基于邻域分割的空谱联合稀疏表示高光谱图像分类技术研究

传统的高光谱遥感影像分类算法侧重于光谱信息的应用。随着高光谱遥感影像的空间分辨率的增加,高光谱影像中相同类别的地物在空间分布上呈现聚类特性,将空间特性有效地应用于高光谱遥感影像分类算法对分类精度的提升非常关键。但是,高光谱影像的高分辨率提供空间聚类特性的同时,在不同地物边缘处表现出的差异性更加明显,若不对空间邻域像素进行甄选,直接将邻域光谱信息引入,设计空谱联合稀疏表示进行图像分割,则分类误差较大,收敛速度大大降低。将光谱角引入空谱联合稀疏表示图像分类理论中,提出了一种基于邻域分割的空谱联合稀疏表示分类算法。该算法利用光谱角计算相邻像素的空间相似度,剥离相似度较低的邻域像素,将相似度高的邻域像素定义为同类地物,引入空谱联合稀疏表示模型中,采用子联合空间追踪算子和联合正交匹配追踪算子对其优化求解,以最小重构误差为准则进行分类。选取AVIRIS及ROSIS典型光谱影像数据进行实验仿真,从中可以看出,随着光谱角分割阈值的提高,复杂的高光谱影像分类精度和平滑区域的高光谱影像分类精度均逐步提高,表明邻域分割在空谱联合稀疏表示分类中的必要性。     

A hierarchical structure with improved OMP sparse representation used with face recognition

With the rapid development of the face recognition technology, more and more optical products are applied in people's real life. The recognition accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of training samples, but the colossal training samples will result in the increase of computational complexity. In recent years, sparse representation method becomes a research hot spot on face recognition. In this paper we propose an energy constrain orthogonal matching pursuit (ECOMP) algorithm for sparse representation to select the few training samples and a hierarchical structure for face recognition. We filter the training samples with ECOMP algorithm and then we compute the weights by all selected training samples. At last we find the closest recovery sample to the test sample. Simultaneously the experimental results in AR, ORL and FERET database also show that our proposed method has better recognition performance than the LRC and SRC_OMP method.     

A sparse representation method based on kernel and virtual samples for face recognition

To improve the classification accuracy of face recognition, a sparse representation method based on kernel and virtual samples is proposed in this paper. The proposed method has the following basic idea: first, it extends the training samples by copying the left side of the original training samples to the right side to form virtual training samples. Then the virtual training samples and the original training samples make up a new training set and we use a kernel-induced distance to determine M nearest neighbors of the test sample from the new training set. Second, it expresses the test sample as a linear combination of the selected M nearest training samples and finally exploits the determined linear combination to perform classification of the test sample. A large number of face recognition experiments on different face databases illustrate that the error ratios obtained by our method are always lower more or less than face recognition methods including the method mentioned in Xu and Zhu [21], the method proposed in Xu and Zhu [39], sparse representation method based on virtual samples (SRMVS), collaborative representation based classification with regularized least square (CRC_RLS), two-phase test sample sparse representation (TPTSSR), and the feature space-based representation method.     

基于颜色模型和稀疏表示的图像型火焰探测

常用的图像型火焰探测算法是提取火焰在图像上表现出的单个特征信息或其有效组合作为识别的依据,需要大量的训练样本进行学习与参量优化,且识别率对特征选择的要求也很高.本文从火焰的整体特征考虑,提出了基于颜色模型和稀疏表示模型相结合的图像型火灾探测方法.首先在HIS空间建立颜色模型对火灾图像进行预处理提取出疑似区域,建立稀疏表示模型,并利用主成分分析方法构造火焰和疑似火焰物体的特征字典,最后利用l1-minimization计算测试样本与训练样本的最小逼近残差实现火焰和干扰物体的分类识别.实验结果表明,该方法提高了火灾图像的分类准确度和识别速度,同时具有较高的准确率.     

