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在高功率微波源研究领域提出了一种新型虚阴极器件——向外发射同轴型虚阴极振荡器.对其相关束流特性进行了理论分析,得到了同轴空间径向传输空间电荷限制电流,以及虚阴极产生的条件和电子束运动的基本规律.基于数值模拟得到的结果,向外发射同轴型虚阴极振荡器不仅表现出较高的能量转换效率,而且有利于增加虚阴极器件产生高功率微波的脉宽,同时还可以应用于低频段高功率微波源.这种虚阴极器件的可能输出微波方式也进行了讨论
关键词:
虚阴极
高功率微波
脉冲功率
电子束二极管 相似文献
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在阴阳极严格同轴的条件下,理论分析表明同轴虚阴极振荡器中TE11模式与TM01模式与径向入射电子束的谐振耦合具有近似的作用效率。3维PIC数值模拟结果显示,即使在圆对称结构下,输出波导中非角向均匀模式在输出功率中也占有较大成分。因此,同轴虚阴极振荡器中TE11模式与电子束之间的谐振作用对器件效率的影响不可忽略。通过引入结构的不对称性以及TE11模式反射器可以抑制电子束与TM01模式之间的谐振作用,从而起到抑制同轴虚阴极振荡器系统中模式竞争的作用,因此可以提高电子束到微波的功率转换效率。实验结果表明,采用阴阳极非均匀对称结构的TE11模式增强型同轴虚阴极振荡器可以大幅度提高效率,在优化参数条件下获得功率转换效率约7%,输出功率大于1.0 GW的实验结果,该功率约为近似严格同轴结构的2.5倍。该研究结果可以为高效率同轴虚阴极振荡器装置设计与实验结果分析提供基本理论依据以及参数确定基础。 相似文献
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虚阴极振荡器中微波频率的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在虚阴极振荡器的实验中,同时得到了几百兆瓦5.17GHz和几兆瓦7.74GHz的微波输出。根据虚阴极振荡器的单电荷层模型可知,主频5.17GHz的微波由虚阴极自身振荡产生;7.74GHz 的微波由虚阴极自身振荡与虚阴极振荡或电子往返振荡产生的调制束流相互作用产生。 相似文献
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分别用自制浸渍碘化铯(CsI)针式环状碳纤维阴极和环状不锈钢阴极所产生的电子束轰击尼龙目击靶,研究碳纤维阴极发射均匀性。在碳纤维阴极电子束轰击的目击靶上得到了均匀的烧蚀痕迹,而不锈钢阴极电子束轰击的目击靶上烧蚀痕迹不均匀,表明碳纤维阴极发射电子束的均匀性优于不锈钢阴极。分析认为两阴极不同的发射机制及其所特有的材料性质和结构导致其发射电子束均匀性的差异。用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对不锈钢阴极尖端和碳纤维阴极尖端和侧面进行扫描,发现不锈钢阴极仅尖端处被烧蚀,而碳纤维阴极尖端和侧面都有烧蚀痕迹,验证了碳纤维阴极由场发射和表面闪络共同作用的发射机制的假设分析。 相似文献
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研究了一种齿状阴极的电子束产生传输过程以及对相对论返波管振荡器产生高功率微波的影响。基于SINUS881加速器,利用束流轰击金属靶观测齿状阴极产生电子束在不同轴向位置上的角向分布,并开展了基于环形阴极和齿状阴极的X波段相对论返波管振荡器的实验研究。对不同齿数及尺寸对电子束流特性、器件输出微波功率和脉冲宽度的影响进行了分析。实验结果表明:当阴极的齿数增加到一定数量时,电子束的横向运动使得电子束在径向逐渐趋于分布均匀;与均匀环形阴极的打靶结果近似,此时,电子束对于相对论返波管振荡器产生微波的功率和脉宽影响不大。 相似文献
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研制了一种碳纤维天鹅绒阴极,并对碳纤维天鹅绒阴极和化纤天鹅绒阴极进行了初步的比较研究。比较结果表明:碳纤维天鹅绒阴极比化纤天鹅绒阴极启动稍慢。在相同的驱动电压条件下,碳纤维天鹅绒阴极产生的微波输出功率有可能优于化纤天鹅绒阴极。但是,由于纤维脱落导致碳纤维天鹅绒产生微波的性能显著下降。在高电压运行中,化纤天鹅绒的纤维尖端由于高温烧蚀而膨胀、弯曲,从而影响了其运行寿命;但碳纤维天鹅绒的纤维尖端在实验运行后没有出现因高温烧蚀而膨胀、弯曲的现象。因此,碳纤维天鹅绒阴极的运行寿命应优于化纤天鹅绒。 相似文献
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The distribution of the peak temperature and energy flux on the surface of a steel anode in a pulsed high-current vacuum arc was determined by studying the spatial location of the borderline separating the region of hardened steel, produced by the pulse of energy flux to the anode, and the region of the anode which did not undergo a phase transition. The arc was run between a 14-mm-diameter stainless steel cathode and a 25-mm 4340 steel anode, separated by a 4-mm gap, with peak currents up to 1000 A and 71 ms full-width half-amplitude (FWHA) duration. The phase transition of the steel occurs at 727°C and the above-mentioned borderline is thus the geometrical location of all points which reached a peak temperature of 727°C. The peak anode surface temperature was calculated from the borderline position by approximate