氚化钛时效行为研究

氚化物中氚衰变生成的3He的聚集会显著影响材料的物理化学性质。金属氚化物中3He行为的研究当前在国际上还是一个非常活跃的领域，从事相关研究的实验室大部分都是直接从事核武器的设计、研制和生产的国家实验室。     

金属氚化物中^3He的热解析行为初步研究

国内外关于金属中氦行为的热解析研究报道尚不多见，特别是关于高固氦合金材料设计、制备、性能快速评价的研究尤为缺乏。本工作从室温到1273K全程线性升温，采用四极质谱计实时测量的方法，研究金属氚化物中^3He的热解析行为。     

氚化钛中氦的热解析

氚以金属氚化物贮存形式过程中，会衰变生成氦-3，从而影响金属氚化物的使用性能。文中采用热解析方法研究了不同贮存周期氦在金属氚化物中的能量状态的变化情况。     

30MeV/u 40 Ar+112,124Sn反应后角能谱温度的同位旋效应

在30MeV/u^40Ar 112,124Sn反应中用平行板雪崩计数器实现了前冲余核的测量，在不同的线性动量转移下用运动源模型拟合了后角的3He,α和^6He能谱，发现^3He的能谱斜率温度在^124Sn系统中高于^112Sn系数，而^6He的温度在^112Sn系统中更高，a粒子在两个系统中没有明显差别，用热核粒子蒸发过程衰变道的选择对这种同位旋相关性进行了解释，GEMINI的计算不能重视实验结果。     

利用手征SU(3)夸克模型研究轻双Λ超核^6_ΛΛHe,^5_ΛΛHe,^5_ΛΛH,^4_ΛΛHe,和^4_ΛΛH的结合能

在手征SU(3)夸克集团模型下, 通过共振群方法(RGM)计算了双Λ超核^6_ΛΛHe,^5_ΛΛHe,^5_ΛΛH,^4_ΛΛHe,和^4_ΛΛH的结合能. 结果表明, 假定双Λ超核具有双Λ集团和壳心核集团构成的两集团结构, 得到的^6_ΛΛHe超核的结合能与实验值基本吻合, 表明手征SU(3)夸克集团模型不仅能较好地描述重子谱、N-N和Y-N相互作用及轻Λ超核的结合能, 也能较好地描述Y-Y相互作用及双Λ超核^6_ΛΛHe,^5_ΛΛHe,^5_ΛΛH,^4_ΛΛHe,和^4_ΛΛH的结合能, 指出了它们存在的可能性.     

直流磁控溅射沉积含He钛膜的研究

研究了用He/Ar混合溅射气体的直流磁控溅射制备钛膜中，He的掺入现象.分析结果表明，大量的He原子（He/Ti原子比高达56%）被均匀地引入到Ti膜中，其He含量可由混合溅射气体的He分量精确控制.通过调节溅射参数，可实现样品中He的低损伤引入.研究还发现，溅射沉积的含氦Ti膜具有较高的He成泡剂量和高的固He能力，这可能是溅射沉积形成了纳米晶Ti膜所致.纳米晶Ti膜较粗晶材料具有很高浓度的He捕陷中心，使He泡密度增大而泡尺寸减小.随He引入量的增加，Ti膜的晶粒尺寸减小，He引起的晶体点阵参数和X射线衍射峰宽度增大，晶体的无序程度增加.Helium trapping in the Ti films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering with a He/Ar mixture was studied. He atoms with a surprisingly high concentration (He/Ti atomic ratio is as high as 56%)incorporate evenly in deposited film. The trapped amount of He can be controlled by the helium partial amount. The introduction of the helium with no extra damage(or very low damage) can be realized by choosing suitable deposition conditions. It was also found that because of the formation of nanophase Ti film a relative high He flux for bubble formation is needed and the amount of the retain He in sputtering Ti films is much higher than that in the coarse grain Ti films. The nanophase Ti film can accommodate larger concentration of trapped sites to He, which results in a high density and small size of the He bubbles. With the increasing He irradiation flux, the grain size of Ti film decreases and the lattice spacing and width of the X ray diffraction peak increase due to the He introduction, and the film tends to amorphous phase.     

Pre-formation Probability of ^5He Cluster in Pre-equilibrium Mechanism

The possibility of ^5He cluster emission has been affirmed theoretically. In order to describe the emission probability of SHe cluster, the pre-formation probability of ^5He cluster in pre-equilibrium emission process is needed to be established. In terms of Iwamoto-Harada model, the theoretical formula of pre-formation probability of ^5He cluster including lp shell nucleon in pre-equilibrium mechanism has been established and calculated. In the case of low incident energies, the configuration of [1, m] for ^5He cluster is the dominant part in the nuclear reaction. The calculated results indicate that pre-formation probability of configuration [1, m] for the unstable SHe duster is much smaller than those of d, t, ^3He, and ^4He, i.e. the light stable composite particles, which are consisted of only ls shell nucleons. However, it is propitious to the emission of ^5He from the point of view on threshold energies, since the binding energies of ^5He are generally lower than that of 3He in compound nucleus. The corresponding model formula has been given in this paper for described pre-formation probability of ^5He cluster in pre-equilibrium mechanism.     