联合稀疏表示在水下目标分类中的应用

水下目标分类识别的性能受所选特征的限制,多特征往往可以获得更加稳定的结果,针对这一问题,提出了一种基于联合稀疏表示模型的水下目标分类识别方法。首先对水下目标回波信号提取3种具有信息互补性与关联性的特征:中心矩特征、小波包能量谱特征、梅尔频率倒谱系数特征,然后应用加速近端梯度法对联合稀疏表示模型进行优化,求解得到最优联合稀疏系数,最后根据最小误差准则确定目标类别。在消声水池开展模拟实验,对6类目标进行分类识别,结果表明:与传统算法相比,提出的算法具有更高识别准确率,并且其执行效率较传统算法有很大提升。      

基于稀疏表示模型和自回归模型的高光谱分类

针对高光谱分类中对光谱信息和空间信息利用不足的问题,提出了一种基于稀疏表示模型和自回归模型相结合的分类算法。该算法利用稀疏表示模型和自回归模型,设计联合字典:在光谱维上,利用稀疏表示模型将高光谱的每个光谱向量表示为字典中训练样本的稀疏线性组合;在空间维上,利用自回归模型对每个光谱向量的8邻域进行约束。针对不同样本分别构造一个字典,在减少计算量的同时减小重构误差,最后在最小重构误差和邻域相关性的约束下求解稀疏表示问题,以最小重构误差为准则实现高光谱数据的分类。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效地提高高光谱数据的分类精度。     

Face image recognition via collaborative representation on selected training samples

In this paper, we present a collaborative representation-based classification on selected training samples (CRC_STS) for face image recognition. The CRC_STS uses a two stage scheme: The first stage is to select some most significant training samples from the original training set by using a multiple round of refining process. The second stage is to use collaborative representation classifier to perform classification on the selected training samples. Our method can be regarded as a sparse representation approach but without imposing l₁-norm constraint on representation coefficients. The experimental results on three well known face databases show that our method works very well.     

融合自适应稀疏表示和相关系数的高光谱伪装分类方法

目前比较成熟的高光谱成像手段有卫星遥感和航空成像技术,这两种成像方式侦察时间大致相同,入射光方向基本一致,因而地物的光谱曲线比较固定;在陆基条件下,地物的光谱曲线受成像环境的影响凸显,因此应该对适用于陆基条件下的高光谱图像分类方法进行研究。在陆基高光谱图像中,对每个地物进行类型以及种类的判别有利于后续对目标的识别和处理,不同于传统遥感图像分类,陆基条件下的高光谱图像目标分类训练样本不仅较难获得,并且在陆基条件下的高光谱图像中,训练样本之间的相关性随着目标类型、探测器参数以及成像环境等因素时刻发生变化。基于稀疏性表示的分类方法已经被广泛应用于处理图像问题以及各种机器视觉问题。对于陆基高光谱图像来说,基于固定范数约束的稀疏编码策略无法适应陆基条件下高光谱成像多变的环境,而自适应稀疏表示可以根据样本相关性自适应的调节范数约束,相关系数可以提高图像中的破坏因素（阴影、噪声点等）的识别精度。通过引入正则化参数,融合了自适应稀疏表示和相关系数,提出了一种新的高光谱图像分类方法。为了验证所提方法的有效性,分别在绿色植被背景和荒漠背景中设置伪装物,通过不同的分类方法对图像进行分类,实验结果表明,不管是分类精度还是分类一致性,该方法都有明显的优势,可以应用于陆基条件下的高光谱图像分类,为目标分类提供了理论基础。     

基于稀疏表示的核素能谱特征提取及核素识别

提出了一种基于稀疏表示的核素能谱特征提取方法,其实质是将核素能谱在区分性最好的稀疏原子上进行投影。利用稀疏分解方法对核素能谱进行稀疏分解,提取分解系数向量作为表征核素的特征向量,通过模式识别分类方法建立分类模型实现核素识别。与传统稀疏分解方法的区别在于:在能谱稀疏分解过程中按照稀疏字典中的原子排列顺序顺次进行分解;其次,分解目的在于特征提取,即最终提取到的特征对不同核素具有可区分性,并不要求核素能谱的重构精度。在241Am, 133Ba, 60Co, 137Cs, 131I和152Eu共6种核素1200个能谱数据上进行了核素识别实验,7种不同分类算法的平均识别率达到91.71%,实验结果的统计分析表明,本文提出的特征提取方法识别准确率显著地高于两种传统核素能谱特征提取方法准确率。     

