Resilient mounting systems in buildings

The basic elements of resilient mounting systems are described and various measures for quantifying the effect of such systems defined. Using electrical analogue circuits, the calculation of these measures is illustrated. With special reference to resilient mounting systems in buildings, under specified assumptions, improved analogies for system elements are derived, thus arriving finally at a complete electrical analogy of a compound mounting system. Some results of computer calculations, as well as a greatly simplified method suitable for manual computation, are presented.The second section of the paper describes the application to practical problems of the approach developed in the first section.Data from present standards for maximum permissible noise and vibration levels are given in suitable form. Nomograms for calculation of the lowest eigenfrequency of concrete floor fields are also given.     

1.54μm铒玻璃激光器被动调Q技术发展现状

获得1．54μm波长激光的一个重要手段是利用铒玻璃激光器直接输出。但其调Q方式大多采用主动Q开关,原因在于难以找到合适的被动调Q晶体,这极大的限制了铒玻璃激光器的工程应用与推广。目前,被动调Q的铒玻璃激光器的研究与应用在国内外都有很大进展,介绍了几种被动调Q方式及部分应用较多的调Q晶体的特性,并分析了被动调Q铒玻璃激光器的需求前景。     

Higher-order cross-correlation-based Doppler optical coherence tomography

A method based on higher-order cross-correlation is proposed to fetch the Doppler information on flow velocity within areas under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The proposed method is theoretically developed and validated by measurement of a moving mirror with known velocities. Standard deviations of flow velocities of the mirror under different SNRs are determined by the proposed method and compared with those by the modified phase-resolved method. Measurement of flowing particles within a glass capillary is also conducted, and Doppler flow velocity maps of the glass capillary are reconstructed by both methods. All experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly suppress noise, thus rendering it suitable for flow measurement under low SNR cases.     

加工误差引入的薄型KDP晶体附加面形

针对惯性约束聚变（ICF）驱动装置中口径为400 mm400 mm薄型频率转换KDP晶体在45放置状态下产生的附加面形问题,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了以实测数据为基础的大口径薄型KDP晶体的应变模型和有加工误差的夹具模型,仿真分析了KDP晶体的加工误差和夹具的加工误差对KDP晶体附加面形的影响, 给出了KDP晶体附加面形变化的P-V值和RMS值。在此基础上,通过对KDP晶体的加工误差及夹具支撑表面不同类型和不同大小加工误差的分析和比较,得出:KDP晶体边缘的加工误差和夹具支撑表面的凹型加工误差是引起较大附加面形的原因之一,KDP晶体的加工误差也会导致其面形变化不均匀,而夹具支撑表面的凸型、波浪形加工误差和压条表面的随机加工误差对KDP晶体附加面形的影响相对较小,且支撑表面的随机加工误差引起的附加面形变化介于其他两者之间。     

Design of highly birefringent chalcogenide glass PCF: A simplest design

In this article, a new simplified structure of a highly birefringent chalcogenide As₂Se₃ glass photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and analyzed by using fully vectorial finite element method. The effective indices, confinement loss, birefringence, and chromatic dispersion of fundamental polarized mode are calculated in the proposed PCF for a wide wavelength range. To maintain the polarization in chalcogenide As₂Se₃ glass PCF, we enlarged two of the central air holes and reduced two transverse air holes for achieving high birefringence. This helps in creating an effective index difference between the two orthogonal polarization modes. It is also shown that As₂Se₃ glass PCF provides lower chromatic dispersion and less confinement loss compared to silica PCF of the same structure in wavelength range 1.3 to 1.8 μm and hence such chalcogenide As₂Se₃ glass PCF have high potential to be used in dispersion compensating and birefringence application in optical communication systems. In addition to this, the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) result of the proposed PCF is also reported.     

