脂肪胺类化合物氨基15N NMR化学位移规律的研究

提出了计算脂肪胺类化合物的¹⁵N NMR化学位移的经验公式：δ_cal（¹⁵N）=-380.2+ΣΔα+ΣΔβ+ΣΔγ+ΣΔδ+ΣC,结合最小二乘法通过线性回归得到了11种取代基参数,计算结果以133种化合物的133个¹⁵N NMR化学位移数据为样本点进行回归检验,置信度为99.5 %,约有94.7 %的¹⁵N NMR化学位移计算值的计算误差小于5.0（相对误差小于0.5 %）.     

甲醛缩氨基脲及其有关化合物的15N和13C核磁共振研究

本文测定了12个甲醛缩氨基脲类化合物的¹⁵N和¹³C NMR谱,研究并对比了不同取代基对¹⁵N和¹³C化学位移的影响,结果表明:¹⁵N化学位移对分子结构和取代基的电子效应更加敏感,变化范围更大.对N-苯甲醛缩氨基脲¹⁵N化学位移与Hammatt取代常数σ的相关性进行了研究,并与苯胺的取代效应作了对比.     

天然丰度的N-磷酰化氨基酸的15N NMR 研究

采用¹⁵N-¹H的2D HSQC、HMBC实验方法,测定了天然丰度的N-磷酰化氨基酸样品在溶液中的¹⁵N化学位移δ_N及偶合常数J_N-P,J_N-H. 实验表明：对于¹⁵N天然丰度样品,这是一种快速有效的实验方法. 研究发现：N-酰化后的氨基酸,其δ_N以及与氮原子直接相连的质子¹H的化学位移均发生十分明显的高场位移,而偶合常数¹J_N-P,¹J_N-H的变化与化合物构型相关联 .     

天然丰度的N-磷酰化氨基酸的15N NMR 研究

采用¹⁵N-¹H的2D HSQC、HMBC实验方法,测定了天然丰度的N-磷酰化氨基酸样品在溶液中的¹⁵N化学位移δ_N及偶合常数J_N-P,J_N-H. 实验表明：对于¹⁵N天然丰度样品,这是一种快速有效的实验方法. 研究发现：N-酰化后的氨基酸,其δ_N以及与氮原子直接相连的质子¹H的化学位移均发生十分明显的高场位移,而偶合常数¹J_N-P,¹J_N-H的变化与化合物构型相关联 .     

含羟基化合物的17O-NMR化学位移研究

在系统地归纳总结前人对含羟基化合物¹⁷O-NMR化学位移研究成果的基础上，按伯、仲、叔醇，i-R-OH型化合物(i-R表示与羟基直接相连的原子为非链状烷烃碳原子的取代基)及苯酚类等五大类，提出了计算含羟基化合物¹⁷O-NMR化学位移的公式：δ_cal=δ₀+∑a_iΔδ_i，并通过 线性回归法结合最小二乘法得到15种计算醇和羧酸中羟基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移时采用的取代基参数和23种计算 酚羟基¹⁷O-NMR化学位移时采用的取代基参数，计算结果分别以伯、仲、叔醇、i-R-OH型化合物四类140种化合物和60种酚类在化合物为样本点作回归检验，置信度均为99.5% ，计算误差Δδ小于5(相对误差小于0.5%)的¹⁷O-NMR化学位移计算值均在90 %以上.      

3种黄酮醇类化合物核磁共振碳谱的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-31G水平下优化了3种黄酮醇类（山奈酚,槲皮素,杨梅素）化合物的几何构型. 在振动分析中,均未出现虚频率. 在B3LYP/6-31G的水平下计算了该类化合物的核磁共振碳谱. 研究结果表明：3种分子均有分子内氢键形成,且分子内氢键的键长为0.17~0.18 nm左右 . 本文讨论了羟基引入之后对邻近C的化学位移的影响. 从取代基对NMR的影响来看,随着取代基对苯环的供电子能力的加强,取代基邻近的一些C的化学位移有所改变.      

