabrication system is a holographic optical element (HOE) consisting of three gratings. Used in combination with a mask, the HOE can generate four beams under single illuminating beam, and 3D lattice structures can be formed by the interference of the four beams. Holographic approach is used to make HOE, so large area lattice structures can be fabricated. Numerical simulations indicate that beam intensity ratio of central beam to outer beam is one of the factors that affects the structures fabricated in photoresist, and high diffraction efficiency of the gratings in HOE is favorable when using cw laser with relatively low power as light source. Experimental results show clear 3D lattice structures fabricated using the HOE, verifying the effectiveness of the technique.     

全息离子束刻蚀衍射光栅

全息离子束刻蚀衍射光栅集中了机械刻划光栅的高效率和全息光栅的无鬼线、低杂散光、高信噪比的优点．全息离子束刻蚀已作为常规工艺手段应用于真空紫外及软x射线衍射光栅的制作．文章对全息离子束刻蚀衍射光栅的制作方法、主要类型、研究现状和应用进行了综述．     

光折变相位栅的衍射性质

基于前向四波混频模型，在弱读出光强和强读出光强两种情况下，以及光折变相位栅相对干涉条纹的空间相移为任意值的条件下，给出了光折变相位栅的衍射效率的解析表达式。 关键词：     

Dynamic studies of holographic gratings in dye-doped liquid-crystal films

The dynamic behavior of a holographic grating induced in a homeotropically aligned dye-doped liquid-crystal film is investigated. In the presence of an applied dc voltage, photoexcited azo dyes induce a photorefractive grating and then diffuse and are adsorbed onto cell substrates. The reorientation of liquid crystals as a result of adsorbed dyes leads to a phase grating that is phase shifted 90 degrees from the photorefractive grating. Competition of these two gratings induces two-beam coupling of the writing beams, initially transferring energy from beam 1 to beam 2 and then, after a pause, from beam 2 to beam 1.     

Anisotropic conical scattering in photorefractive BaTiO3: diffraction efficiency measurements

The simultaneous presence of beam fanning and anisotropic conical scattering hinders the exact measurements on anisotropic conical diffraction. In this paper, a method is described for the measurement of diffraction efficiency of the gratings responsible for anisotropic conical scattering in a photorefractive BaTiO₃ crystal. Dependence of diffraction efficiency on the angle of incidence of the incident beam and the build-up processes of beam fanning and anisotropic scattering have been studied.     

Apodised fiber Bragg gratings fabricated with a uniform phase mask using Gaussian beam laser

A new exposure scheme for fabricating apodised fiber Bragg gratings by the use of a uniform phase mask and a Gaussian beam laser is demonstrated. Average refractive index is kept nearly constant along the grating to derive a side lobe suppression of 20 dB in the shorter wavelength. This scheme allows the writing of truly apodized fiber Bragg gratings.     

Filter characteristics of a chirped volume holographic grating

We compare and analyze the filter properties of transmission-type volume holographic gratings, especially the dispersion characteristics for uniform and chirped gratings. It is theoretically and experimentally shown that the dispersion characteristics can be controlled by introducing one-dimensional chirping to the volume grating in a photorefractive crystal. The filter response including output power and dispersion comes from a combined effect of the spatial spectra of the grating structure, input beam, and output-coupling fiber mode. Filter responses can be designed by controlling these parameters for optical communication applications.     

Photorefractive response and optical damage of LiNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript> optical waveguides produced by swift heavy ion irradiation

The photorefractive behaviour of a novel type of optical waveguides fabricated in LiNbO₃ by swift heavy ion irradiation is investigated. First, the electro-optic coefficient r ₃₃ of these guides that is crucial in the photorefractive effect is measured. Second, two complementary aspects of the photorefractive response are studied: (i) recording and light-induced and dark erasure of holographic gratings; (ii) optical beam degradation in single-beam configuration. The main photorefractive parameters, recording and erasing time constants, maximum refractive-index change and optical damage thresholds are determined.