Viscous stabilization of 2D drainage displacements with trapping

We investigate the stabilization mechanisms due to viscous forces in the invasion front during drainage displacement in two-dimensional porous media using a network simulator. We find that in horizontal displacement the capillary pressure difference between two different points along the front varies almost linearly as a function of height separation in the direction of the displacement. The numerical result supports arguments taking into account the loopless displacement pattern where nonwetting fluid flows in separate strands (paths). As a consequence, we show that existing theories developed for viscous stabilization are not compatible with drainage when loopless strands dominate the displacement process.     

Ge30Sb8Se62硫系玻璃的制备及其10.6μm低损耗空芯光子带隙光纤的设计

硫系玻璃光子晶体光纤在中远红外激光传输领域具有广阔的应用前景。制备了红外波段具有优良透过特性的Ge30Sb8Se62硫系玻璃,并以此为基质材料设计了一种适合于高功率中红外激光传输的带隙型光子晶体光纤。利用平面波展开法和有限元法分析了不同结构下该光纤的光子带隙、模场面积和限制损耗特性。通过优化光纤的结构参数,获得了在10.6μm处限制损耗小于0.1dB/m的大模场(模场面积大于100μm2)光子晶体光纤。     

Bending MeV proton beams by means of a glass capillary tube

We study in a preliminary and simplified manner the possibility of bending submicron beams by means of glass capillary tubes. We show that protons of 20 MeV can be guided within a 10 nm diameter helical tube, for a distance of 0.55 cm, with the beam bending in the transverse direction by 0.16 mm. Although these distances are not large and the angle of incidence of the beam is very small, applications of great interest warrant further investigation of this study.     

低能电子在外层导电屏蔽的玻璃锥管中的传输

采用新的具有常数锥角的玻璃锥管,并对玻璃锥管进行了外表面导电屏蔽,通过对电子穿越玻璃锥管的二维角分布随时间演化的观测,研究了低能电子与玻璃管相互作用的机制.发现电子穿越完全放电的玻璃锥管时穿透率先下降后平稳,整个过程中角分布中心发生微小移动,但角分布的半高宽几乎保持不变.这与我们之前发表的工作(2016 Acta Phys.Sin.65 204103)不同,这是由于对玻璃锥管进行外表面导电屏蔽会阻止外界不确定的快速充放电的影响,并形成了新的稳定放电通道,有利于实现电子的稳定穿透.电子的穿透率随倾角呈类似矩形的分布,透射电子的角分布中心伴随倾角的变化而移动,其穿透所容许的倾角与几何穿透一致.     

Microcrystallography using single‐bounce monocapillary optics

X‐ray microbeams have become increasingly valuable in protein crystallography. A number of synchrotron beamlines worldwide have adapted to handling smaller and more challenging samples by providing a combination of high‐precision sample‐positioning hardware, special visible‐light optics for sample visualization, and small‐diameter X‐ray beams with low background scatter. Most commonly, X‐ray microbeams with diameters ranging from 50 µm to 1 µm are produced by Kirkpatrick and Baez mirrors in combination with defining apertures and scatter guards. A simple alternative based on single‐bounce glass monocapillary X‐ray optics is presented. The basic capillary design considerations are discussed and a practical and robust implementation that capitalizes on existing beamline hardware is presented. A design for mounting the capillary is presented which eliminates parasitic scattering and reduces deformations of the optic to a degree suitable for use on next‐generation X‐ray sources. Comparison of diffraction data statistics for microcrystals using microbeam and conventional aperture‐collimated beam shows that capillary‐focused beam can deliver significant improvement. Statistics also confirm that the annular beam profile produced by the capillary optic does not impact data quality in an observable way. Examples are given of new structures recently solved using this technology. Single‐bounce monocapillary optics can offer an attractive alternative for retrofitting existing beamlines for microcrystallography.     

