脉冲电场对脂肪氧化酶及多酚氧化酶构象影响的光谱分析

以多酚氧化酶(Polyhenol oxidase, PPO)和脂肪氧化酶(Lipoxygenase, LOX)为研究材料, 利用圆二色谱(CD)和荧光光谱分析了脉冲电场(PEF)对此两种酶蛋白二级和三级构象的影响。PPO和LOX酶活在电场强度为20 kV·cm-1的同轴处理室内处理320 μs分别降低了60.3%和21.7%,并且,随着电场强度的增大, 脉冲处理时间的延长, PPO与LOX酶的活性进一步降低。通过CD光谱图发现, PEF处理后,PPO和LOX的α-螺旋含量显著降低, 而β-折叠含量则呈现增长, 表明PPO与LOX酶蛋白中的二级构象在PEF处理后发生了极大的改变, 酶活钝化和二级结构的破坏之间存在对应关系。PEF处理后LOX的荧光强度增加, 随电场强度增强荧光强度增加幅度显著增大,表明PEF破坏了LOX三级构象,酶活钝化和三级结构的破坏之间存在对应关系。     

FTIR分析脉冲电场和热处理后的大豆分离蛋白结构变化

采用自行研制的脉冲电场设备,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)比较研究了脉冲电场(PEF)和热处理对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)分子结构的影响.结果表明:50 kV·cn-1的脉冲场强处理引起SPI分子内和分子间氢键增强,分子中C-O-O糖苷键伸缩振动和P=O,P-O-C伸缩振动增强,且其增加值与PEF处理时间呈正相关.研究发现较短时间(1 600 μs)PEF处理导致了SPI分子结构中α-螺旋和β-折叠分别减少了5.9%和0.7%,β-转角和侧链结构分别增加了7.5%和9.6%;处理时间延长至2 400 μs,其α-螺旋和β-折叠减少量增至6.0%和5.6%.对比而言,热处理对SPI分子结构中C-O-O糖精苷键伸缩振动和P=O,P-O-C伸缩振动的影响程度较大,而对蛋白质二级结构影响程度较小:90℃热处理30 min,α-螺旋和β-折叠分别减小5.1%和6.6%,β-转角结构增加19.1%.由此可以认为PEF和热处理对SPI的影响机理是不一样的.     

高压脉冲电场对脂肪氧化酶二级和三级构象的影响效果

应用圆二色谱和荧光光谱研究了高压脉冲电场(PEF)对脂肪氧化酶(LOX)的二级和三级构象的影响效果。研究结果表明PEF破坏了LOX二级和三级结构。PEF处理后,LOX的CD光谱中两个特征负峰值显著降低,二级结构中α-螺旋含量显著降低(p<0.05),并且LOX中α-螺旋含量和电场强度之间存在良好线性关系。PEF处理后LOX发射光谱中特征峰(337和583 nm)的荧光强度显著增大(p<0.05),特征峰相对荧光强度和电场强度之间存在良好线性关系。结果表明PEF酶活钝化跟酶二级和三级结构的破坏有关,为PEF钝酶机理研究提供理论基础。     

应用红外光谱研究电场对超氧化物歧化酶二级结构的影响

超氧化物歧化酶经不同强度的电场处理,利用红外光谱法研究电场对超氧化物歧化酶二级结构的影响。结果表明,经不同电场强度处理的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),其二级结构单元百分含量有不同程度的变化。α-螺旋和β-折叠结构单元在电场处理后,均为减少;β-转角结构单元均为增加;无规卷曲结构单元除4.0 kV·cm-1电场处理条件减少外,其余电场处理条件均为增加。电场处理具有使超氧化物歧化酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠向β-转角和无轨卷曲结构转化的作用,且不同电场条件下其转化情况不同。研究结果还表明,电场的作用使SOD活性发生改变,SOD活性变化与β-折叠含量变化相关。     

50 Hz脉冲电场作用下胰岛素构象变化的拉曼光谱分析

以激光拉曼光谱为手段,研究了经50 Hz脉冲电场作用后,胰岛素分子构象的变化。分析表明：经50 Hz低频脉冲电场作用后,胰岛素分子的共价键体系仍保持完好,但是分子的氢键体系发生了改变。主要表现在：α螺旋结构遭到破坏,α螺旋相对于β折叠的含量降低,致使酰胺Ⅰ带的峰向高波数方向移动。α螺旋结构的解聚使原本位于螺旋内部的振动暴露。三个二硫键的强度均减弱,且向短波方向稍有移动,也说明其周围的微环境发生了变化。另外,胰岛素二聚体之间的氢键遭破坏,导致相关拉曼峰的出现或者增强。     

