真空下气固界面的传热

已知对于真空下的传热稀薄气体起着非常重要的作用。该文给出了稀薄气体在不同克努曾数区域下的气 -固界面间的传热表达式 ,这些表达式中包含了气体反射系数和热适应系数。文中讨论了平行平板、同轴圆柱表面和同心圆球表面的情况 ,给出了不同传热区域热流依照克努曾数倒数关系变化的数值计算结果     

用分形理论研究低温条件下Al-Al界面间的接触导热现象

界面形貌是固体界面间接触导热的最主要影响因素 ,传统的形貌表征参数与仪器的分辨率和取样长度密切相关 ,因而基于这些参数的常规接触导热模型显然是尺度相关的。分形网络模型利用粗糙表面处处连续却不可微的分形特征 ,采用与尺度无关的分形参数 ,揭示了接触导热的本质 ,为准确预测接触热导开辟了一条新的途径。实验测定了粗糙表面的分形参数和低温条件下 Al50 52 - Al50 52界面间的接触热导 ,将接触热导的实验值与分形网络模型的预测结果进行了比较 ,并就接触热导与压力、分形参数和温度之间的关系进行了分析 ,指出分形网络模型的预测精度与分形参数相关联。     

微通道内滑移区气体-颗粒流动传热数值模拟

本文针对微通道内气粒间流动传热过程开展数值研究,所建模型中气体处理为可压缩/变物性流体,并在气固交界处采用速度滑移和温度跳跃边界条件以考虑其微尺度效应。在数值研究基础上,分析了微通道受限空间、克努森数、气体流速以及颗粒表面温度对微通道内气粒换热的影响。研究结果表明,受限空间结构将强化气粒间换热过程,颗粒表面平均传热努赛尔数随微通道气体流量增大而增大,克努森数增大以及颗粒表面温度升高都将导致颗粒表面平均传热努赛尔数减小。     

气隙式热开关传热特性研究

本文介绍了一种新型低温热开关的工作原理.考虑到热开关充人的气体在连续介质区和自由分子状态的传热以及肋片沿轴向的导热对热开关的传热特性进行了详细的理论分析.建立了该种热开关传热的理论模型.给出了肋片的厚度、长度、气隙宽度、外壳壁厚与导通热导之间的关系曲线以及气体压强、外壳厚度与关断热导之间的关系曲线.     

二极管端面抽运固体激光器晶体棒与热沉接触热导研究

二极管端面抽运固体激光器中,圆棒晶体采用金属热沉夹持并散热,晶体侧面受到的压力呈非轴对称分布.建立了此状态下晶体棒与热沉间无热界面物质、采用厚度为平均间隙厚度和远大于平均间隙厚度的热界面物质三种情况下接触热导模型.针对前两种模型,采用截断高斯模型和塑性形变模型,讨论了接触热导与装配压力、等效均方根粗糙度的关系.建立了晶体棒与热沉的接触散热模型,对高斯型热耗分布,采用有限元法得到了无热界面物质和采用铟箔作为热界面物质时晶体棒温度的空间分布.结果表明:无热界面物质时,晶体棒与热沉间接触热导随圆心角变化较大,其 关键词： 激光二极管端面抽运固体激光器 热效应 有限元法 接触热导     

纳米SiO2材料声子热输运的格子玻尔兹曼法模拟

根据德拜物理模型,采用格子玻尔兹曼方法（LBM）对纳米二氧化硅薄膜内的声子热输运特性进行了模拟分析,得到了薄膜内的温度响应特性;在此基础上,分析了其法向有效导热系数。计算结果表明,当努森数大于0．01时,薄膜边界处出现温度跳跃,呈现出明显的微纳米尺度传热特性;当薄膜厚度小于20nm时,减小厚度可使其有效导热系数迅速降低...     