双环磷酸酯类化合物NMR结构效应研究

用现有理论说明不了双环磷酸酯类化合物³¹P NMR化学位移的变化。本文在我们提出的核外电子云球对称效应原理基础上,用量子化学和分子力学计算的参数,表达了这类化合物³¹P化学位移变化的规律,同时还研究了它们的¹³C NMR化学位移和偶合常数的取代基效应。     

固体丁酸类代谢物13C化学位移的结构依赖性

丁酸类代谢物广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中,且具有多种重要的生理功能,但它们的固体核磁共振参数、分子动力学性质及其结构依赖性并未得到清楚的认识. 该文使用高分辨交叉极化与魔角旋转核磁共振（¹³C CPMAS）实验技术,分析了一系列固体丁酸类代谢物的¹³C化学位移, 发现了这些代谢物的¹³C化学位移与其分子结构的一些相关性规律. 另外还发现,固体丁酸类代谢物与其在溶液中的¹³C化学位移有显著的差异. 这些代谢物中甲基参与的疏水作用以及羟基、氨基和羧基参与的氢键作用均对其化学位移大小有重要的影响. 上述结果为认识代谢物的结构和功能以及功能对结构的依赖性提供了重要信息.     

晶体学辅助的2-吡啶甲酸固体13C化学位移理论计算归属

有机分子的互变异构现象在溶液中较为常见.而对于有机固体而言，存在互变异构可能的分子常以单一的能量最稳定的异构体形式存在.2-吡啶甲酸（PCA）是一个较为罕见的案例，它的晶体结构中同时存在有中性分子和两性离子两种互变异构体.由于超长的质子纵向弛豫时间，PCA的固体¹³C核磁共振（NMR）实验的化学位移归属存在困难.密度泛函理论（DFT）计算，特别是基于周期性模型的方式是一种可以准确快捷归属其化学位移的方案.然而，由于PCA结构中活泼质子的占位无序，其结构并不能直接或经简单处理后递交计算.本文中，我们通过晶体学手段构建了一个虚拟晶体结构.基于该虚拟结构的¹³C化学位移计算值可与实验值准确吻合.此外，不同互变异构状态的PCA表现出不同的特征化学位移，这一信息可被用来分析PCA在其晶体复合物中的分子状态.     

N-(α,β-双取代-4-氯桂皮酰基)-另丁胺类化合物的NMR及构型研究

本文报道了N-(α,β-双取代-4-氯桂皮酰基-另丁胺类化合物的¹H NMR及¹³C NMR的研究。通过比较该类化合物分子酰胺基中氢及碳的化学位移指定了各化合物的构型。采用NMR方法判定的构型为X光衍射结果所证实。     

Magnetic resonance tensors in Uracil: Calculation of 13C, 15N, 17O NMR chemical shifts, 17O and 14N electric field gradients and measurement of 13C and 15N chemical shifts

The experimental ¹³C NMR chemical shift components of uracil in the solid state are reported for the first time (to our knowledge), as well as newer data for the ¹⁵N nuclei. These experimental values are supported by extensive calculated data of the ¹³C, ¹⁵N and ¹⁷O chemical shielding and ¹⁷O and ¹⁴N electric field gradient (EFG) tensors. In the crystal, uracil forms a number of strong and weak hydrogen bonds, and the effect of these on the ¹³C and ¹⁵N chemical shift tensors is studied. This powerful combination of the structural methods and theoretical calculations gives a very detailed view of the strong and weak hydrogen bond formation by this molecule. Good calculated results for the optimized cluster in most cases (except for the EFG values of the ¹⁴N3 and ¹⁷O4 nuclei) certify the accuracy of our optimized coordinates for the hydrogen nuclei. Our reported RMSD values for the calculated chemical shielding and EFG tensors are smaller than those reported previously. In the optimized cluster the 6-311+G** basis set is the optimal one in the chemical shielding and EFG calculations, except for the EFG calculations of the oxygen nuclei, in which the 6-31+G** basis set is the optimal one. The optimal method for the chemical shielding and EFG calculations of the oxygen and nitrogen nuclei is the PW91PW91 method, while for the chemical shielding calculations of the ¹³C nuclei the B3LYP method gives the best results.     