拉曼光谱法研究不同环境温度下脉冲电场对胰岛素二级结构影响及理论模型分析

近年来,弱电磁辐射生物效应已受到人们的普遍关注.前期研究发现脉冲电场与环境温度对胰岛素分子的构象产生协同效应.因此,文章首先应用拉曼光谱法研究了不同环境温度下脉冲电场对胰岛素分子二级结构的影响,得到胰岛素分子α螺旋结构含量的变化;并运用蛋白质螺旋-线团结构转变模型对实验结果进行定量分析,得到的理论模型可以较好地刻画不同环境温度下,脉冲电场对胰岛素分子α螺旋结构含量的影响.脉冲电场的作用及热力学环境的改变,使蛋白质螺旋结构向无规线团结构发生转变,可以解释脉冲电场作用下,胰岛素分子α螺旋结构含量随环境温度升高而下降的原因.研究结果为进一步研究弱电磁辐射对生物大分子二级结构的非热效应机理提供了一定的实验依据及理论参考.     

LED诱导延迟荧光技术评价脉冲电场对玉米幼苗抗旱性的影响（英文）

脉冲电场(pulsed electric field,PEF)对作物抗旱性的影响是电场生物学效应研究的重要课题,作物叶片延迟荧光动力学参数可以从不同角度灵敏地反映叶片细胞光合系统发生的变化。为了从活体细胞角度揭示脉冲电场对作物幼苗抗旱性的影响及其机理,使用频率为1Hz、场强为200kV·m~(-1)、脉宽为80ms的PEF处理萌发玉米种子,再采用渗透势为-0.1MPa的PEG-6000溶液形成干旱胁迫,研究了玉米幼苗生长过程中叶片干质量和LED诱导的叶片延迟荧光动力学参数的变化。结果发现,在-0.1 MPa的PEG-6000溶液形成的干旱胁迫下,玉米幼苗叶片干质量逐渐增加,经过PEF处理的玉米幼苗叶片干质量大于对照,相对增长率在5.8%~18.7%之间(p0.05)。叶片延迟荧光动力学分析显示,干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片延迟荧光动力学参数初始光子数I0、相干时间τ、衰减参数β和延迟荧光积分强度I(T)都发生了波动性的变化,这些变化是叶片细胞对干旱胁迫的适应性反应,PEF处理使玉米幼苗叶片延迟荧光各动力学参数和延迟荧光积分强度均明显大于对照组,表明PEF处理使玉米幼苗叶片细胞的光合潜力、组织序性和功能分子之间的相互作用都有所加强,叶片综合光合能力提高了。研究结果为阐明PEF对作物幼苗抗旱性的影响及其机理提供参考。     

银纳米颗粒对溶菌酶纤维化影响的浓度效应（英文）

纳米颗粒对蛋白质淀粉纤维化过程的影响机制对扩大其在生物学诊断和纳米药物应用中起到至关重要的作用.在本研究中,通过拉曼光谱结合原子力显微镜和硫磺素T荧光光谱实验研究不同浓度银纳米颗粒条件下的溶菌酶淀粉纤维化过程.利用四个具有代表性的拉曼光谱指标在分子水平上监测蛋白质的三级结构和二级结构的转化过程,如:Trp费米共振双峰(1340 cm~(-1)和1360 cm~(-1)),二硫键伸缩振动峰(507 cm~(-1)),N-Cα-C伸缩振动峰(933 cm~(-1)),以及酰胺Ⅰ谱带.结果证实银纳米颗粒对溶菌酶淀粉样纤维化动力学的浓度依赖性影响.在存在低浓度(17μg/mL)银纳米颗粒的情况下,纳米颗粒的静电相互作用可以稳定蛋白质的二硫键,并保护疏水残基(如:Trp残基)不易暴露于亲水环境中,从而导致形成无规则聚集体而不是原纤维.然而,在高浓度(1700μg/mL)银纳米颗粒的情况下,大量银纳米颗粒之间静电相互作用的竞争将导致溶菌酶自然二硫键的断裂,并形成Ag-S键.银纳米颗粒为蛋白质提供了相互作用的功能表面,在蛋白质α螺旋结构直接转变为有组织的β折叠结构中起到了桥梁的作用.本研究揭示了银纳米颗粒对鸡蛋清溶菌酶淀粉纤维化过程动力学的争议作用.     

