基于STM32F103RCT6无线充电电路的设计与研究

摘要：随着手机的普及、电动汽车和无线电技术的不断发展,电子产品也越来越丰富。对各种电池的充电速度和工作时间提出越来越高的要求。由于目前电池的电量工作时间较短、快速充电、远距离充电等问题不能解决,从而给人们的生活带来了极大的不便,特别限制了电动汽车工业的发展。所以针对电池的充电问题,本文设计了一款电磁谐振式无线充电器。该充电器采用STM32超低功耗单片机作为无线充电电路的主控制器,通过对发射信号频率的控制,使处于异地的输出电路工作在谐振状态,实现最大功率无线传送,接收端线圈输出再经过整流、稳压、滤波后输出+5V电压,最终经过智能控制电路给便携式设备中的锂电池充电。并通过指示灯显示电池是否正在充电、充满、电池反接和电源欠压等状态。该设计的充电设备具有使用灵活、方便、工作可靠,电能利用率高,无线充电距离远等特点,同时具有过压、过流保护,具有广泛的应用价值。     

校园电瓶车智能充电控制系统设计

由于电动自行车操作简单,骑行省时省力,目前校园电动自行车数量越来越多,而电动自行车最大的问题在于充电,在行程中如果对电量估算不足,极有可能在行程中就停止工作,而在路上找一个可以充电的地方是十分困难的。充电难以及充电安全问题越来越得到大家的重视。私拉电线,电瓶车配备的充电器质量没有保障所导致的发安全事故层出不穷,给平安校园建设带来严重的危害。面对这一现状,设计一个基于STM32的智能充电桩,使用者无需携带充电器,通过面板上的按键就可以设定充电方式(充电电压,电流),直接给蓄电池供电。设计的系统拥有无线传输功能,实现与手机数据交互,方便对充电的控制。充电结束时会自动断电,并发送信息到手机上,提醒使用者及时断电取车。     

新型电机驱动充电一体化分析与研究

提出了一种基于AC-link的新型电机驱动充电一体化拓扑结构,可以满足电机驱动控制和充电两种工作模式。该拓扑正向工作时驱动电机为电机驱动控制状态、反向工作时给蓄电池充电为充电状态。首先对该新型拓扑结构两种工作模式的工作原理进行详细介绍,采用有效的控制策略并使用Simulink软件搭建仿真模型,对一体化拓扑结构和控制策略进行验证,仿真结果表明,该拓扑工作在充电模式时可以满足电池全部充电阶段的不同电压需求;工作于电机驱动模式,无论是加速过程还是正常工作过程,定子电流均呈现良好的三相正弦形态,并且转速可以达到给定值,从而证明了这种拓扑结构和控制策略的可行性。     

MV级Marx发生器恒流充电过程分析

设计了一种输出电压为4 MV的超前触发型Marx发生器,为了进一步优化采用电阻充电的Marx发生器输出特性,提高系统的充电效率并且减小级间充电电压不均匀性,对Marx发生器恒流充电过程进行了解析求解。结果表明:各级间充电电压差为与充电电阻、电容和充电速率成正比,与时间无关的定值,充电时间越长电压效率越高,且与电压变化率无关 。该结论具有普遍适用性。结合我们设计的4 MV超前触发型Marx发生器回路,利用PSpice对Marx发生器的恒流充电过程进行了模拟,得到了自洽的结果,并且与恒压充电进行了对比。当充电电阻为10 k,各级电容为400 nF,充电速率为10 kV/s时,恒流充电能量效率达到90%,约为恒压充电能量效率的2倍,充电时间为恒压充电的1/3。     

基于热能利用的创新实验设计

设计了基于温差电效应的锂电充电器.该装置以热水作为热源,选用F40550型温差发电片,稳压电路和锂电充电保护电路的主控芯片分别为LM1085和SD8001,电压输出为USB接口.该装置可以对以锂电供电的小型数码产品充电.     

锂离子动力电池高倍率充放电过程中弛豫行为的仿真

基于电化学热耦合模型研究了动力锂离子电池高倍率充放电过程中的弛豫行为, 分析对比了不同充放电机制对电池弛豫行为的影响. 研究发现: 充放电过程中, 欧姆极化是造成电压骤变的主要原因; 而恒流-恒压的充电模式能够缓慢消除欧姆极化, 避免电池电压的骤变; 利用恒流恒压对电池进行充电能够充进更多的电量, 有利于电池性能的完全发挥; 固相锂离子浓度的弛豫时间比液相锂离子浓度的弛豫时间长, 并且在放电后期, 固相扩散的特征时间与液相扩散特征时间的比值不断增大, 固相扩散造成的极化在整个放电过程不可忽略.     

