共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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该文力求寻找一种高效准确检测混凝土构件永存应力的方法。基于声弹性理论提出了一种双横波声速法检测单向受压混凝土构件永存应力的方法,该方法通过测试受力构件第一波速和第二波速,以第一波速和第二波速的平方差为基础构建综合声学参数来检测单向受压混凝土构件永存应力。所述第一波速为声波传播方向与应力方向垂直、质点振动方向与应力方向平行的横波波速,第二波速为声波传播方向及质点振动方向均与应力方向垂直的横波波速。实验结果显示,该声学参数用于检测混凝土单向受压构件永存应力的效果与使用单一声速参数相比,对应力的敏感性有所提高,受混凝土黏滞性及材质离散性的影响更小,并且测试结果基本不受温度和湿度变化影响。 相似文献
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激光超声检测铝合金材料的残余应力分布 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
为了有效检测铝合金材料上的残余应力分布,研究了用激光超声技术来检测铝合金材料上的残余应力分布的方法。该方法用Nd:YAG脉冲激光激发声表面波,并用外差激光干涉仪接收。理论分析表明可通过测量表面波在不同位置上声速的相对变化,来确定试样的残余应力分布。并对无残余应力、有压缩残余应力、有拉伸残余应力的三个试样应力分布,进行了实验测定。结果证实了试样的残余应力分布可引发声表面波在不同位置上声速的相对变化,也证实了激光激发声表面波及其接收技术是一种无损检测材料内残余应力分布的有效方法。 相似文献
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利用“脉冲回波重合法”测量了多晶LY12铝在流体静压加载下的纵波与横波声速随压力的变化。并根据较低压力(<0.5 GPa)下的超声测量数据所确定的零压弹性模量及其对压力的偏导数,导出了LY12铝的Murnaghan、Birch-Murnaghan、Vinet三种不同形式的等温状态方程,发现由超声测量数据导出的Vinet 状态方程能很好地描述面心立方(fcc)结构的铝与铝合金在较高压力(约200 GPa)下的压缩特性。此外,由超声数据计算了LY12铝在室温常压条件下的Debye温度为430.97 K、热力学Grüneisen系数为2.025、平均声模Grüneisen系数为2 379。 相似文献
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用中子相干非弹性散射、沿三个主晶轴方向测量了同构异质晶体NaBrO_3和NaClO_3的声子色散关系。从小波矢区的实验结果获得了沿晶体这些方向的弹性波速及三个独立的弹性常数C_(11),C_(12),C_(44)。实验结果表明,尽管这两种晶体在旋声方面表现出十分不同的特性,但是,它们的左旋和右旋圆偏振声子的声速都是在一个特定的平均速度v_(T_D)上下均衡的分布,这个平均速度可由其它方向的弹性波速或零级近似的弹性常数唯一确定。即Portigal理论的这一预言获得了实验上的明确证据。 相似文献
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采用铁磁共振方法,研究了铁磁/反铁磁双层薄膜中交换各向异性和应力各向异性对其物理性质的影响.结果表明,单向各向异性来源于界面交换作用,应力各向异性对材料的磁化难易程度有较大影响.当外磁场方向与应力场方向平行时,应力场的存在将促进该方向的磁化.反之,应力场将会阻碍该方向的磁化. 相似文献
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本文对一般紧密排列的圆柱形纤维结构的二元系统的声速各向异性问题进行了讨论。理论分析表明,对这种系统,不论纤维之间的充填媒质的弹性模量是否大于纤维本身的弹性模量,声波平行于纤维传播的声速总是大于垂直于纤维传播的声速。文章进而把理论分析用于讨论动物的纹肌组织,将纹肌组织看成是由肌纤维组织和肌纤维束膜结缔组织组成的二元体系。计算表明,平行于肌纤维传播声波的声速比垂直传播声速约大12m/s。这一结果为我们的实验数据及其它有关文献上报道的数据所证实,从而揭示了纹肌组织声速各向异性的物理本质。 相似文献
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The presence of a plane stress field causes small changes in the phase velocities of orthogonally polarized SH waves. The (small) difference in phase velocities (birefringence) can be used for non-destructive stress measurement. However, material anisotropy can affect phase velocity to the same extent as stress.Two theories have been developed which account for the effect of both stress and anisotropy. The theory of Iwashimizu and Kubomura assumes isotropy in the third-order elastic moduli and anisotropy in second-order moduli. A different approach was taken by Okada, who assumed the existence of a matrix analogous to the index of the refraction matrix in optics.In this paper, we generalize the theory of Iwashimizu and Kubomura by retaining anisotropy in third-order moduli. We show how Okada's theory can be made to agree with this more general theory.We also compare the predictions of the various theories with birefringence data obtained from uniaxial tension tests on 2024-T351 aluminium specimens. Both the Okada theory and the theory of Iwashimizu and Kubomura gave good agreement with experiment. 相似文献
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The ultrasonic velocity of shear waves propagating through radial direction of a wood plate specimen, transversely to the loading direction, was measured. By rotating an ultrasonic sensor, the oscillation direction of the shear waves was varied with respect to the wood plate axis and loading direction. The relationship between shear wave velocity and oscillation direction was examined to discuss the effect of anisotropy on the acoustoelastic birefringence in wood. The results obtained were summarized as follows. When the oscillation direction of the shear wave corresponded to the tangential direction of the wood specimen regardless of the stress direction, shear wave velocity decreased markedly and the relationship between shear wave velocity and rotation angle tended to become discontinuous. That is, when the shear waves oscillated in the anisotropic axis of the wood, the shear wave velocity peaked unlike in the case of oscillation in the stress direction. In an isotropic material (acrylic, aluminum 5052), on the contrary, when the shear waves oscillated in the stress direction of the specimen, the shear wave velocity peaked regardless of the main-axis direction of the specimen. On the basis of the discussion of these results, the ultrasonic shear wave propagating in wood under stress is confirmed to be polarized in the anisotropic axis of the wood. 相似文献