高温高压下掺硼宝石级金刚石单晶生长特性的研究

本文在5.1—5.6 GPa,1230—1600℃的压力、温度条件下,以FeNiMnCo作为触媒,进行单质硼添加宝石级金刚石单晶的生长研究.借助于有限元法,对触媒内的温度场进行模拟.研究得到了FeNiMnCo-C-B体系下,金刚石单晶生长的P-T相图.该体系下合成金刚石单晶的最低压力、温度条件分别为5.1 GPa,1230℃左右.研究发现,在单晶同一{111}扇区内部,硼元素呈内多外少的分布规律.有限元模拟结果给出,该分布规律是由在晶体生长过程中,{111}扇区的增长速度逐渐减小所致.{111}晶向的晶体生长实验结果表明,硼元素优先从{111}次扇区进入晶体.研究发现,这是该扇区增长速度相对较快,硼元素扩散逃离可用时间短导致的.另外,同磨料级掺硼金刚石单晶生长相比,对于温度梯度法生长掺硼宝石级金刚石单晶,由于晶体的增厚速度较慢,即使硼添加量相对较高,也可以实现表面无凹坑缺陷的优质金刚石单晶的生长.     

20GeS2·80Sb2S3硫系玻璃的析晶行为及动力学机理研究

实现玻璃微晶化过程控制的基础是要充分认识其析晶行为及动力学机理. 利用示差扫描量热法和析晶热处理等手段, 研究发现 20GeS₂·80Sb₂S₃硫系玻璃属于表面析晶, 在268℃(T_g+30℃)下热处理60 h, 可以获得表面约40 μm的Sb₂S₃晶层复合玻璃陶瓷样品. 在此基础上, 利用非等温法从理论上分析该玻璃的析晶动力学机理. 计算得到其析晶活化能E_c为(223.6±24.1)kJ·mol^-1, 在热处理温度(268℃)下的析晶速率常数K为1.23×10^-4 s^-1, 属于较难析晶的玻璃组成; 玻璃的晶体生长指数m和晶体生长维数n均为2, 表明其Sb₂S₃相的析晶行为是二维生长过程, 与析晶实验结果完全相符. 由此可知, 对于Sb₂S₃晶体复合的硫系玻璃陶瓷样品可通过玻璃粉末压片烧结、带铸法或丝网印刷法制备获得, 为今后功能硫系玻璃的开发提供实验依据和理论指导. 关键词： 硫系玻璃 微晶化 析晶动力学 析晶行为     

Applied electric field to fabricate colloidal crystals with the photonic band-gap in communication waveband

The macropore silica colloidal crystal templates were assembled orderly in a capillary glass tube by an applied electric field method to control silica deposition. In order to achieve the photonic band gap (PBG) of colloidal crystal in optical communication waveband, the diameter of silica microspheres is selected by Bragg diffraction formula. An experiment was designed to test the bandgap of the silica crystal templates. This paper discusses the formation process and the close-packed fashion of the silica colloidal crystal templates was discussed. The surface morphology of the templates was also analyzed. The results showed that the close-packed fashion of silica array templates was face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. The agreement is very good between the experimental data and the theoretical calculation.     

翻修贴片设备在ICCD光锥耦合中的应用

为了提高光锥耦合ICCD成像系统的成品率和成像质量,提出了一种将通用BGA翻修系统中的高精度贴片设备ERSA PL550A用于光锥和CCD耦合工艺的方法。利用光锥或光纤面板与CCD的耦合实例描述了这种技术方案的系统构成、操作流程和耦合精度,证明了它在简化耦合工艺、降低操作难度、控制耦合操作的重复性和提高生产效率方面具有良好的性能。对CCD玻璃窗的开启方法和光锥形状尺寸的二次修改也进行了简要说明。     

体视全息图的实时拍摄方法

在现有体视全息图制作方法的基础上，提出一种新的方法，利用液晶光阀作为像的转换元件，使得体视全息图的制作由原来的三次曝光简化为一次曝光，从而实现了实时拍摄的目的，文中给出了用这种方法设计的实时摄像系统和实验结果。     