字典学习稀疏表示的高光谱图像异常检测

针对稀疏表示高光谱检测算法性能受背景字典影响较大的问题,充分利用高光谱图像空间信息和光谱主成分信息,提出了一种基于字典学习的稀疏表示异常检测算法。首先利用主成分分析提取高光谱数据的主特征,建立目标主成分空间,并证明了在主成分空间进行字典学习稀疏重构的可行性;然后在主成分空间内构造基于K-SVD算法的训练字典,改善了背景字典性能;采用正交匹配算法重构主成分分量,利用主成分分析反变换得到待检测像元重构光谱,增强了高光谱图像的局部异常特性;最后,基于重构误差异常特性实现高光谱图像异常检测。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

Sparse representation-based classification algorithm for optical Tibetan character recognition

A sparse representation-based two-phase classification algorithm is proposed for off-line handwritten Tibetan character recognition. The first phase realizes coarse classification with the K-NN classifier by finding the K nearest neighbours of a test sample in the dictionary constructed by K-SVD with samples of all classes, and the classes of these neighbours are regarded as the candidate classes of the test sample. The second phase performs fine classification with the sparse representation classifier by sparsely representing the test sample with all elements of the dictionary constructed by K-SVD with samples of all candidate classes, and the test sample is finally classified into the candidate class with the maximal contribution in sparse representation. Experiments on the Tibetan off-line handwritten character database show that an optimal recognition rate of 97.17% has been reached and it is 2.12% higher than that of K-NN.     

A novel virtual samples-based sparse representation method for face recognition

A limited training set usually limits the performance of face recognition in practice. Even sparse representation-based methods which outperform in face recognition cannot avoid such situation. In order to effectively improve recognition accuracy of sparse representation-based methods on a limited training set, a novel virtual samples-based sparse representation (VSSR) method for face recognition is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, virtual training samples are constructed to enrich the size and diversity of a training set and a sparse representation-based method is used to classify test samples. Extensive experiments on different face databases confirm that VSSR is robust to illumination variations and works better than many representative representation-based face recognition methods.     

基于双向稀疏表示的鲁棒目标跟踪算法

目前,基于稀疏表示的目标跟踪通常为在目标模板集上重构候选样本的正向模型或者在候选样本集上描述目标模板的反向模型.两个模型的共同点是均需计算候选样本与模板集合之间的稀疏相关系数矩阵.基于此,建立了一个双向联合稀疏表示的跟踪模型,该模型通过L2范数约束正反向稀疏相关系数矩阵达到一致收敛.与之前的单向稀疏表示模型相比,双向稀疏表示跟踪模型在正反向联合求解框架下可以更加充分地挖掘所有候选样本与模板集之间的稀疏映射关系,并将稀疏映射表上对正负模板区分度最好的候选样本作为目标.基于加速逼近梯度(accelerated proximal gradient)快速算法,以矩阵形式推导了双向稀疏表示模型的求解框架,使得候选样本集和目标模板集均以矩阵方式并行求解,在一定程度上提高了计算效率.实验数据表明所提出的算法优于传统的单向稀疏表示目标跟踪算法.     

基于WSSRC单样本人脸识别及样本扩充方法研究

由于传统的SRC方法的实时性不强、单样本条件下算法性能低等缺点,提出了融合全局和局部特征的加权超级稀疏表示人脸识别方法(WSSRC),同时采用一种三层级联的虚拟样本产生方法获取冗余样本,将生成的多种表情和多种姿态的新样本当成训练样本,运用WSSRC算法进行人脸识别分类。在单样本的情况下,实验证实在ORL人脸库上该方法比传统的SRC方法提高了15.53%的识别率,使用在FERET 人脸库上则提高7.67%。这样的方法与RSRC 、SSRC、DMMA、DCT-based DMMA、I-DMMA相比,一样具备较好的识别性能。     

Robust face recognition based on sparse representation in 2D Fisherface space

Sparse representation is being proved to be effective for many tasks in the field of face recognition. In this paper, we will propose an efficient face recognition algorithm via sparse representation in 2D Fisherface space. We firstly transformed the 2D image into 2D Fisherface in preprocessing, and classify the testing image via sparse representation in the 2D Fisherface space. Then we extend the proposed method using some supplementary matrices to deal with random pixels corruption. For face image with contiguous occlusion, we partition each image into some blocks, and define a new rule combining sparsity and reconstruction residual to discard the occluded blocks, the final result is aggregated by voting the classification result of the valid individual block. The experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm achieves a satisfying performance in both accuracy and robustness.     

