基于TFT-LCD的动态星模拟器星点位置修正方法

介绍了基于TFT-LCD的动态星模拟器的工作原理及星点位置误差的计算方法。利用经纬仪对动态星模拟器显示的网格星点进行测量,计算了各星点的位置误差及修正系数。对网格上星点的修正系数进行分区处理,并利用Matlab软件对各分区的修正系数进行曲线拟合,得到修正系数关于星点位置（方位或俯仰）坐标的方程。结果表明,修正后星点的位置误差均小于35″,满足动态星模拟器的设计要求。     

星模拟器星点能量中心修正方法的研究

对星模光学系统中各种像差对几何中心位置的影响及像差对显示星点能量中心位置造成的偏差进行了分析与综合评估.分析结果表明,视场位置越大的星点产生的像点能量越不均匀,重心偏移越明显,系统中慧差和畸变对于星点能量中心影响较大.根据球面镜组成的共轴光学系统性质可知,能量中心的偏移发生在星点所在极半径方向上,因此提出了一种基于极坐标的星点位置修正方法,只需在星点所在方向对极半径进行修正.该方法简化了基于二维坐标轴分区修正的过程,减少了数据计算量.利用极坐标修正方法对星模拟器修正前后的单星位置误差进行了测试,实验结果表明极坐标修正过程较以往修正方法简单快捷,且修正结果更加准确.     

基于像差影响的星间角距修正方法EI北大核心CSCD

为了有效地提高星模拟器的精度,针对经典星间角距数学公式没有考虑光学系统像差影响的问题,提出了一种基于像差影响的星间角距修正方法,建立了相关的数学模型并推导了相应的数学公式。并以球幕投影的星模拟器平台为例进行分析和实验测试,结合所建立的星间角距数学模型,对各星点的方位角和俯仰角进行曲线拟合,得到像差影响的星点位置误差拟合曲线,从而完成星间角距修正。实验结果表明,修正前星间角距误差为27.56″,修正后星间角距误差为16.96″,相对于修正前减小了10.60″。本文方法为有效提高星模拟器的仿真精度提供了理论基础。     

拼接星模拟器星位置误差校正方法（英文）

为了提高拼接式星模拟器的星图模拟精度,克服传统方法仅通过修正主距提高精度的局限性,提出了一种星图模拟精度的像差校正方法。分析拼接式星模拟器的工作原理和使用方法,优化小畸变平像场高成像质量准直光学系统像差,并根据像差设计结果,结合星点位置测量模型,分别建立畸变修正模型、彗差、场曲的修正模型。利用经纬仪、六维调整机构搭建星点位置精度测量装置,实测结果表明:基于像差理论的修正模型可有效提高拼接式星模拟器的星图精度,最大星点位置误差从48.78"降低至10.75",满足了技术指标。     

像差对星敏感器星点定位精度的影响

光学系统星点定位精度是表征星敏感器性能的一个重要指标,像差对该精度有一定影响。分析光学系统像差对星点定位精度的影响,在计算典型中等精度星敏感器光学系统星点定位误差的基础上,提出用实际测得的星点光斑能量质心位置计算理想位置的误差补偿新方法。计算结果表明:像差对高精度(如角秒级)星敏感器姿态测量精度的影响不可忽略;采用星点定位误差补偿后,星敏感器三轴姿态测量误差RMS值分别为0.38″,0.38″,5.77″,仅为原来的1/17。     

基于时域约束的卷帘曝光星敏感器星点校正方法

针对卷帘曝光模式星敏感器动态星点成像形状畸变和成像位置误差导致的导航星点定位精度降低、测姿误差增大的问题,提出了一种基于时域约束的导航星点校正方法。基于卷帘曝光的时间异步性特点,结合基于卡尔曼滤波的导航星点位置和帧间速度最优估计,将时域中不同时刻的导航星点校正到相同时刻,从而有效地解决星点畸变与位置偏移问题。展开了不同条件下的仿真实验,实验结果表明:当星敏感器角速度在0~3°/s动态范围内,校正后星对距离精度高于0.1 pixels,姿态角精度高于10″。     

小型星模拟器系统的设计研究

基于超小型P13XM015型TFT-LCD技术的小型星模拟器的工作原理,及其在工程应用中整个系统的设计、制造、加工、调试和检测技术,提出对星间间距采用软件修正以及先分别测量再组合修正的方法,对星等采用使用相适应的仪器星等的方法。采用模块化方法设计了小型星模拟器系统的光学系统准直物镜、模拟星库的编制、坐标转换、位置解算、系统控制软件等。在实验室实现了整个系统的组装,搭建了控制和测试平台,并给出了实验结果。实验结果表明:本系统的星库精度及星位置解算误差12,角分辨率误差23.43。     

一种高星等标准星光模拟器的设计与性能分析

在卫星探测相机及星敏感器的地面标定实验中,需要一台能够模拟无穷远处极小星点以及极弱星光照度的光源,即星光模拟器。采用积分球均匀点光源加准直平行光管模拟出无穷远处的星点,使用可变光阑调节光能量动态范围,提高模拟星等。同时点光源的光亮度可以精确测定,再通过精确测量影响星等照度的各个因素,从而解决弱光情况下的标定问题。分析模拟器的模拟星等能力及精度,在现有加工测试条件下,星光模拟器能够满足模拟6~14星等照度要求且精度较高,完全满足地面标定实验需求。     

剪切波变换在星点提取中的应用

为了实现高精度和高准确性的星图识别和姿态确定,本文对星点提取算法进行了研究,将剪切波变换应用到星点提取技术中。首先,通过利用剪切波变换对星图进行分解,得到不同尺度、不同方向的系数;然后,对剪切系数进行阈值处理并重构得到去噪后的星图,再对重构星图进行顶帽变换和自适应阈值处理,完成星图滤波;最后,通过质心误差补偿法提取星点的坐标,有效地完成星点提取。实验结果表明,采用剪切波变换的星图滤波对噪声去除非常有效;质心误差补偿法的误差在0.003左右,明显优于传统的质心法,基本满足星敏感器的精度高和抗干扰能力强等要求。     

基于区域滤波的模糊星图复原方法

当星敏感器在动态条件下工作时,在成像的过程中星点会因能量的分散而出现运动模糊现象,导致图像的信噪比降低,星点的模糊区域很难被提取,从而降低了星点质心的定位精度,严重影响星敏感器的姿态测量精度。为此,文中提出了一种基于区域滤波的模糊星图复原方法,在有效提高图像信噪比的同时可提高星点质心的定位精度。首先,根据星敏感器的工作特性,建立了不同工作条件下星点质心的运动模型。然后,根据运动模型确定星点质心的运动轨迹,进而提取星点的模糊区域,再利用图像处理算法对模糊区域内外的图像分别进行预处理。最后,利用图像复原算法对模糊星图进行复原。实验结果表明:在2(°)/s的动态条件下,区域滤波算法能够有效提高模糊星图的信噪比,并且复原图像中星点质心的定位误差不超过0. 1 pixel,可以满足星敏感器对高质心定位精度的要求。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.