激子自旋弛豫对简并量子点发射光子对纠缠度的影响

利用粒子数运动方程和量子回归理论，计算了单个半导体量子点双激子体系脉冲激发下粒子在各能级间辐射跃迁的二阶交叉相关函数以及系统发射光子对的偏振密度矩阵.分析了激子态能级简并量子点体系发射光子对偏振纠缠特性，讨论了纠缠度随激子态间自旋弛豫的变化关系.研究表明，激子自旋弛豫会破坏该系统发射光子对的纠缠度. 关键词： 纠缠光子对 半导体量子点 二阶相关函数     

单量子点在双脉冲激发下偏振光子发射的统计特性

用产生函数(generating function)方法对单个半导体量子点系统在外加双脉冲场作用下发射偏振(x偏振和y偏振)光子的统计性质进行了研究. 研究结果表明,量子相干对单量子点系统的吸收线型、Mandel参数Q与x偏振光子和y偏振光子之间的高阶交叉关联具有显著的影响. 关键词： 量子点 三能级体系 产生函数 双脉冲     

CdTe量子点的室温激子自旋弛豫动力学

利用交叉偏振三阶非线性瞬态光栅技术,研究了室温下CdTe胶体量子点激子自旋弛豫动力学的尺寸效应.在抽运-探测光子能量与CdTe量子点的最低激子吸收(1Se—1Sh)跃迁相共振时,量子点激子自旋弛豫显示了时间常数为0.1—0.5 ps的单指数衰减行为.CdTe量子点激子自旋的快速弛豫源于亮暗激子精细结构态跃迁,即J=±1←→■2跃迁.激子自旋弛豫主要由空穴的自旋翻转过程决定.研究结果表明:CdTe量子点激子自旋弛豫速率与量子点尺寸的4次方成反比.     

水溶性CdTe量子点的稳态和纳秒时间分辨光致发光光谱

报道了以飞秒脉冲激光为激发光源的水溶性CdTe量子点(QDs)的稳态荧光光谱和纳秒时间分辨荧光光谱.实验发现CdTe量子点的荧光光谱峰值位置随激发波长变化发生明显移动，激发脉冲波长越长，荧光峰位红移越大.荧光动力学实验数据显示，在400nm和800nm脉冲激光激发下，水溶性CdTe量子点的荧光光谱中均含有激子态和诱捕态两个衰减成分，两者的发射峰相距很近，诱捕态的发射峰波长较长.在800nm脉冲激光激发下的诱捕态成分占总荧光强度的比重比400nm激发下的约高3倍，其相对强度的这种变化导致了稳态荧光发射峰位的红移. 关键词： CdTe 量子点 时间分辨 荧光光谱 上转换荧光     

脉冲激发三能级体系半导体量子点的单光子发射效率

研究了脉冲激发下单个半导体量子点中单光子发射的统计特性.在旋转波近似条件下，由系统粒子数演化主方程并结合量子回归理论推导了二阶相关函数的运动方程，利用此方程讨论了二阶相关函数随输入脉冲面积的关系.在窄脉冲宽度的脉冲激发下，单光子的发射概率p和效率η都随着强度的增强而产生振荡.研究表明，采用窄脉冲宽度，当输入脉冲面积在π附近时可以得到较高的单光子发射效率. 关键词： 半导体量子点 单光子发射 三能级系统     

单量子点在连续外场激发下发射光子性质的理论研究

用最近所发展的产生函数(generatingfunction)理论方法研究了单量子点在连续外场作用下光子发射的性质:光子发射强度,MandelQ参数以及X与Y偏振光子之间的关联〈NxNy〉在不同激发场强下随激发光场偏振方向的变化性质:在弱场激发下,激发场的强度决定了发射光子的特性;在强光场激发下,发射光子,MandelQ参数和X偏振以及Y偏振光子的关联〈NxNy〉都表现出比较复杂的非线性现象.     

亚单层InGaAs量子点-量子阱异质结构的时间分辨光致发光谱

测定了亚单层InGaAs/GaAs量子点-量子阱异质结构在5K下的时间分辨光致发光谱.亚单层量 子点的辐射寿命在500 ps 至 800 ps之间，随量子点尺寸的增大而增大，与量子点中激子的 较小的横向限制能以及激子从小量子点向大量子点的隧穿转移有关.光致发光上升时间强烈 依赖于激发强度密度.在弱激发强度密度下，上升时间为 35 ps，纵光学声子发射为主要的 载流子俘获机理.在强激发强度密度下，上升时间随激发强度密度的增加而减小，俄歇过程 为主要的载流子俘获机理.该结果对理解亚单层量子点器件的工作特性非常有用. 关键词： 亚单层 量子点-量子阱 时间分辨光致发光谱     