30MeV/u 40Ar+112,124Sn反应中的同位素产额比与核温度

系统研究了30MeV/u^40Ar ^112,124Sn反应中的轻粒子同位素产额比随角度和初始激发能的变化关系,对于两个反应体系,均观察到3He/^4He和^6Ni/^7Li的产额比随角度的增加而增加,^6He/^4He和^8Li/^7Li随角度的增加而减少,统计发射的运动学效应不能完全符合实验结果,各种单同位素产额比与靶核的N／Z比有关,表现出同位旋效应,而由双同位素比提取的核温度几乎没有靶核相关性。     

一种测量次级中子能谱的新方法

采用双飞行时间法创建了一台非常规快中子飞行时间谱仪，排除了用D（d,n)^3He中子源测量8－13MeV能区次级中子双微分截面时源中破裂中子群对次级中子能谱测量的干扰，结合常规快中子飞行时间谱仪的测量，实现了用D（d,n)^3He中子源开展8－13MeV中子能区次级中子双微分截面的测量。     

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of helium Behaviour in Copper Crystals

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the behaviour of helium atoms generated from tritium decay in perfect Cu crystals at 300 K. At the early stage just after a ^3He atom generation, the lattice structure is badly deformed and the local temperature rises considerably above 300K. Single ^3He atom diffuses by interstitial paths, whereas two ^3He atoms attract each other and can form a stable dimer, which pushes a Cu atom out of its original lattice site and occupies the vacancy. This dimer can catch another ^3He atom and form atrimer with an equilateral triangular structure.     

用于双色全息存储（Fe，Cu）：LiNbO3晶体的参量优化计算

在确定Cu在LiNbO3晶体中对应于365nm和633nm的激发系数、复合系数、光伏系数的基础上，采用龙格-库塔（Runge-Kutta）数值方法理论研究了双掺杂（Fe，Cu）：LiNbO3晶体的深浅能级的掺杂组分比、氧化-还原状态对双色全息存储的记录灵敏度和动态范围的影响，并探讨了同时取得尽可能大的灵敏度和动态范围的晶体条件。结果表明，为了同时得到较大的记录灵敏度和动态范围，在实际应用中选用浅能级掺杂浓度为5．0×10^25m^-3，深能级掺杂浓度为3×10^24～3×10^25m^-3之间的弱氧化晶体是合适的。     

利用GEANT4研究轻带电粒子诱发反应出射中子双微分产额

轻带电粒子诱发反应产生次级中子的研究对于加速器屏蔽设计和优化具有重要意义。利用Geant4程序结合INCL、BIC、BERT物理模型分别计算了33 MeV的d核、65 MeV的3He核和4He核轰击厚的碳、铜和铅靶在轻带电粒子诱发反应产生次级中子的研究对于加速器屏蔽设计和优化具有重要意义。利用Geant4程序结合INCL、BIC、BERT物理模型分别计算了33 MeV的d核、65 MeV的3He核和4He核轰击厚的碳、铜和铅靶在$0^{\circ}$，$15^{\circ}$，$45^{\circ}$，$75^{\circ}$和$135^{\circ}$等方向出射中子的双微分产额，并与实验数据进行了比较。研究表明，对于33 MeV的d核诱发的核反应，INCL模型的计算结果基本上再现了碳靶和铜靶的实验数据，但高估了铅靶直接过程产生的中子。BIC模型和BERT模型的计算结果没有重现弹核削裂过程对应的宽峰。对于65 MeV的3He核诱发的核反应，三个模型的计算结果均未能重现前向角弹核削裂过程产生的中子，但在$15^{\circ}$，$45^{\circ}$，$75^{\circ}$和$135^{\circ}$上三个模型的计算结果与实验数据符合较好。对于65 MeV的4He核诱发的核反应，INCL模型的计算结果与碳靶和铜靶的实验数据符合较好，但低估了铅靶的中子产额。BIC模型和BERT模型的计算结果低估了碳靶的实验数据，且在大角度上略微高估了铅靶的实验数据。     

Influence of D-state in 4He on S Factor for the 2H（d, γ）^4He Reaction

We employ a direct capture method to study the influence of D-state in ^4He on S factor for the ^2H（d,γ）^4He reaction, in which the D-state component of the colliding deuterons and D-state component in ^4He ground state are considered. The parameters of Woods-Saxon （WS） potentials are obtained by reproducing the binding energy of d-d （i.e. ^2H-^2H） system, and d-d elastic scattering phase shifts calculated by the resonating group method. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data at Ec.m〈 3 MeV. The impact of the D state probability in ^4He on the extrapolated value of the astrophysical S factor for ^2H（d, γ）^4He reaction is discussed.     