低温真空下固体界面间接触热导实验分析

主要叙述了低温真空下接触热导实验装置的设计 ,通过改进实验装置来扩展研究的温度范围。在 10 0 K～ 30 0 K范围内 ,对铝、不锈钢和铜三种金属材料进行了大量的接触热导的实验研究 ,并分析了接触热导与界面载荷和温度之间的关系     

低温固体界面间接触导热“hysteresis”现象的研究

文中以强化低温固体界面间的接触导热为出发点 ,实验测定了低温环境下两种金属界面在过度加载前后的接触热导值 ,指出过度加载是一种经济有效的强化导热方法 ,对卸载过程接触热导率大于同次加载过程接触热导的“hysteresis”现象产生机理进行了分析     

基于CMY模型改进的界面热阻模型及其应用

导热膏填充的接触界面热阻由接触热阻和间隙热阻两部分组成。本文采用截锥体接触的单热流通道模型代替CMY模型中的圆盘接触的单热流通道模型,推导出了改进的接触热阻计算公式。本文还结合间隙热阻的计算公式,得到了一种改进的导热膏填充的接触界面热阻模型。通过分析得出了如下结论:对于使用导热膏填充的接触界面的热阻而言,其主要影响因素为接触表面的粗糙度和导热膏的导热系数,而接触界面间压力对其的影响则相对较小。     

气隙式热开关充压对转变温度的影响研究

气隙式热开关是空间深低温系统应用中的关键技术,需针对氦介质气隙式热开关的转变温度特征开展研究。基于稀薄气体传热理论,建立了不同充气压力和间隙尺寸对热开关转变温度影响的计算模型,研究其影响规律并进行实验验证。研究结果表明,该气隙式热开关在导通状态(ON)在4至20 K的导热量为1.37 W(1 bar)和1.18 W(0.14 bar),断开状态(OFF)下的漏热为1.36 mW,开关比分别为1 007和867。通过改变常温氦气充气压力从1 bar至0.14 bar,热开关的转变温度提高2 K。     

Correlations of Thermal Contact Conductance for Nominally Flat Metallic Contact in Vacuum

Heat transfer experiments were performed in a vacuum environment (0.045 torr) to find out solid spot contact conductance for nominally flat surfaces of copper, brass, and stainless steel with different surface roughnesses (1–5 μm) for each specimen under several load conditions (0.6–15 MPa). A precise estimation of thermal contact conductance for the interface of sets of similar materials has been carried out employing a steady-state approach. Results have been compared with the theoretical models based on plastic and elastic deformation based theories for nominally flat metallic contacts. It has been demonstrated that a dire need exists to develop an experimentally based generalized correlation of thermal contact conductance for nominally flat metallic contacts that can be used by design engineers as well as for research purposes in different fields. Along with the generalized correlation, a specific correlation for thermal contact conductance has been proposed for three sets of materials. The thermal contact conductance of each set of materials presented in the form of specific correlations for different roughness parameters is one of the most important outcomes of the present research.     

接触热阻理论模型的简化

本文分析了机械加工表面的粗糙度曲线形貌参数的统计特征.基于单点接触热导理论模型和弹性形变理论模型,建立了总的接触热阻与总的压力之间的一般关系,简化了接触热导的计算模型,并与现有的计算方法进行了对比.研究结果表明,简化模型具有很好的精度.     

光学读出微梁阵列红外成像及性能分析

在构建的光学读出微梁阵列(焦平面阵列FPA)非制冷红外成像系统中，实现了无硅基底FPA置于空气中对人体的热成像. 通过FPA在不同真空度环境条件下的成像结果进行比较，分析了热导和系统噪声值随气压变化的关系，以及对系统成像性能的影响，并对气体分子热运动自由程大于空气传热层特征尺度时的气体热传导模型进行了修正分析和实验验证. 实验结果表明：FPA置于空气中时，气体分子撞击微梁引起的微梁反光板无序振动产生的光学读出噪声成为系统噪声的主要来源. 当真空度小于1Pa时，总热导和光学读出噪声值的变化都趋于平缓；当真空度小于10^-2Pa时，空气热导的影响可忽略，总热导降低到微梁感热像素的辐射极限，光学读出噪声也降低到一极小值. 实验结果与理论分析相符合. 关键词： 非制冷红外成像 光学读出 双材料微梁阵列 热导     