一种胶体光子晶体修饰的光纤

设计了一种胶体光子晶体修饰的光纤. 采用恒温快速蒸发法直接在经切割刀处理后的光纤端面生长胶体晶体,再与另一根切割后的光纤在毛细玻璃管中完成对接,制备成胶体光子晶体修饰的光纤. 用扫描电子显微镜和光谱分析仪对样品的形貌、结构以及光学特性进行分析. 实验结果表明,粒径为640 nm、体积分数约为0.5%的SiO₂胶体微球溶液在60 ℃的情况下沉积,大约12 h后可得到质量较高的胶体光子晶体. 在SEM下,观察到端面的胶体晶体为面心立方(fcc)结构. 透射光谱证明,该结构在(111)面上     

Simultaneous imaging and measurement of tensile stress on cornea by using a common-path optical coherence tomography system with an external contact reference

The objective of this study is to demonstrate that tensile stress resulting due to applied force on cornea can be accurately measured by using a time-domain common-path optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with an external contact reference. The unique design of the common-path OCT is utilized to set up an imaging system in which a chicken eye is placed adjacent to a glass plate serving as the external reference plane for the imaging system. As the force is applied to the chicken eye, it presses against the reference glass plate. The modified OCT image obtained is used to calculate the size of contact area, which is then used to derive the tensile stress on the cornea. The drop in signal levels upon contact of reference glass plate with the tissue are extremely sharp because of the sharp decline in reference power levels itself, thus providing us with an accurate measurement of contact area. The experimental results were in good agreement with the numerical predictions. The results of this study might be useful in providing new insights and ideas to improve the precision and safety of currently used ophthalmic surgical techniques. This research outlines a method which could be used to provide high resolution OCT images and a precise feedback of the forces applied to the cornea simultaneously.     

Slant range visibility determination from lidar signatures by the two-point method

Careful measurement of slant range visibility is becoming more important for safe and regular aircraft landing operation. Measurements are necessary under conditions of less than 1500 m visibility up to altitudes of about 100 m. Discussions of the use of laser radar systems to measure the optical properties of the atmosphere have been published. For practical applications such an expensive system was not useful. This paper describes a modified laser range-finder system which uses a simplified slope method. The accuracy of this two-point method is analyzed for several atmospheric conditions. Measurements with a described prototype system are presented.     

Capillary aging of the contacts between glass spheres and a quartz resonator surface

The strength of the contacts between small glass spheres and the surface of a quartz crystal resonator has been probed based on the increase of resonance frequency induced upon sphere contact. The acoustic interaction between the sphere and the plate is modeled as a low-frequency coupled resonance; the dependence of the resonant parameters on overtone order lends support to this model. After exposing the sample to humid air and drying it again, the contact strength increases at least tenfold due to capillary forces--we observe a hysteretic form of the sand-castle effect. Repeated wet-dry cycles reveal logarithmic capillary aging with time. The experiments suggest that the drying of the liquid bridges leads to a contraction of small voids in the contact zone, subsequently increasing cohesion.     

Ge20Sb15Se65硫系玻璃光子晶体光纤的中红外色散特性

硫系玻璃与石英玻璃相比具有高折射率(2.0～3.5)、低声子能量(<350cm-1)、优良的中远红外透过性能(可至25μm)等特性.本文制备了一种在中红外具有优良透过特性的无As环保型Ge20Sb15Se65硫系玻璃材料,以此为基质材料设计了一种三层空气孔结构光子晶体光纤,利用多极法对光纤的中红外色散特性进行了数值模拟,系统研究了结构参量孔径d、孔间距Λ以及d/Λ对其色散特性的影响.分析表明:通过改变包层空气孔直径d或空气孔间距Λ,可灵活的调节光子晶体光纤的零色散波长向短波或长波方向移动.通过优化结构参量发现,当Λ=3μm,d/Λ=0.35附近变化时,可获得3～5μm色散平坦,且色散值小于5ps.nm-1.km-1的光子晶体光纤.