费米子和Julia-Zee双子系统的束缚态条件

本文讨论了一个SU(2) Higgs场与费米子场的标量耦合模型. 主要结果是: (1) 把Julia-Zee双子处理为外势, 得到了费米子径向波函数所满足的联立方程程组; (2) 求出了无穷远处和零点附近的渐近解; (3) 定性地讨论了费米子束缚态存在的必要条件. 发现, 对于磁单极情形, 当h→0时, 必不存在费米子束缚态. 对于双子情形, 在h→0的情况下, 费米子束缚态可能存在.     

费密子与Dirac双子系统的耦合问题

除了库仑耦合和Kazama-杨振宁耦合——кqβ∑·r/2Mr³外,本文同时讨论了费密子Dirac双子应当存在的另一耦合iкzz_de²γ·r/2Mr³。结果表明,对所有角动量态,费密子径向波函数具有物理上合理的原点渐近行为。定性地分析了束缚态的必要条件。发现,对于双子情形,当额外磁矩к→0时,存在费密子束缚态是可能的;但对于磁单极情形,当к→0时,必不存在费密子束缚态。 关键词：     

SO(10)模型中的一类Jackiw-Rebbi零能束缚态

本文讨论了SO(10)大统一模型的球对称磁单极以及在这个模型中的Jackiw-Rebbi型费米子-磁单极零能束缚态问题. 结果表明, 在这个理论中并不存在这样的零能束缚态.     

超重费米子——SO(10)磁单极零能束缚态问题

本文讨论了GUT中超重费米子——SO(10)磁单极零能束缚态的问题, 发现此零能束缚态可能存在; 由此推得, 在超重费米子情况下, 可能存在Rubakov效应.     

电磁学与电动力学中的磁单极-Ⅱ

本系列文章一共4篇,在电磁学和电动力学框架内用尽量科普的方式分别介绍磁单极的若干奇特性质.本篇文章主要介绍狄拉克磁单极是如何展示矢量势的规范变换的.我们首先简要介绍规范变换与规范对称性及狄拉克磁单极与狄拉克弦,然后讨论狄拉克磁单极与规范变换的联系.我们显式演示狄拉克弦摆动产生的规范变换,弦摆动区域对场点所张的立体角正比于规范变换的变换函数.磁偶极子则可以由两个无穷靠近的正反狄拉克磁单极构成.相应两条狄拉克弦位置的变化都对应磁偶极子矢量势的规范变换,特别当两条弦重合时弦效应相互抵消,只剩下纯的磁偶极子.传统的由磁偶极子产生的矢量势的规范变换则可以图像化为组成磁偶极子的正反狄拉克磁单极的狄拉克弦的摆动.我们显式地计算了位于坐标原点弦为直线的狄拉克磁单极,并进一步构造了没有奇异的吴大峻-杨振宁磁单极.     

SU(6)大统一模型

本文提出的SU(6)大统一模型, 能容纳现代(V－A)耦合的普通费米子和现代(V+A)耦合的异常费米子. 通过引进一种分立对称性, 使得SU(6)通过Higgs机制自发破缺时, 费米子能得到低质量. 本文还做到了利用简单的Higgs场及其真空期望值, 使异常费米子的质量比普通费米子的质量重. 得到的sin²θw在大统一点的值为3/8.     

关于非亚贝尔规范群的对偶荷(单磁荷)问题(Ⅱ)

本文把我们在前一工作中所发展的使规范势与球面上的联络相对应的方法推广于讨论有O(5)对称的SU(2)磁单极势,得到了有双弦奇异性及单弦奇异性的磁单极势的表达式.最后通过一个坐标-规范联合交换,得出了无奇异弦的,有O(5)对称的SU(2)磁单极规范势.     