基于光导开关及层叠Blumlein线的纳秒脉冲源

设计了一台层叠Blumlein线型脉冲功率源。该脉冲源以平板型Blumlein线为储能器件,使用4个GaAs光导开关作为脉冲形成开关,通过4级Blumlein线层叠结构以获得更高输出电压。分别使用10 mm及3 mm间隙光导开关进行实验,比较了PSpice电路仿真与实验结果。实验测试显示,10 mm开关充电23.5 kV时上升沿较大,可能的原因是偏置电场较低时开关导通时间较长。测试了不同工作电压下功率源的输出电压,结果显示:在10 mm间隙开关条件下,充电23.5 kV时,负载上得到了53 kV的高压脉冲输出;3 mm开关充电13.9 kV时输出电压39.4 kV,输出效率70%。实验结果表明, 随着工作场强的提高,电压输出效率呈现先下降后上升最终趋于饱和的趋势。     

一个低参考电压

多年来,我们物理系的学生一直使用标准黑块—汞学生电池作为参考电压来校准滑线式电位差计,然后用它来测量一个消耗了的闪光灯用电池的未知电压.用标准电压表检验的未知电压值令人满意地说明一个测量仪器对被测量的量所具有的作用.汞学生电池仅能使用几年,而且其充电价格每次要超过50美元,现在可以 Radio     

基于模糊控制的动力电池组均衡充电控制策略研究

针对单体电池性能的不一致性导致串联动力电池组性能急剧下降以及使用寿命缩短问题,设计了一种基于储能电感的非耗散型均衡电路;在对动力电池组均衡电路充电过程进行分析的基础上,根据电池组中单体电池的SOC值,采用模糊控制算法对均衡电路切换的占空比进行控制,调节其充电电流,从而实现电池组充电的均衡控制;在恒流工况下,对四节电池串联电池组进行了均衡充电的仿真实验;实验结果表明,设计的均衡电路和模糊均衡控制算法能够实现能量的无损转移,达到均衡充电的要求。     

基于马尔可夫的锂电池组充电均衡控制研究

针对动力锂离子电池组充电后期过程中因单体电池性能差异而造成的可用容量不均衡、使用寿命缩短等问题,改进了一种结构较为简单、能量转移灵活的无损能量转移型均衡电路;提出了基于马尔可夫决策算法的动力锂电池组充电均衡控制方案,对单体电池间能量转移方向进行预测,决策出最优转移路径。通过实验结果分析,均衡效率、均衡效果均明显提高,实现了动力锂离子电池组充电后期过程中的充电均衡,证明了该均衡电路及均衡控制方案的可行性。     

脉冲电源与它在电晕荷电器中的作用

在电晕放电荷电器中，防止荷电颗粒沉积是一关键问题。用机械斩波的方法形成高压正负方波，其幅值、频率和脉宽均可调，并且波形不发生畸变，从而有效地控制了荷电颗粒在荷电器中的运动轨迹，并为荷电器荷电提供了准确的场强和荷电时间。本实验测试了颗粒荷电提供了准确的场强和荷电时间。本实验测试了颗粒荷电量和粒径的关系，实验值与理论计算值基本一致。结果表明，机械斩波的高压脉冲电源在颗粒荷电研究中是一种较好的装置。     

Direct visualization of the charge transfer in conjugated polymers

Ion-induced charge-transfer states in conjugated polyelectrolytes were experimentally investigated by Justin M.Hodgkiss and his co-workers [J Am Chem Soc,2009,131(25):8913].In this work,charged and neutral conjugated polyelectrolytes were further studied with quantum chemistry methods.The calculation result shows that the absorption spectra are roughly in visible and ultraviolet light regions,and the two absorption peaks are located in the wavelength span 300-400 nm for charged polyelectrolytes.However,in n...     

