基于地质聚合物混凝土的SHPB实验参数控制

为有效地测试地质聚合物混凝土的冲击力学特性,以矿渣、粉煤灰为原材料,制备了高流态的C30地质聚合物混凝土,探索了此类混凝土的霍普金森压杆(SHPB)实验技术参数的控制规律,得到了射弹速度、整形器直径与最佳近似恒应变率之间的关系。结果表明:波形整形技术消除了波形振荡现象,有效地降低了弥散效应;整形后应力波形的前沿升时远远高于传统矩形波的前沿升时,保证了应力的均匀性;通过组合控制射弹速度和整形器直径,实现了恒应变率加载。     

10 MA多支路汇流装置上钽的强度实验研究

磁驱动准等熵加载技术通过电流产生的磁压力加载材料,加载路径由负载电流波形和负载结构决定。作为应变率介于静高压加载和冲击加载之间的新型实验技术,熵增小、温升低。10 MA装置是典型的多支路汇流装置,包括24个电流支路,可在较大范围内控制负载电流波形,实现mm厚、cm直径样品在不同应变率下的准等熵加载。基于10 MA装置,通过调节负载电流波形实现样品加载路径控制,在一定压力-应变率范围,开展金属钽的强度实验研究,获取了不同厚度金属钽样品的加-卸载波剖面速度历史,分析获得了钽在系列峰值压力下的强度数据,比较了多个加载平台不同加载路径下的强度数据,实验结果与美国圣地亚国家实验室的磁驱动准等熵结果接近（平均应变率都约为105 s?1）,明显高于冲击加载的流动强度,低于准静态加载获取的流动强度,与应变率增高强度会有所下降的理论预测一致。基于多支路汇流装置,未来将可开展更为丰富的材料动力学特性实验研究。     

聚氯乙烯弹性体动态拉伸力学性能实验研究

为研究软质高分子聚合物材料的静、动态拉伸力学性能,利用Instron-5943万能材料试验机和改进型分离式霍普金森拉杆(SHTB)实验装置对聚氯乙烯(PVC)弹性体材料进行了静、动态拉伸实验,得到了该材料在应变率为0.1 s~(-1)及400～1 850 s~(-1)下的应力-应变曲线。动态拉伸实验过程中,联合波形图分析和高速摄像方法对试样连接方式和胶黏剂进行了优选,通过脉冲整形器延缓入射波上升沿以实现恒应变率加载,调整入射杆与吸收杆间空隙解决了入射波基线偏离问题。结果表明:PVC弹性体在准静态(0.1 s~(-1))拉伸载荷下具有明显的线弹性特征,在动态(400～1 850 s~(-1))拉伸载荷下具有一定的黏性特征。构建了朱-王-唐(ZWT)非线性黏弹性本构模型以表征PVC弹性体材料的黏弹性力学特征,实验与模型拟合结果较吻合。     

激光器件 其他

TN2422006010143基于光纤环形镜的全光脉冲整形器=An all-optical pulseshaper based on nonlinear optical loop mirror[刊,中]/蒋运涛(中科院上海光机所高功率激光物理国家实验室.上海(201800)),罗航…∥中国激光.—2005,32(9).—1239-1242提出了一种基于光纤环形镜的全光脉冲整形器。该全光脉冲整形器利用波分复用器将控制光脉冲引入光纤环形镜中,控制光脉冲由于交叉相位调制在信号光上产生的非线性附加相移。信号光在耦合器中发生干涉,经过整形的信号光脉冲从脉冲整形器的出射端出射,信号脉冲的波形由非线性附加相移的波形决定。实验…     

高应变率下硅橡胶的本构行为研究

 硅橡胶是一种高分子聚合物，可以承受大变形，用途广泛。利用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）实验技术，对硅橡胶试样进行了不同应变率下的冲击压缩实验，基于实验数据，利用应变能函数构建了考虑应变率效应的材料本构形式。同时，实验过程中发现，在高应变率加载条件下，材料在压缩变形后出现了损伤线区，线区直径与加载应变率及试样尺寸之间存在一定的定量关系。     

π相移光纤光栅对超声波致非均匀应变场的传感特性

π相移光纤光栅用于水中超声传感时,超声波沿光纤轴向入射和垂直光纤入射时的传感波形及幅度显著不同。针对这一现象,本文建立了基于光学传递矩阵的光纤光栅声传感理论模型,计算了超声波分别沿轴向和沿垂直方向入射时π相移光纤光栅中的非均匀应变场分布,进而分析了光谱偏移,揭示了两种入射角度下π相移光纤光栅的传感特性与声传播导致的应变场分布相关,并通过实验进行了验证。结果表明,两种入射角度产生的不同的非均匀应变场分布对π相移光纤光栅的传感特性影响明显。超声波垂直入射时的传感波形和幅度均优于轴向入射,且π相移处对传感有显著作用。当入射位置远离π相移处时,垂直入射的响应也明显降低。本研究可为π相移光纤光栅超声传感的机理分析提供参考。     

