27Al+27Al重离子耗散碰撞中能量自关联函数的分析

测量了²⁷Al+²⁷Al耗散反应产物的激发函数,束流²⁷Al⁸⁺的入射能量从114MeV到127MeV变化,能量步长为200keV.探测角度覆盖了实验室系10°—57°的连续区域.用不同的理论模型分析了耗散产物的能量自关联函数.结果表明,反应所形成的中间双核系统的阻尼相干转动造成了激发函数中不可平滑的涨落结构,相干转动的阻尼来自量子混沌运动.     

19F+27Al耗散反应中双核系统的转动与形变

测量了¹⁹F+²⁷Al耗散反应产物B,C,N,O,F和Ne的激发函数,入射束流的能量从110.25MeV到118.75MeV, 能量步长为250keV. 从产物的 能量自关联函数中提取了反应中所形成的中间双核系统的转动惯量, 与相粘模型计算的刚体转动惯量相比较, 结果表明形成的双核系统有大的形变.     

19F+27Al耗散反应中双核系统的转动与衰变

测量了¹⁹F+²⁷Al耗散反应产物B,C,N,O,F和Ne的激发函数, 入射束流的能量从110.25MeV到118.75MeV,能量步长为250keV. 用能量自关联函数方法从激发函数中提取了各反应产物的平均衰变宽度, 利用同时考虑反应中所形成的中间双核系统的转动特性和衰变特性而发展了的Ericson核反应统计理论, 讨论了¹⁹F+²⁷Al耗散反应中双核系统随时间的演化过程.     

27Al+27Al耗散反应中间双核系统的核温度

从²⁷Al+²⁷Al耗散反应产物的激发函数中提取能量相干宽度Г,再求出双核系统的核温度T,并用相干转动的概念进行以合与解释.     

19F+51V耗散反应中能量相干宽度的角度相关性

报道了102.25—109.25MeV ¹⁹F+⁵¹V耗散反应激发函数的振荡现象,用统计学方法分析了截面涨落的能量相干,振荡结构表现出很强的出射道相关性.能量相干宽度Γ随出射产物的原子序数和质量数而变化.讨论了双核系统的角速度阻尼与转动能耗散之间的关系.     

19F+27Al反应产物的角分布、角分散与耗散机制

完成了114MeV¹⁹F+²⁷Al深部非弹性碰撞产物的角分布测量.分析了反应产物B,C,N,O,F,Ne,Na,Mg和Al的实验室系角分布,讨论了反应形成的中间双核系统随时间演化过程中角分布所表现出的耗散特点.从实验上提取了反应产物各元素的角分散参数并作了角分散参数的理论拟合,讨论了角分散参数的物理意义以及角分散参数与耗散反应产物的电荷数Z之间的依赖关系.     

19F+93Nb耗散反应产物不重复截面的分析

完成了¹⁹F+⁹³Nb耗散反应产物激发函数的两次独立测量,入射束流的能量从102MeV到108MeV,步长250keV.实验结果在一些相同能量点两次测量的截面不能重复.分析表明:能量自关联函数的离散程度大约相当于随机计数率引起的离散程度的3倍;激发函数曲线相对于能量平均本底的几率分布,有大约21髎超出了标准高斯分布宽度的3倍;两次测量得到的截面之差的几率分布大约有18髎也超出了标准高斯分布宽度的3倍.可见,两次测量的¹⁹F+⁹³Nb耗散反应产物激发函数的截面不重复性具有明确的统计意义,其来源不是计数率的随机涨落.     

19F+51V耗散反应同位素类弹碎片的截面涨落

采用飞行时间(TOF)加△E-E探测系统,在102.25-109.50MeV(能量步长为250keV)的¹⁹T+⁵¹V反应中,第一次给出了耗散碰撞同位素产物的激发函数,讨论了双核系统的能量相干宽度Γ与产物的质量数A和Γ与产物的中子过剩自由度N/Z的依赖关系.     

27Al+27Al耗散反应中激发函数的测量与统计性质分析

通过测量能量从114—120MeV、能量步长为200keV的重离子耗散反应²⁷Al+²⁷Al从θ(cm)=50°—90°的角分布和激发函数,在对所有宏观出射道积分的基础上,分析了重离子耗散反应中激发函数涨落的物理性质.     

19F+45Sc深非弹反应产物的激发函数

测量了102MeV到108MeV ¹⁹F+⁴⁵Sc反应在θ₁=26°和θ₁=42°的耗散部分产物的激发函数,能量步长300keV,靶厚53μg/cm².用统计理论求得了各元素的能量相干宽度Γ,提取了反应的特征时间τ,探讨了耗散反应机制.     

Angular Distributions and Angular Dispersions of the Dissipative Products in19F+27Al Reaction

Angular distributions of fragments b,c,n,o,f,ne,na,mg and al induced from the reaction of ¹⁹F+²⁷Al have been measured at the beam incident energy of 114mev. the angular distributions and the element distributions at different angles were analyzed to provide an evolution process of the intermediate dinuclear system. the angular dispersion parameters were extracted from the experimental data and compared with the theoretical results. the dynamic dispersions for the dissipative products are not negligible and depend strongly on the charge number Z of the fragments,the deeper dissipation the more dynamic dispersion.     