An experimental study of relative humidity and air flow effects on positive and negative corona discharges in a corona-needle charger

In this paper, the effects of inlet air RH and air flow rate on positive and negative corona discharges in a corona-needle charger have been experimentally studied and discussed. Its corona discharge characterizations in terms of current-to-voltage relationships of the corona-needle charger on the effects of inlet air RH and air flow rate were evaluated at applied corona voltages between 0 and 3.1 kV, an air flow rates between 5 and 15 L/min, a relative humidity between 20 and 90%, and an operating pressure of about 101.3 kPa. Experimental results were shown that discharge current is strongly affected by the RH level of the inlet air. The positive discharge current was found to be decreased with increasing RH value at RH values below 60% and increased with increasing RH value at RH value above 60% in the same corona voltage. The negative discharge current was found to be stable with increasing RH value at RH values below 40% and increased with increasing RH value at RH value above 40% in the same corona voltage. For the air flow rate effects, the positive discharge current was found to slightly decrease when the air flow rate increased at RH value below 90% and to increase with the air flow rate at RH value of 90%. For the negative corona, the discharge current was also found to monotonically decrease when the air flow rate increased.     

A High Efficiency,High Throughput Unipolar Aerosol Charger for Nanoparticles

A novel aerosol charger has been developed, which has high efficiency and high throughput especially for nanometer particles in the size range of 3–50nm. Unipolar charging with high ion concentration and long charging time is used to obtain the high charging efficiency. High throughput is achieved by reducing particle loss within the charger. This is accomplished by directing ion flow and aerosol flow in the same direction and by the use of sheath air flow. The charger configuration is of a longitudinal design – the direction of aerosol stream and ion stream are flowing parallel along the longitudinal axis of the charger. The charger consists of four sections: the inlet zone, the ion production zone, the unipolar charging zone, and the exit zone. In the inlet and ion production zones, unipolar ions are generated using Po²¹⁰ radioactive sources with an electric field designed to separate the positive and negative ions, and to focus the selected unipolar ions into the core region of the charger. The ions with the selected polarity is then attracted to the charging zone by an uniform electric field created by a series of ring electrodes applied with a linear ramped voltage. Aerosol entering the charger is sheathed with clean gas flow in order to keep the aerosol in the core region. A novel exit design with a reversed electric field is incorporated in order to minimize the charged particles loss. The performance of the charger is first evaluated using computer simulation and then constructed for experimental validation. Experiment data have demonstrated that the charger achieves 90% and 95% charged-particles penetration efficiency and with 22% and 48% extrinsic charging efficiency at 3 and 5nm particle sizes, respectively. These performance data represent significant improvement, over a factor of 10, compared with the existing chargers.     

Nanoparticle Charging in a Twin Hewitt Charger

A new unipolar charger for aerosol nanoparticles has been developed. In this twin Hewitt charger two corona discharge zones are connected by a charging zone where the nanoparticle aerosol flows. Ions move into the charging zone alternating from each corona discharging zone by means of a square-wave voltage. The operation parameters of the device have been experimentally investigated at standard conditions with the goal to optimize the extrinsic charging efficiency in N₂ carrier gas. It has been found that there exists an optimal length of the charging channel for each gas flow rate through the charger which minimizes losses of charged particles and at the same time having a sufficient large n _iont-product. Extrinsic charging efficiencies of some 30% for particles with a diameter of 10 nm are obtained.     

Use of an electrical aerosol detector (EAD) for nanoparticle size distribution measurement

Recently, Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitor (NSAM, TSI model 3550) and EAD (EAD, TSI Model 3070A) have been commercially available to measure the integral parameters (i.e., total particle surface area and total particle length) of nanoparticles. By comparison, the configuration of the EAD or NSAM is similar to that of electrical mobility analyzer of the early generation for particle size distribution measurement. It is therefore possible to use the EAD or NSAM as a particle sizer. To realize the objective of using the EAD as a sizer, we characterized the average electrical charges of monodisperse particles passing through the EAD particle charger and ion trap set at voltages ranging from 20 to 2500 V. The average charge data collected at different ion-trap voltages were then summarized by the empirical correlation using the parameter of Z _p *V, where Z _p is the particle electrical mobility and V is the ion-trap voltage. A data-reduction scheme was further proposed to retrieve the size distribution of sampled particles from the EAD readout at different ion-trap voltages. In the scheme, the functional format of each mode in a number size distribution of particles was assumed as log-normal, but the number of modes in an entire size distribution is not limited. A criterion was used to best fit the simulated EAD readouts with experimental ones by varying the count median diameter (CMD), geometric standard deviation (σ _g), and total particle number (N _t ) of each mode in a particle size distribution. Experiments were performed to verify the proposed scheme.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.