偶极子位置及偏振对激发光子晶体H1微腔的影响

光子晶体微腔和量子点的集成是实现量子信息处理非常具有潜力的平台之一,利用微腔和量子点的耦合可以制备纠缠光子对,实现对量子态的操控.因为光子晶体微腔具有品质因子高、模场体积小等优点,可以极大地增强光与物质之间的相互作用,从而易于实现量子态在不同物理体系之间的转换.通过单量子点和光子晶体H1微腔的耦合可以产生纠缠光子对,因为H1微腔具有简并的、模式偏振正交的基态模式.通常微腔模式的激发随着量子点在微腔中的位置变化而改变,本文用时域有限差分方法研究了偶极子光源的位置及偏振对激发光子晶体H1微腔模式的影响.结果表明:通过改变偶极子光源位置可以选择性地激发H1微腔简并模式中的一个;具有某一偏振的偶极子光源只能激发相应偏振的微腔模式;模式激发强度的大小也是由偶极子光源在微腔中的位置决定的.鉴于目前量子点在微腔中的位置尚不能精确控制,所以微腔模式受激发光源位置的影响的研究具有重要意义.     

GaAs间隔层厚度对InAs/GaAs量子点分子光学性质的影响

采用光致荧光发射谱(PL)和时间分辨荧光发射谱(TRPL)研究了GaAs间隔层厚度对自组装生长的双层InAs/GaAs量子点分子光学性质的影响.首先,测量低温下改变激发强度的PL谱,底层量子点和顶层量子点的PL强度比值随激发强度发生变化,表明两层量子点之间的耦合作用和层间载流子的转移随着间隔层厚度变大而变弱.接着测量改变温度的PL谱,量子点荧光光谱峰值位置(Emax)、半峰全宽及积分强度随温度发生变化,表明GaAs间隔层厚度直接影响到量子点内载流子的动力学过程和量子点发光的热淬灭过程.最后,TRPL测量发现60mL比40mL间隔层厚度样品的载流子隧穿时间有明显延长.     

有限元法分析不同形状量子点的应变能及弛豫度变化

利用有限元方法研究了不同形状量子点的应变能量分布和弛豫度随着高宽比变化的规律.分析了量子点间距和量子点形状对量子点应变弛豫的影响,定量地讨论了量子点的弛豫度与量子点形状之间的关系.计算结果表明,在不考虑表面能的情况下,当量子点高宽比增加时,弛豫度上升,并且发现平顶金字塔形量子点最先达到稳定;岛间距增大时,量子点内应变能下降,其中立方体形量子点应变能下降最快.研究表明,量子点的弛豫度可以成为控制量子点成岛形状的重要依据. 关键词： 量子点 弛豫度     

Insight into the thermionic emission regimes under gold film thermal relaxation excited by a femtosecond pulse

We theoretically investigated different thermal relaxation participating in the ultrafast thermionic emission processes on gold film surface with a femtosecond pulse excitation. The thermionic emission regimes under the two temperature relaxation and the thermal diffusion relaxation were demonstrated. The simulations showed that the thermionic emission properties can be defined in the regime under two temperature relaxation by reducing the laser fluence, or widening the pulse duration or increasing the laser wavelength. It was also found that there exists a transition between the two distinct thermionic emission regimes under peculiar laser parameters of laser fluence, pulse duration and laser wavelength. The results were explained as significant intervene of laser irradiation parameters into gold film thermal relaxation processes.     

Excitation and Emission of an Atom in Its Interaction with an Ultrashort Electromagnetic Field Pulse

Based on the approximation of sudden perturbations, the excitation and ionization of an atom in its interaction with an ultrashort electromagnetic field pulse are examined. The probabilities of excitation and ionization are obtained together with the spectra and cross sections of pulse re-emission by the atom.     

Reverse-saturable absorption in aluminophthalocyanine-doped xerogels

Aluminophthalocyanines were encaged in different silica xerogel matrices. Nonlinear reverse-saturable absorption behavior was observed for both nanosecond and picosecond pulse excitation at 532 nm. In order to determine the relaxation paths of the molecules after optical excitation, we measured the evolution of the transmission of a continuous probe beam through the samples following absorption induced by a pump pulse. The transmission recovery was a few tens of microseconds. The fluorescence lifetime was about 10 ns.     

混合加宽的宽带钕玻璃激光系统的放大特性研究

通过宽带激光脉冲放大的物理模型,以数值模拟为工具,研究分析了激光系统对不同带宽脉冲的放大能力,以及交叉弛豫时间对脉冲放大特性的影响.计算结果表明,随着带宽的增加,激光系统的输出能力逐渐降低,在其他条件相同时,宽带分别为2,5和10 nm时的输出能量比窄带输出（3000 J,1 ns脉宽）时分别减小了约2％,11％和27％;在带宽为几个纳米时完全非均匀加宽比完全均匀加宽的输出能量（3000 J,1 ns脉宽）降低了约20％;初步确定了交叉弛豫时间的范围为0—10 ns. 关键词： 激光系统 宽带激光 放大过程 交叉弛豫     