反复加载情况下低温固体界面间接触导热的研究

文中从固体界面间接触热阻形成机理出发,提出了一种强化接触导热的方法,给出了低温真空环境下,两种金属界面间在反复加载情况下的接触热阻值,对卸载过程接触热导率大于同次加载过程接触热导的实验现象产生机理进行了分析,并指出了下一步的研究方向     

A review on the effects of different parameters on contact heat transfer

In this paper, a complete literature review for thermal contact between fixed and periodic contacting surfaces and also thermal contact between exhaust valve and its seat in internal combustion engines is presented. Furthermore, the effects of some parameters such as contact pressure, contact frequency, the contacting surfaces topography and roughness, curvature radius of surfaces, loading–unloading cycles, gas gap conductance and properties, interface interstitial material properties, surfaces coatings and surfaces temperature on thermal contact conductance are investigated according to the papers presented in this field. The reviewed papers and studies included theoretical/ analytical/experimental and numerical studies on thermal contact conductance. In studying the thermal contact between exhaust valve and its seat, most of the experimental studies include two axial rods as the exhaust valve, and seat and the one ends of both rods are considered at constant and different temperatures. In the experimental methods, the temperatures of multi-points on rods are measured in different conditions, and thermal contact conductance is estimated using them.     

Characterization of Powder Beds by Thermal Conductivity: Effect of Gas Pressure on the Thermal Resistance of Particle Contact Points

The thermal conductivity of ceramic powder packed beds was measured at temperatures below 100 °C for various powder sizes and compositions and under different gas atmospheres. Measurements at low pressures (down to 10 Pa) combined with a theoretical model allowed the elucidation of geometrical and thermal resistance parameters for the contact points between granules. The gap thickness and contact point size were found to be well correlated with the mean particle size. The thermal conductivities of all powders at low pressure were found to differ at most by a factor of two, whereas the solid‐phase conductivities of the powder materials differed by more than one order of magnitude. A theoretical model accounting for the size‐dependence of contact point conductivity is incorporated to rationalize this trend.     

层间稀薄气体传热对多层绝热材料性能的影响分析

通过建立的热量传递模型,分析了不同的气体稀薄程度(Knudsen数)时,气体传热对多层绝热材料有效热导率和各层温度分布的影响。分析表明:由多层绝热材料真空度变化引起的稀薄气体传热量波动较大,在10—60层/cm层密度范围,真空度低于100Pa时,Kn数属于自由分子状态区域和中间压强区域,此时材料的有效热导率随残留气体热适应系数的增大而减小,并随着真空度的降低而增大;当残留气体为空气时,为保证多层材料的绝热性能,尽量维持真空度不低于10-2Pa。同时分析表明,为有效降低低真空下稀薄气体传热对多层绝热性能的影响,可以采用综合热适应系数较低的气体置换夹层中的空气,以减少低真空多层绝热材料的有效热导率,改善绝热性能。     

Light-induced heat and mass transfer in a single-component gas in a capillary

A theoretical analysis is presented of light-induced heat and mass transfer in a single-component gas in a capillary tube at arbitrary Knudsen numbers. Surface and collisional mechanisms of transfer are analyzed, due to differences in accommodation coefficient and collision cross section between excited-and ground-state particles, respectively. Analytical expressions for kinetic coefficients characterizing the gas drift and heat transfer in a capillary tube are obtained in the limits of low and high Knudsen numbers. Numerical computations are performed for intermediate Knudsen numbers. Both drift and heat fluxes are determined as functions of the light beam frequency. In the case of an inhomogeneously broadened absorption line, the light-induced fluxes are found to depend not only on the sign, but also on the amount, of light beam detuning from the absorption line center frequency.