Hydrogen bonding effects on the (15)N and (1)H shielding tensors in nucleic acid base pairs

The results of systematic ab initio calculations of (15)N and (1)H chemical shielding tensors in the GC base pair as a function of hydrogen bond length are presented for the first time. The hydrogen bond length characterized by the distance r(N...N) between purine N1 and pyrimidine N3 was varied between 2.57 and 3.50 A and the chemical shift tensors were calculated by the sum-over-states density functional perturbation theory. It is shown that the hydrogen bond length has a strong effect on the chemical shielding tensor of both imino proton and nitrogen, on their orientation, and, as a consequence, on the relaxation properties of both nuclei. For a nitrogen nucleus not involved in hydrogen bonding, the shielding tensor is nearly axially symmetric and almost collinear with the bond vector. As the length of the hydrogen bond decreases, the least shielding component sigma(11) deflects from the N-H vector and the shielding tensor becomes increasingly asymmetric. The significance of the presented results for the analysis of relaxation data and the efficiency of TROSY effects together with a summary of the relevant shielding parameters are presented and discussed.     

Measurement of 15N chemical shift anisotropy in a protein dissolved in a dilute liquid crystalline medium with the application of magic angle sample spinning

The chemical shifts of nuclei that have chemical shielding anisotropy, such as the 15N amide in a protein, show significant changes in their chemical shifts when the sample is altered from an isotropic state to an aligned state. Such orientation-dependent chemical shift changes provide information on the magnitudes and orientation of the chemical shielding tensors relative to the molecule's alignment frame. Because of the extremely high sensitivity of the chemical shifts to the sample conditions, the changes in chemical shifts induced by adding aligned bicelles do not arise only from the protein alignment but should also include the accumulated effects of environmental changes including protein-bicelle interactions. With the aim of determining accurate 15N chemical shielding tensor values for solution proteins, here we have used magic angle sample spinning (MAS) to observe discriminately the orientation-dependent changes in the 15N chemical shift. The application of MAS to an aligned bicelle solution removes the torque that aligns the bicelles against the magnetic field. Thus, the application of MAS to a protein in a bicelle solution eliminates only the molecular alignment effect, while keeping all other sample conditions the same. The observed chemical shift differences between experiments with and without MAS therefore provide accurate values of the orientation-dependent 15N chemical shifts. From the values for ubiquitin in a 7.5% (w/v) bicelle medium, we determined the 15N chemical shielding anisotropy (CSA) tensor. For this evaluation, we considered uncertainties in measuring the 1H-15N dipolar couplings and the 15N chemical shifts and also structural noise present in the reference X-ray structure, assuming a random distribution of each NH bond vector in a cone with 5 degrees deviation from the original orientation. Taking into account these types of noise, we determined the average 15N CSA tensor for the residues in ubiquitin as Delta sigma=-162.0+/-4.3 ppm, eta=0.18+/-0.02, and beta=18.6+/-0.5 degrees, assuming a 1H-15N bond length of 1.02 A. These tensor values are consistent with those obtained from solid-state NMR experiments.     

Ammonia adsorption on the C30B15N15 heterofullerene: DFT study of nuclear magnetic shielding and electric field gradient tensors of N and B nuclei

Ammonia adsorption on the external surface of C₃₀B₁₅N₁₅ heterofullerene was studied using density functional calculations. Three models of the ammonia-attached C₃₀B₁₅N₁₅ together with the perfect model were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G^? level. The optimization process reveals that dramatic influences occurred for the geometrical structure of C₃₀B₁₅N₁₅ after ammonia adsorption; the B atom relaxes outwardly and consequently the heterofullerene distorts from the spherical form in the adsorption sites. The chemical shielding (CS) tensors and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of B and N nuclei were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G^** level. Our calculations reveal that the B atom is chemically bonded to NH₃ molecule. The B atom in the NH₃-attached form has the largest chemical shielding isotropic (CSI) value among the other boron nuclei. The C_Q parameters of B nuclei at the interaction sites are significantly decreased after ammonia adsorption.     

Prediction of (207)Pb NMR parameters for the solid ionic lead(II) halides using the relativistic ZORA-DFT formalism: Comparison with the lead-containing molecular systems

Density functional calculations of (207)Pb NMR shielding in PbX(2) (X=F, Br, Cl and I) anionic fragments suggest that in solid PbX(2), the observed variation of chemical shift with halide is dominated by the paramagnetic contribution to the chemical shielding, with a lesser effect by the spin-orbit contribution. The calculations include relativistic effects at the level of the zero-order regular approximation (ZORA). The present observation contrasts with previous calculations for the molecular system, PbX(4), in which the spin-orbit contribution has been shown to be the major factor in the variation of the NMR chemical shift.     