Selective excitation in Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance. 1978

The applications of frequency-selective excitation methods in Fourier transform NMR are discussed, and a simple technique is described for selective excitation of a narrow frequency region of a high-resolution NMR spectrum in a Fourier transform spectrometer. A regular sequence of identical radiofrequency pulses of small flip angle exerts a strong cumulative effect on magnetizations close to resonance with the transmitter frequency or one of a set of equally spaced sidebands separated by the pulse repetition rate. All other magnetizations precess through an incomplete number of full rotations between pulses, and are caught by successive pulses at an ever changing phase of their precession, which destroys the cumulative effect. The motion of the various nuclear magnetization vectors may be described pictorially according to the Bloch equations, neglecting relaxation during the pulse sequence. A general theory is presented for selective or “tailored” excitation by an arbitrary modulation of the radiofrequency transmitter signal. It confirms earlier conclusions that the frequency-domain excitation spectrum corresponds to the Fourier transform of the transmitter modulation pattern, provided that the NMR response remains linear. The excitation spectra calculated for the selective pulse sequence by these two alternative approaches show good agreement within their respective limitations. A number of practical applications of selective excitation are explored, including solvent peak suppression, the detection of partial spectra from individual chemical sites, selective studies of relaxation and slow chemical exchange, and holeburning or localized saturation.     

Direct observation of the lifetime of a polariton mode in gallium phosphide

A polariton mode not far from the fundamental TO frequency in GaP is excited using the stimulated Raman effect. The degree of lattice excitation is directly observed as a function of time by a picosecond probe pulse. A relaxation time of 5.5 psec was measured in agreement with infrared data.     

Analysis of Gain Volume in Random Laser in a Spherical Multiple Scattering Medium

We performed numerical simulation of a random laser in a spherical multiple scattering medium in order to examine the saturation absorption in the excitation process and the resultant increasing process of the gain volume under the random laser action. The size of the gain volume increases with 1/3 power of the excitation pulse energy in the weak excitation region, and then approaches a critical value L_th when the excitation pulse energy is increased above the threshold. The dependence of L_th, as well as the dependence of the threshold excitation pulse energy on the dye concentration, transport mean free path, stimulated emission cross section and excited state lifetime were also examined. These results of the simulation well correspond to the experimental results by a two-beam spatial-correlation method.     

Excitation conditions for quantitative determination of quadrupolar spins with one pulse or spin-echo sequences in solid-state NMR

One of the major problems concerning quadrupolar spins in solid-state NMR is their quantification. If the optimal excitation conditions with one radio-frequency pulse are widespread known now, this is not the case with the spin-echo sequences. This paper reports some theoretical predictions and their limitations concerning quantification with the echo obtained with spin-echo resonances. To realize that, first, the relative line intensity of a transition (m+1,m) is defined in order to allow the comparison of results, from different authors. Then results concerning one pulse excitation on a spinI=3/2 are summarized. The condition of short pulse excitation is generalized to higher spins using the Pauli matrices applied to the two extreme cases: hard pulse or non selective excitation, and selective excitation. Finally the same procedure has been followed for the spin-echo sequence involving twox-pulses. It was shown that the optimum conditions are: both the pulse length must be sufficiently short, and the interpulse delay should be taken as short as the duration of the FID provided the phase of the second pulse alternates without changing the receiver phase. In these conditions, the relative echo amplitude depends linearly on the first pulse length and quadratically on the second. The limitations are: the homonuclear magnetic dipolar interaction must be much smaller than the heteronuclear case which must be itself much smaller than the amplitude of the pulse. Furthermore, quantification with the echo requires the determination of the spin-spin relaxation time as well.     

Complex resonance and relaxation oscillations in a laser

Optics and Spectroscopy - Resonance that arises upon excitation of a harmonic oscillator, which is exemplified by relaxation oscillations in a laser by a pump pulse with an exponentially varying...     

Linear phase slope in pulse design: application to coherence transfer

Using optimal control methods, robust broadband excitation pulses can be designed with a defined linear phase dispersion. Applications include increased bandwidth for a given pulse length compared to equivalent pulses requiring no phase correction, selective pulses, and pulses that mitigate the effects of relaxation. This also makes it possible to create pulses that are equivalent to ideal hard pulses followed by an effective evolution period. For example, in applications, where the excitation pulse is followed by a constant delay, e.g. for the evolution of heteronuclear couplings, part of the pulse duration can be absorbed in existing delays, significantly reducing the time overhead of long, highly robust pulses. We refer to the class of such excitation pulses with a defined linear phase dispersion as ICEBERG pulses (Inherent Coherence Evolution optimized Broadband Excitation Resulting in constant phase Gradients). A systematic study of the dependence of the excitation efficiency on the phase dispersion of the excitation pulses is presented, which reveals surprising opportunities for improved pulse sequence performance.