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One of the most common biological composites is wood material. This natural orthotropic like material is characterized by a high anisotropy determined by the special disposition of the microstructure elements. The anisotropy of wood can be described in various ways using the values of ultrasonic velocities of bulk waves (longitudinal and shear) observed on the velocity surface deduced from the theoretical relationships given by the Christofel's equation. The simultaneous view into the three symmetry planes of the anisotropic behavior of wood is presented on the velocity surface. The spatial filtering action of wood structure is easily connected with longitudinal and shear velocities. The first step in examining the anisotropy of wood is to relate the velocities to the symmetry axes. The simplest way to describe the anisotropy of wood is to express the ratios of velocities. These ratios can be calculated separately for longitudinal or shear waves or for a combination of both. The birefringence of shear waves have a particular interest for the fine definition of anisotropy. A more global appreciation of wood anisotropy than the values of individual velocities is given with acoustic invariants. The stability of calculation of acoustic invariants versus different propagation angles confirms the validity of the chosen model for the tested material. Wood species having high density and any important organized structure in the millimeter scale exhibit a high ratio of invariants. The acoustic behavior of tropical wood species is less anisotropic than that of species from a temperate zone having low density. 相似文献
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Ultrasonic inspections of austenitic stainless steel weld metal are particularly difficult because of the dendritic structure and anisotropy of the material. The acoustic properties of stainless steel weld metal are discussed. Data on frequency spectra and variations in longitudinal and shear velocities with wave propagation direction are presented. Differences in shear velocities as great as 25% have been observed as the polarization direction is changed. The difference in detectability of artificial reflectors using shear waves of varying polarization is presented, and it is demonstrated in some cases that horizontally polarized shear waves can ‘detect’ a reflector in the weld metal where the traditional vertically polarized shear waves cannot. 相似文献
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All nine elastic moduli of an orthotropic composite material, namely, polypropylene reinforced with glass fiber, are determined from the measured values of the bulk acoustic wave velocities along specific directions in the planes of symmetry of the material. These data are used to calculate the angular dependences of phase velocities, polarization vectors, and directions of ray velocities of bulk waves in the composite. It is demonstrated that the difference in the velocities of shear waves polarized along and across the glass fiber gives rise to an acoustic birefringence and can lead to an elliptical polarization of waves. The measurement of the phase velocities of shear waves as functions of the wave polarization is suggested as a method for the determination of the fiber orientation in a composite material. 相似文献
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Different versions of linearized problems of the elastic wave propagation in prestressed bodies are considered. The influence of the version of the linearized elasticity theory chosen for calculating the magnitude of the acoustoelastic effect on the result of calculation is analyzed for longitudinal and shear waves and for Rayleigh surface waves. The results of theoretical calculations are compared with the experiment. Experimental data on the effect of bending stresses on the propagation velocity of Rayleigh waves are presented. These results extend the range of problems that can be solved by using the acoustoelastic effect. 相似文献
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Guided wave theory is applied to a thin orthotropic and absorbing plate for low frequency propagation of ultrasonic waves. The aim of this paper is to give some physical interpretations of the non-destructive characterization of paper materials, which are cellulosic fibrous networks. It is shown that the propagation problem reduces to two normal modes of propagation in the plane of the plate. Each of them depends on four complex and independent stiffnesses that are combinations of elementary complex stiffnesses of the media. The imaginary part of these stiffnesses corresponds to a possible mechanism of energy dissipation during the wave propagation for this kind of material. The reverse problem, which gives four complex values, is then numerically solved using a small attenuation assumption. The specially designed experimental set-up has led to the first measurements of tracing paper damping factors. The phase velocity measurements of the plate waves agree with the results already found by several paper researchers. As a particular and new result, the shear wave velocities are found to present a quasi-isotropic repartition in the plane of the paper sheet. It was found that the absorbing phenomenon can occur for each propagation mode in such a material. The attenuation values are small, except for one of them that corresponds to a coupling term in the propagation model. The anisotropy of their repartition is also shown in the case of quasi-longitudinal waves. 相似文献