不同电场强度下Au取代二元胺DAPDI结构和性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了一种分子导线:Au取代二元胺N,N'—bis(4—amino—2,3,5,6—tetramethylphenyl)phtalene—1,2,4,5—dicarboximide(DAPDI),并对它在不同电场强度下的结构和性质进行了分析.结果表明,该分子导线无论几何结构还是电子结构都对外电场很敏感.总电偶极矩及其X方向分量会跟随外电场持续线性的增加,因此强外电场可将该分子高度极化.     

37BiScO_3-63PbTiO_3铁电陶瓷的极化翻转行为研究

在正弦电场E=E0sin(2πft)加载下,通过改变电场E0(5—55kV/cm)和频率f(0.1—100Hz),测量了37BiScO3-63PbTiO3铁电陶瓷材料的电滞回线.数据拟合结果表明:在低电场和高电场阶段,剩余极化强度Pr的对数和矫顽场强Ec的对数都与电场强度E0的对数存在线性关系,而介于高电场与低电场之间则无线性关系存在,这种三阶段行为有别于现有的两阶段行为.这可归结于铁电陶瓷在不同的电场作用下铁电极化机理的不同.     

Study on temperature & EMF co-effects on insulin conformation and biological functions by fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy

Our previous studies had suggested that the intercellular signal molecule might be an important target of electromagnetic fields. Insulin, an intercellule signal molecule, plays a critical role in transferring life information. The studies on effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on insulin molecule are meaningful for explaining the mechanism of biological effects of electromagnetic fields. The PEF, which we used, with its highest electric field (2 x 10(6) V x m(-1)) coupled into the insulin buffer, was about 1 V x cm(-1) cm, with a repeating frequency of 50 Hz. In the present study, the changes of insulin conformation induced by PEF were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Insulin solution was exposed to 50 Hz PEF with different electric field intensities for 5-35 min, which caused a time-and dose-dependent decrease in fluorescence intensities of insulin. Further, insulin solution was exposed to PEF at different temperatures to investigate the effects of PEF co-operated with temperature on insulin. The results indicated that the difference in temperature (about 5 degrees C) could induce conflict results, which is due to the effects of PEF co-operated with temperature rather than only to the effect of temperature. The authors calculated that the increase in temperature induced by PEF was 0.07 degrees C (less than 0.1 degrees C). So the effects of PEF were scarcely explained by thermal effects, it belongs to "non-thermal effects" of electric fields. So it was concluded that temperature is a considerably important factor in "non-thermal effects" of electric fields, and the ignorance of variety of temperature probably result in the contrary conclusion. Further, Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the details of structure of insulin treated by PEF co-operated with temperature. The results of Raman spectroscopy verified the effects of PEF co-operated with temperature on insulin. And the reductions of the S-S band intensity at 510 cm(-1), the skeletal C-C stretch band intensity at 934 cm(-1), and the content of the secondary structure of the alpha helix were observed. Both S--S linkages and alpha helix structure were important to the stabilization of insulin conformation. Modification of insulin may change the biological activity either by reducing the affinity of the hormone for the receptor or by decreasing the ability of the complex, when formed, to elicit a biological response.     

Unfolding and Fibrillogenesis of Insulin: Temperature,Pressure and Chemistry

Protein folding or unfolding can lead to the population of intermediates or partially unfolded conformations that have a high aggregation tendency. Some of these states associate in vivo to form fibrillar structures. These fibrils are the hallmark of molecular diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. It has been suggested that in vitro fibril formation is a generic property of all proteins. Insulin has been chosen as a model protein to study the process of fibrillation with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. It is found that the formation of fibrils is preceded by amorphous aggregation. We also investigated the effect of hydrostatic pressure on insulin fibrils. The observed spectral changes are interpreted in terms of fibril dissociation into protofilaments. Preliminary results indicate that pressure is an interesting tool to characterize the interactions that maintain the fibril structure.     