汽车自动变速箱油的近红外光谱识别研究

利用自编码网络(autoencoder network, AN)流形学习和稀疏表示(sparse representation, SR)方法对汽车变速箱油进行近红外光谱品种识别研究。以壳牌、美孚、嘉实多、上海大众和上海通用五种变速箱油为对象,利用AN方法对600～1800 nm近红外光谱数据进行非线性降维,获取10个特征变量。每种变速箱油选取30个样本(共150个样本)作为训练样本,每种30个样本(共150个样本)作为测试样本。所有训练样本的特征变量组成了稀疏表示方法的整体训练样本矩阵,将变速箱油品种分类识别问题转化为一个求解待识别测试样本对于整体训练样本矩阵的稀疏表示问题,通过求解L-1范数意义下的最优化问题来实现。经过主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和AN降维后,分别利用线性判断分析法(linear discriminant analysis,LDA)、偏最小二乘支持向量机法(least squares-support vector machine,LS-SVM)和本文提出的稀疏表示分类算法进行分类比较。结果表明,结合自编码网络和稀疏表示方法对五种汽车变速箱油品种的平均识别准确率达97.33%,为汽车变速箱油品种近红外光谱快速准确识别提供了有效的新途径。     

Integrating the original face images and “symmetrical faces” to perform face recognition

Using the original and ‘symmetrical face’ training samples to perform representation based face recognition was first proposed in [1]. It simultaneously used the original and ‘symmetrical face’ training samples to perform a two-step classification and achieved an outstanding classification result. However, in [1] the “symmetrical face” is devised only for one method. In this paper, we do some improvements on the basis of [1] and combine this “symmetrical faces” transformation with several representation based methods. We exploit all original training samples, left “symmetrical face” training samples and right “symmetrical face” training samples for classification and use the score fusion for ultimate face recognition. The symmetry of the face is first used to generate new samples, which is different from original face image but can really reflect some possible appearance of the face. It effectively overcomes the problem of non-sufficient training samples. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can be used to improve a number of traditional representation based methods including those that are not presented in the paper.     

基于稀疏表示和学习图正则的高光谱图像特征提取

针对传统局部特征提取算法难以确定邻域参数,以及仅考虑数据间的单一结构而漏掉重要信息的问题,提出一种基于稀疏表示和学习图正则的局部判别与全局稀疏保持投影算法。该算法首先对稀疏表示模型施加基于学习的图正则器,用该改进的稀疏表示模型自适应揭示样本数据间的局部线性结构,通过局部判别模型全局集成算法来提取局部线性结构中的判别信息;利用基于学习图正则稀疏表示模型构建的新型稀疏图来揭示数据间的全局稀疏结构;使得数据的局部判别结构和全局稀疏结构在低维特征空间得以保持。通过1-近邻和支持向量机分类器对实验结果进行评估,在PaviaU和Indian Pines两个高光谱公共数据集上的实验显示,提出的局部判别与全局稀疏保持投影算法较对比算法取得了最好的性能,由于提取了全局和局部的判别信息,有效提升了高光谱图像的地物分类精度。     

一种基于稀疏编码空间金字塔匹配的图像分类算法

图像分类技术是近年来计算机视觉领域中的研究热点,在移动互联网领域中取得了成功应用。提出了一种基于稀疏编码空间金字塔匹配的图像分类算法。该方法首先对图像的SIFT特征进行稀疏编码,替代了传统的矢量量化方法,可以有效降低量化误差,构建更为准确的图像表征方式,然后结合空间金字塔匹配算法采用线性分类器对图像进行分类识别。在标准测试图像数据库上的实验结果表明,相比BOF和SPM方法,该算法可以将图像分类准确率提高4%~12%。     

空-谱二维蚁群组合优化SVM的高光谱图像分类

提出了一种空-谱二维特征蚁群组合优化支持向量机的高光谱图像分类算法。利用两类蚁群分别在光谱维空间和样本分布空间交替搜索最大类间距波段组合和异质样本,提取最优特征波段,降低了高光谱的波段信息冗余,去除训练样本中的异质样本,优化了训练样本特征空间分布。将蚁群组合优化后的高光谱图像和训练样本应用到支持向量机(SVM)分类器中,扩大了特征空间类间距,提高了SVM算法的分类精度。实验表明该算法总分类精度达95.45%,Kappa系数0.925 2,是一种分类精度较高的高光谱图像分类方法。