Relaxation of Small Molecules: an ab initio Study

The formation mechanism for the equilateral triangle structure of the He3^ cluster is proposed.The curve of the total energy versus the internuclear distance R for this structure has been caclulated by the method of a modified arrangement channel quantum mechanics,The result shows that the curve has a minimal -7.81373 a.u.at R=1.55 a0. The binding energy of He3^ with respect to He He^ He was calculated to be 0.1064 a.u.(about 2.89 eV).This means that the He3^ cluster may be formed in the equilateral triangle structure stable by the interaction of He^ with two helium atoms.     

^8He的电荷分布半径

^8He原子核中包含2个质子,6个中子,是氦元素中最重的同位素,也是地球上中子一质子比最大的核素．最近,美国、法国、加拿大的一个联合研究组第一次成功地测量了其电荷分布半径,结果显示,^8He原子核中质子分布的半径为1．93fm,比^8He（2．068fm）要小．也就是说,质量较轻的^8He核中质子的空间分布反而更大．     

非束缚核9He的实验研究

简要介绍了目前有关非稳定核^9He的实验和理论研究现状．现代壳模型理论计算表明。He的基态自旋宇称为1／2^+，而不是1／2^-，即存在自旋宇称翻转现象．到目前为止，实验上虽然观测到了^9He的几个共振态，但还不能确认其基态的能量和自旋宇称值．利用新的实验技术——逆运动学弹性共振散射，对^9He核进行研究，给出了共振态的自旋宇称可能的取值范围．在ISOL型次级束装置上的实验有望能给出^9He核能级的精确测量．The status of theoretical and experimental investigations on unbound nucleus()~(9)He is briefly introduced. The results of modern shell model suggest that the ground state of~(9)He should be 1/2~(+) instead of 1/2~(- )as expected by the normal shell ordering. Therefore, it means that the parity inversion which was well known in~(11)Be occurs also in~(9)He ground state. Recently, some resonance states were observed in transfer reactions and final-state reaction, but their spin-parities cannot be exact...     

25MeV／u^6He十^9Be破裂反应的α碎片发射

测量了在25MeV／u^6He轰击^9Be靶的破裂反应产生的α碎片双微分截面及角分布，并在Ser—ber模型的框架下计算了在破裂反应中衍射破裂与擦去过程的贡献，并对结果进行了讨论．结果表明基于包含衍射破裂和擦去过程的Serber模型可以对^6He的直接反应进行较好地描述，擦去过程的贡献远大于衍射破裂的贡献．相对于^6Li而言，^6He较大的去2n微分截面源于它的弱束缚特性。     

Tm：YVO4晶体中Tm^3＋的发光研究

测量了Tm:YVO4晶体的吸收光谱,以346nm,363nm(^1D2),475nm(^1G4),698nm(^3F2,^3F3)和801nm(^3H4)光激发时的发射光谱,以及位于454nm(^1D2→^3F4),475nm(^1G4→^3H6),646nm(^1G4→^3F4),806nm(^3H4→^3H6)的荧光谱线的激发光谱,对测量的结果进行了详细分析,解释了离子能级间的跃迁过程,提出了Tm:YVO4晶体基质与Tm^3 之间的能量交换的概念和新的跃迁通道,证实了存在^1D2 ^3H6→^1G4 ^3F4以及^1G4 ^3H6→^3H4 ^3H5的能量传递过程,还可能存在交叉弛豫过程^1G4 ^H6→^3F2 ^3F4. 这些过程使得Tm:YVO4晶体难以实现^1D2能级上转换发光（454nm左右）,但475nm的上转换发光（^1G4→^3H6)较强,^3F4能级是潜在红外激光发射能级。     

激发态RbHe(Ar)分子的光离解

本文研究了Rb（5^2P) He(Ar) nhv→Rb(7^2D) He(Ar) n-1)hv过程，激光频率调离Rb7D5/2→5P3/2跃迁谱线20－100cm^-1，测量了精细结构普线强度分支出I（7D3／2→5P1／2）／I（7D5／2→5P3／2）。测量结果表明，原相互作用势和非绝热效应在分子离解动力学中起关键作用。     

掺He钛膜中He泡的演化研究

本文利用慢正电子束分析（SPBA）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）方法研究了钛膜内He相关缺陷的演化．实验结果表明：室温下，钛膜中的He主要形成均匀的小He泡．随着He浓度的增大，He泡的密度相应地增加．在973K高温退火后，在含高浓度He的钛膜样品中观测到大He泡的出现．实验结果表明迁移合并和较大He泡周围的级联融合共同作用导致了大He泡的形成．