(2+1)维SU(2)四费米子耦合理论的Ward-Takahashi恒等式和质量谱

本文利用含复合场的Ward-Takahashi恒等式研究了(2+1)维SU(2)四费米子耦合的理论.在SU(2)手征对称性既有明显破缺又有动力学破缺时,得到了动力学所生成的费米子质量和束缚态的谱性质,并讨论了矢量流和轴矢流的性质.结果表明:束缚态π_α获得了质量并得到轴矢流部分守恒的结论;当费米子的流质量较小时,Goldberger-Treiman关系近似成立.     

一个可能的SU(9)大统一模型

本文选择了一种不同于一般文献的第一步Higgs自发破缺机制,使得SU(9)可容纳三代左手费米子,而不破坏SU(3)c的渐近自由行为。     

磁单极和电磁对偶性

根据狄拉克-麦克斯韦方程组和推广的洛伦兹力公式,讨论了磁单极和电磁对偶性的基本概念和物理意义.麦克斯韦方程组和洛伦兹力公式可以通过对偶变化转化为电荷与磁荷并存的形式;但是狄拉克磁单极假设改变了麦克斯韦方程组的结构,任何对偶变换都不能将狄拉克-麦克斯韦方程组简化为只有电荷而没有磁荷的原始形式.采用推广的洛伦兹力公式,还证明了狄拉克-麦克斯韦电磁场的能量密度和玻印亭矢量,以及动量密度和动量流张量形式不变.最后,我们还将狄拉克-麦克斯韦方程组分解为仅仅分别包含电荷与磁荷的两组麦克斯韦方程,传统的电动力学理论可以直接推广应用于磁单极问题.     

DOES THE RUBAKOV EFFECT EXIST IN AN SU(2) MODEL

In an SU(2) spontaneously broken gauge theory with a Higgs triplet, the mass effect of an iosspin 1/2 fermion on the fernlion-nlonopole bound states is discussed. It is shown that when the direct coupling betrveen fermion and Higgs field approaches zero, but the Dirac mass remalns finiteness, the necessary condition of the fermion-monopole bound state cannot be satisfied. This result means that the Rubakov effect is absent for SU(2) monopole because of the Dirac mass.     

Proton decay in locally supersymmetric GUT

Proton decay is studied in the supergravity model with “the hidden sector” as the source of supersymmetry breaking. Each dimension-five operator is found to accompany ΔB ≠ 0 four-scalar interactions. The Higgs fermion exchange for loop diagrams at low energies can be as important as the gauge fermion exchange, if the associated Yukawa coupling is significant as suggested by the radiatively induced SU(2) × U(1) breaking mechanism. The experimental bound for p → K⁰μ⁺ gives the lower bound of the order of 10¹⁶ GeV for the mass of the baryon-number violating Higgs particle.     

Explicit SO(10) supersymmetric grand unified model for the higgs and yukawa sectors

A complete set of fermion and Higgs superfields is introduced with well-defined SO(10) properties and U(1)xZ2xZ2 family charges from which the Higgs and Yukawa superpotentials are constructed. The structures derived for the four Dirac fermion and right-handed Majorana neutrino mass matrices coincide with those previously obtained from an effective operator approach. Ten mass matrix input parameters accurately yield the twenty masses and mixings of the quarks and leptons with the bimaximal atmospheric and solar neutrino vacuum solutions favored in this simplest version.     

Bounds on the number and masses of quarks and leptons

We assume weak, electromagnetic and strong interactions to be asymptotically divergent, and to become strong at very large energies, of the order of the Plank mass. In this picture, the “low-energy” couplings (i.e. in the 10² GeV region) must be near the infrared stable point, and this allows us to put bounds on the number of elementary fermions (quarks and leptons). Similar assumptions on the Higgs couplings give bound on the fermion and on the Higgs boson masses. We consider the cases where weak and electromagnetic interactions are described by the gauge groups SU(2) ? U(1) or SU(2)_R ? U(1). The weak neutral current mixing angle is computed in both cases.     

An SU(8) grand unified model accommodating three generations with V - A coupling

According to the idea of the SU(7) grand unified theories, an SU(8) grand unified model accommodating three generations of light fermions with V-A coupling for the weak interactions is proposed. The Higgs mechanism of spontaneous breaking and the fermion mass matrices in this model are presented.     