超声处理黑豆蛋白结构变化的拉曼光谱分析

探究了拉曼光谱应用于黑豆蛋白结构变化研究的可行性,研究了黑豆蛋白溶液在低频超声处理在不同超声强度、不同处理时间下的结构变化,并进行了热力学特性分析。低、中超声处理强度下TD的降低表明蛋白质分子的内部疏水作用被破坏,使黑豆蛋白不稳定的聚集体解聚为小分子可溶性聚集物,而在高超声处理强度下TD的增高表明聚集体重聚。拉曼光谱分析表明超声处理下除了E样品(300 W, 24 min)所有黑豆蛋白均发生了α-螺旋结构含量降低和β-折叠结构含量增高。聚集体的聚合/解聚导致黑豆蛋白二级结构的重组,尤其是β-折叠。超声处理使拉曼光谱在760 cm-1的色氨酸归属谱线强度降低表明超声处理使黑豆蛋白发生了部分的解折叠。超声处理下酪氨酸归属谱线强度变化不显著,表明超声处理并未显著改变黑豆蛋白酪氨酸的微环境。1 450 cm-1拉曼归属谱带随着超声处理强度和时间的增加而增大,但随着功率及处理时间的进一步增大此值有所降低。在超声处理下聚集体的形成使二硫键的g-g-t构型转变为t-g-t构型。尽管黑豆蛋白聚集体重组的机理仍有待研究,但拉曼光谱是一种研究超声处理黑豆蛋白结构变化的可行方法,也可为蛋白质结构研究提供一种新的研究思路。     

Response of polyatomic molecules to ultrastrong laser- and ion-induced fields

The exposure of molecules to short, ultrastrong electric fields leads to multiple ionization and a subsequent Coulomb explosion. We present a comparative study where uracil molecules are exposed to fields generated by high-power laser pulses (tau approximately 75 fs, I > 10(16) W/cm2) or swift highly charged ions (0.5 MeV Xe25+) representing a half-cycle pulse of less than 10 fs duration. Molecular dynamics and structural information contained in the fragmentation pathways can be assessed separately. Despite the similar field strengths large differences in fragment kinetic energies are found which are related to field shape and duration with the aid of molecular dynamics simulations.     

Reversible and irreversible denaturation processes in globular proteins: from collective to molecular spectroscopic analysis

Different spectroscopic techniques were applied for studying the structural properties of lysozyme in salt‐free aqueous solutions. The results of vibrational and Brillouin scattering measurements were compared to obtain both single‐molecule and collective properties of the solutions. The characterization of the protein system, from the conformation of the polypeptide chain to the exposure of side chains to the solvent and the arrangement of the solution network, was then achieved in the range 25–85 °C. Through the analysis of the indole breathing mode, a different environment for the six tryptophan residues of an unfolded lysozyme could be evidenced. Short and long exposures to high temperatures were used to modulate the competition between the thermally induced reversible and irreversible denaturation processes. These different thermal treatments were applied to distinguish between the effects of global unfolding of the single molecule from those of self‐aggregation and gel formation. It has been observed that clusterization occurs at melting temperatures with slow kinetics; also, aggregates evolve from the completely unfolded state of the protein and lead to a sensitive increase in viscosity. This effect probably hinders any further conformational rearrangement of the molecules in the aggregate; thus as a consequence, the disordered structure of clusters does not change to give the β‐sheet organization, characteristic of filaments or fibrils. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乙酰化修饰抑制?-synuclein的纤维化聚集

天然无结构蛋白a-synuclein（a-syn）的纤维化聚集是帕金森病的特征表现。静电相互作用已被证明会显著影响a-syn 的聚集。该文通过简单的赖氨酸乙酰化修饰改变蛋白的净电荷,研究静电效应对于a-syn 的构象和纤维化聚集的影响。核磁共振（NMR）实验结果表明乙酰化后的a-syn仍然是无序结构,而且展现出比野生型更加伸展的构象。由于N端和C端都高度带负电荷,结构打开会更加暴露NAC区域,静电排斥和疏水作用共同存在,但 ThT 荧光实验发现乙酰化修饰抑制了它的纤维化聚集,因此我们认为这里静电排斥占据主导作用。这种依赖电荷的作用机理会帮助我们更好地理解a-syn的纤维化聚集,而乙酰化修饰也提供了一种抑制聚集的新方法。     

脉冲电场与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的同步荧光光谱和拉曼光谱比较研究

应用同步荧光光谱和拉曼光谱研究了脉冲电场与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用。同步荧光光谱研究表明,脉冲电场对牛血清白蛋白的发射荧光光谱强度产生影响,降低了处于其活性部位的色氨酸和酪氨酸残基的发射荧光强度。拉曼光谱进一步验证了这种实验结果。两种实验表明：脉冲电场改变了处于牛血清白蛋白活性中心的芳香族氨基酸所处的微环境,进而表明了蛋白质的构象发生了变化,从而影响它的生物学功能。