6 MeV/u 的19F+27Al 反应碎片的发射机制

重离子核反应中的碎片发射机制是近年来人们十分关注的研究课题。利用ΔE-E 探测器,测量了~6 MeV/u 的19F+27Al 反应中核电荷数Z = 2 ~13 的出射碎片。对产物的能谱、角分布、激发函数及能量自关联函数的分析表明,出射产物主要来自弹靶核深部非弹性碰撞所形成的转动的双核系统。In recent years, extensive studies have been made to understand the fragment emission mechanisms in low energy light heavy-ion reactions. These fragments are found to be emitted from quasielastic/projectile breakup, deep-inelastic and fusion-fission processes. Fragments of Z = 2~13 induced by the collision of 19F+27Al have been measured by ΔE-E telescope. The analysis of the energy spectra, angular distributions, excitation functions and energy auto-correlation functions of these fragments shows that the emission of fragments is coming from a rotational dinuclear system formed in the dissipative collision of the projectile and target nuclei.     

Distinctive features of heavy ton dissipative collisions

Examples of experimental angular, charge (mass) and energy distributions of reaction products from damped heavy-ion reactions are presented. Correlations between these observables, as well as with the associated light particles emitted in the deexcitation stage, are illustrated and shown to give important insights into the reaction mechanism of dissipative collisions. Comparisons of experimental results with dynamical transport calculations based on one-body nucleon exchange give strong evidence that stochastic exchange of independent nucleons account for the dominant part of the dissipative and fluctuative phenomena observed in damped reactions.     

Q- and Z-dependence of angular momentum transfer in deeply inelastic collisions of 86Kr with 209Bi

The dependence of the in-plane and out-of-plane angular correlations of fragments from fissioning heavy products on the kinetic energy and Z of the light reaction partner have been measured. From the dependence of the angular correlations on Q-value and hence energy loss, together with existing data from which the total angle-integrated cross section as a function of energy loss can be extracted, we have determined the dependence of the angular momentum transferred to the heavy product on the initial orbital angular momentum or impact parameter. The resulting dependence is qualitatively consistent with the sticking limit for a reaction intermediate of touching deformed fragments. More specific nuclear models generally underestimate the angular momentum transfer, although the one-body proximity-friction model accounts for the major fraction of the angular momentum transfer. A recent model incorporating both one-body proximity friction and collective excitations accounts quite well for the observed angular momentum transfer. The Z-dependendence of the anisotropy shows the importance of angular momentum fractionation for the less probable events, where the Z of the fissioning system is appreciably less than that of the target. The transferred angular momentum is shown to be fairly strongly aligned along the perpendicular to the reaction plane, with alignment values of 0.6 to 0.8. The component of angular momentum not along the perpendicular to the reaction plane is found to be primarily oriented perpendicular rather than parallel to the recoil direction. The absolute fission probabilities are found to be qualitatively consistent with J-dependent calculations using the J-values deduced from the angular correlations.     

Fusion-fission in the35Cl +12C reaction at Elab=180 MeV

The properties of the two-body channels populated in the³⁵Cl +¹²C reaction, at a bombarding energy of 180 KeV, have been studied by means of a kinematical coincidence technique. Binary reaction products show full energy equilibration and isotropic angular distributions in the center-of-mass frame. The asymmetrical elemental distribution of the fully-damped yields, similar to that observed previously in the³²S +²⁴Mg reaction, suggests the occurence of fusion-fission rather than orbiting.     

Use of nonlinear asymmetrical shock absorber to improve comfort on passenger vehicles

In this study the behaviour of two different types of shock absorbers, symmetrical (linear) and asymmetrical (nonlinear) is compared for use on passenger vehicles. The analyses use different standard road inputs and include variation of the severity parameter, the asymmetry ratio and the velocity of the vehicle. Performance indices and acceleration values are used to assess the efficacy of the asymmetrical systems. The comparisons show that the asymmetrical system, with nonlinear characteristics, tends to have a smoother and more progressive performance, both for vertical and angular movements. The half-car front asymmetrical system was introduced, and the simulation results show that the use of the asymmetrical system only at the front of the vehicle can further diminish the angular oscillations. As lower levels of acceleration are essential for improved ride comfort, the use of asymmetrical systems for vibrations and impact absorption can be a more advantageous choice for passenger vehicles.     

耗散反应产物的电荷扩散与能量相干

在输运理论的框架内研究了¹⁹F+⁵¹V耗散反应中能量相干宽度随出射产物中质比N/Z变化的关系,得到了反应系统已经达到电荷平衡的结论,提取了相应的电荷扩散系数. 分析表明电荷扩散过程造成了的分布宽度随反应时间线性增大的现象. 还探讨了各个同位素出射道的相关对激发函数振荡结构涨落幅度的作用.