Double-quantum-filtered rotational-resonance MAS NMR in the presence of large chemical shielding anisotropies

Double-quantum filtration under rotational resonance MAS NMR conditions where the chemical shielding anisotropies involved exceed the differences in isotropic chemical shielding is considered by means of numerical simulations and (13)C MAS NMR experiments. The responses of two different pulse sequences, suitable for double-quantum filtration specifically under rotational resonance conditions, to large chemical shielding anisotropies are compared. In the presence of large chemical shielding anisotropies a very recently introduced pulse sequence (T. Karlsson, M. Edén, H. Luthman, and M. H. Levitt, J. Magn. Reson. 145, 95-107, 2000) suffers losses in double-quantum-filtration efficiencies. The double-quantum-filtration efficiency of another pulse sequence (N. C. Nielsen, F. Creuzet, R. G. Griffin, and M. H. Levitt, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 5668-5677, 1992) is less afflicted by the presence of large chemical shielding anisotropies. Both sequences deliver double-quantum-filtered lineshapes that sensitively reflect chemical shielding tensor orientations. It is further shown that double-quantum-filtered rotational-resonance lineshapes of spin systems composed of more than two spins offer a suitable experimental approach for determining chemical shielding tensor orientations for cases where conventional rotational-resonance experiments are not applicable due to the presence of additional background resonances.     

HL—1装置屏蔽板效应研究

本文描述HL-1装置屏蔽板对欧姆变压器杂散场屏蔽效应的实验研究和理论计算,模拟实验结果与HL-1装置的理论计算值符合较好。     

N-芳基取代甲基丙烯酰胺的1H-NMR分析

本文采用酰氯路线由甲基丙烯酰氯同苯胺、对甲苯胺、邻甲苯胺、对溴苯胺、对硝基苯胺、邻硝基苯胺、α-萘胺等反应制得了一系列N-芳基取代甲基丙烯酰胺(N-ArMA).给出了这些新单体的¹H-NMR谱图.研究了这些单体中苯环上不同取代基及同一取代基在不同取代位置上对质子的化学位移的影响.研究结果表明,不同的取代基由于不同的电子效应使苯环上质子峰发生位移,按向低场位移顺序是: -NO₂ >-Br >-H >-CH₃ 同样的取代基在邻位取代使苯环质子移向低场更显著.化学位移的实测值与经验公式计算值比较一致.     

颗粒对SiC_w/SiC层状陶瓷电磁屏蔽性能的影响

层状陶瓷材料的电磁屏蔽效能对结构功能一体化层状陶瓷材料的设计具有重要影响。采用流延法与化学气相渗透(chemical vapor infiltration,CVI)工艺相结合制备SiC_w/Si C层状陶瓷,研究碳化硅颗粒(Si C particle,SiCp)、氮化硅颗粒(Si_3N_4particle,Si_3N_4p)对SiC_w/Si C层状陶瓷电磁屏蔽性能的影响。结果表明:SiC_w/Si C层状陶瓷具有较高的电磁屏蔽性能,颗粒的加入有助于提高层状陶瓷的电磁屏蔽性能。颗粒粒径越小,材料的电磁屏蔽性能越好;并且SiCp的电磁屏蔽作用强于Si_3N_4p。     

FPT-CNDO/INDO化学屏蔽常数计算方法及其在Mo和Co化合物中的应用

Semi -empirical molecular orbital methods within the framework of the finite perturbation theory , the FPT-CNDO/INDO methods , which consist of the FPT-CNDO/2 and FPT-INDO methods, are set up for the study of chemical shielding in transition metal compounds, and a corresponding computational program is developed on VAX 11/785 computer to establish a theoretical study of the transition metal chemical shielding by quantum chemistry methods. Application of the methods has been carried out in the calculation of 95Mo chemical shielding constants of mononuclear precursors [MoOnS4-n]2-(n=0-4). With the standard CNDO/INDO parameters a linear regression was obtained between the calculated results and the corresponding experimental data:δcal=(0.8345 δexp-43.83)ppm, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. Investigation on the calculated electronic configuration confirms that in [MoOnS4_n]2- (n=0-4)95Mo chemical shifts are dominated by the d-orbital paramagnetic contribution arising from the d-d transition. Appl