Ward-Takahashi Identities and Mass Spectra in (2+1) Dimensional SU(2) Four-fermi Model

Ward-Takahashi identities with composite fields are utilized to inverstigate (2+1) dimensional model with SU(2) four-fermion couplings.When SU(2) chiral symmetry is both explicitly and dynamically broken,fermion mass is dynamically generated and mass spectra of the bound states are obtained The properties of vector and axial-vector currents are discussed.It turns out that the bound state π_α acquires a mass and the axial-vector current is partially conserved,and the Goldberger-Treimab relation is approximately valid in the case of small fermion current masses.     

Upper limit to the lightest Higgs mass in supersymmetric models

Consider all models in which the effective low-energy theory has an SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) gauge group, softly or spontaneously broken supersymmetry, and Higgs doublets. Even though, in general, mass terms in such models are arbitrary (thus “ino” masses can be pushed up to higher and higher values), one can derive mass relations between ordinary Higgs particles. The most crucial relation gives an upper bound of 93 GeV on the mass of the lightest Higgs scalar. We discuss these relations and calculate radiative corrections to them. It is shown that the upper bound can not exceed 95 GeV, and the lower limit to the mass of charged scalar is 78 GeV. Corrections to other relations are also discussed. These relations may provide the first definitive test of low-energy supersymmetry.     

Symmetric versus antisymmetric mass matrices in grand unified theories

We point out some interesting consequences of antisymmetric fermionic mass terms in grand unified theories, which follow from the symmetry properties of the Yukawa-type fermion-Higgs interactions. In SU(5), we show that an antisymmetric mass matrix M(u) in the up-quark sector arises when the Higgs 5 is replaced by 45. IOn SO(10), all the fermion sectors are characterized by such mass matrices if the neutrinos are required not to pick up the ordinary fermionic mass scale. In the recently proposed vertical-horizontal symmetric SU(5) × SU(5) scheme, a fully antisymmetric M(u) is naturally accompanied by exactly five zeroth-order massless neutrinos.     

Gauge hierarchies of SU(N) grand unification

The structure of spontaneous breaking of SU(N) gauge symmetry for grand unification is investigated. The results obtained are applied to the analysis of SU(8) symmetry for which possible ways of breaking and intermediate symmetries are considered. It is assumed that the SU(8) group unifies the subgroups of colour, standard electroweak and horizontal symmetries. We find conditions which it is necessary to impose on the vacuum expectation values of Higgs multiplets to provide an arbitrary breaking pattern of SU(N) symmetry and conserve any intermediate symmetry. If in the SU(8) models considered fermions and mirror fermions do not violate the (V-A) and (V+A) structure of weak interactions, then their masses should not be greater than ～10² GeV. It is also shown that the contributions of fermion and Higgs multiplets to the renormalization group equation for the coupling constant of any subgroup of SU(N) are identical. Renormalization group identities for the case of arbitrary SU(N) breaking are given where the contribution of Higgs multiplets have been taken into account (but they cancel each other). Using these identities one can calculate the mass values for the breaking of the intermediate symmetries in the SU(8) models, and also exclude part of the possible breaking patterns.     

Top Quark,Heavy Fermions and the Composite Higgs Boson

We study the properties of heavy fermions in the vector-like representation of the electroweak gauge group SU(2)_W×U(1)_Y with Yukawa couplings to the standard model Higgs boson. Applying the renormalization group analysis, we discuss the effects of heavy fermions to the vacuum stability bound and the triviality bound on the mass of the Higgs boson. We also discuss the interesting possibility that the Higgs particle is composed of the top quark and heavy fermions. The bound on the composite Higgs mass is estimated using the method of Bardeen, Hill and Lindner (Phys. Rev. D 41 (1990) 1647), 150 GeV ≤ m_H ≤ 450 GeV.