solution of the three-dimensional heat conduction equation. The effect of an axial magnetic field on the anode surface temperature and energy flux distribution was also studied showing that with no magnetic field the distribution had a pronounced maximum on the axis of the arc, while with the presence of a magnetic field the distribution became annular with a maximum at about mid-radius. In comparison, the shape of the distribution of the cathode mass deposited by the arc on the anode was uniform without a magnetic field. The peak of the anode temperature and the energy flux amplitude also depended on the magnetic field, first decreasing and then increasing almost linearly with it. 相似文献
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Design of high-repetition frequency gating circuit for cathode of image intensifier北大核心CSCD 下载免费PDF全文
According to the requirements of high repetition frequency, fast edge speed and small pulse width for cathode gating signal by range-gated technology, a cathode high repetition frequency gating circuit using period and multi-stage acceleration was proposed. By combining the RC circuit and the high-speed gate circuit, the time bias circuit unit was cascaded to generate logic pulses with different time sequences, which could respectively control the intermediate stage drive MOSFET to generate three phased drive signals, and the output of the intermediate stage drive was used as input of the output-stage MOSFET to control the acceleration and retention of its on-off process. It was verified by software simulation and board-level test. The test results show that the proposed gating circuit can increase the edge time of output pulse from μs level to 2 ns, and can provide +50 V/−200 V cathode off/on voltage, so as to achieve a repetition frequency ranging from 0~350 kHZ, a duty ratio of 0~100%, a minimum pulse width of 3.7 ns, and a pulse output delay time jitter of about 0.1 ns. It has important guiding significance for improving the minimum pulse width performance of high-speed and high-voltage gating power, the highest working repetition frequency and reducing the power loss of the device. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved. 相似文献
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介绍了一种基于Marx发生器原理设计的快前沿紧凑型X光机,采用Marx发生器直接驱动X射线管的线路设计,封装在一个直径约为15 cm、长约1.2 m的不锈钢圆筒内。Marx发生器设计为15级单极性同轴结构,利用锐化开关与屏蔽外筒间的杂散电容来减小脉冲前沿,同时采用紧凑低电感设计来获得窄脉冲的输出。Marx发生器最大储能90 J,在充电电压为30 kV的情况下,75Ω负载上获得了前沿10 ns、脉宽40 ns、幅度360 kV的高压脉冲。实验结果表明X光机设计合理,实现了设备小型化目标,获得了快前沿高幅度的高压脉冲。研制的X光机的主要的参数为:脉宽35 ns;0.3 m处剂量约2.58×10~(-5)C/kg;焦斑2 mm。 相似文献
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给出一台脉冲间隔100~1 000 ns、脉冲数2~5个、二极管电压3 MV、引出束流强度2.5 kA的猝发多脉冲电子束源的物理设计及初步调试结果。在设计中,采用感应叠加和阻抗匹配方案获得二极管高电压脉冲;试验中分别采用天鹅绒和大发射面储备式热阴极获得猝发多脉冲电子束。调试结果表明:采用大发射面热阴极可避免阴极等离子体产生,确保二极管在猝发多脉冲状态下稳定运行。初步调试获得大于2.7 MV猝发三脉冲二极管高压,并获得1.6 kA的三脉冲电子束流。 相似文献