实现材料高应变率拉伸加载的爆炸膨胀环技术

一维的高应变率拉伸加载主要有3项实验技术——Hopkinson拉杆、电磁膨胀环和爆炸膨胀环。本课题组对传统的爆炸膨胀环实验技术进行改进,建立爆炸丝线起爆方式的新型爆炸膨胀环实验加载技术,并利用该技术开展了材料的高应变率拉伸实验,获得了较好的实验结果。     

基于冰颗粒增强的冻土细观动态本构模型

为了直观地描述冻土在冲击加载下的动态力学性能和应力-应变关系,从细观出发,将冻土视为冰颗粒增强的复合材料,建立了基于冰颗粒增强的冻土细观动态本构模型。根据土相在冲击作用下层层破坏的特点,假定冲击层的动模量因冲击损伤而发生变化,在模型中引入了应变率项。利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对冻土进行冲击加载实验,通过改变温度和应变率,获得了冻土在不同实验条件下的动态冲击应力-应变曲线。实验结果表明,冻土具有明显的温度效应和应变率效应。模型计算结果与实验结果符合良好,验证了所建立的动态本构模型的合理性和适用性,具有很强的工程应用价值。     

5083铝合金宽应变率实验与基于损伤的本构模型研究

5083铝合金材料在工程领域应用广泛,会受到包括冲击和碰撞等多种不同情况的强动加载,亟需对其宽应变率加载下的力学性能及其本构模型开展研究。首先,对5083铝合金进行了系统的准静态实验及中、高应变率加载下的拉伸和压缩实验,得到了宽应变率加载下的应力-应变曲线。实验结果表明,该材料在同一实验条件下所得到的应力-应变曲线,其强化阶段的拉伸曲线总是低于压缩曲线,并从微观机制上对这一现象进行了合理解释。然后,通过引入损伤,考虑了损伤对该材料拉伸加载情况下的力学性能影响。基于连续介质力学及其实验结果,获得了损伤演化方程。最后,借助改进的Johnson-Cook(JC)本构模型,并基于已确定的损伤演化方程,得到了考虑损伤的5083铝合金本构模型。通过实验曲线与所得模型曲线的对比,吻合良好,表明该模拟具有很好的适用性,能够对该材料的工程应用提供有效的科学依据、分析模型和必要的参考。     

高温处理后活性粉末混凝土动力学行为及本构模型研究

 利用分离式霍普金森压杆系统,采用铅片作为整形器,分别对常温下及400、600、800 ℃高温处理后的活性粉末混凝土（Reactive Powder Concrete,RPC）试样进行单轴冲击压缩实验,研究高温后RPC材料的动态力学性能,建立高温处理后材料的率型本构模型。结果表明：经不同高温处理后的RPC材料的动态抗压强度和韧性指标均有较明显的应变率敏感性,而峰值应变、初始弹性模量受应变率影响不大;不同应变率下,400 ℃以上高温处理后RPC材料的单轴动态压缩力学性能有所降低。扫描电镜分析表明,高温处理后RPC材料微观结构的劣化是宏观力学性能降低的根本原因。对ZWT粘弹性本构模型进行了修正,修正后的模型适用于混凝土材料经高温处理后的率型本构关系的分析。     

石英压电晶体在霍普金森压杆实验中的应用

 利用传统分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）对低密度、低波阻材料进行测试时,存在透射信号弱、试样在加载时间内难以达到受力变形均匀的不足。采用嵌入压电石英晶体技术测试微弱的透射信号,并监测试样两端应力平衡。实验测试了一种低密度聚氨酯泡沫,结果表明嵌入压电石英晶体技术可以大幅提高透射信号的幅值和信噪比,所测试的材料在应变率范围1 000~4 000 s^-1内应变率效应不明显。     

Photonic generation of arbitrary waveforms based on incoherent wavelength-to-time mapping

We demonstrate experimentally a radio frequency arbitrary waveform generator using the incoherent wavelengthto-time mapping technique.The system is implemented by amplitude modulation of a broadband optical resource whose spectrum is reshaped by a programmable optical pulse shaper and transmitted over a single mode fiber link.The shape of the generated waveform is controlled by the optical pulse shaper,and the fiber link introduces a certain group velocity delay to implement wavelength-to-time mapping.Assisted by the flexible optical pulse shaper,we obtain different shapes of optical waveforms,such as rectangle,triangle,and sawtooth waveforms.Furthermore,we also demonstrate ultra-wideband generation,such as Gaussian monocycle,doublet,and triplet waveforms,using the incoherent technique.     

Ultrashort optical pulse shaper based on complex-modulated long-period-grating coupler

In this paper,we present a novel ultrashort pulse shaper based on complex-modulated long-period-grating coupler(CM-LPGC).Temporal rectangular waveform with 2-ps full width at half maximum(FWHM) is obtained by transforming the input Gaussian pulse.Tolerances of the CM-LPGC-based shaper to various non-ideal excitation conditions and fabricating errors are investigated.Results confirm that CM-LPGC is stable and suitable for optical pulse shaping operation.     

Chirp control in the direct space-to-time pulse shaper

The dispersion properties of the direct space-to-time pulse shaper are investigated for the first time to our knowledge. We demonstrate that phase-front curvature of the input spatial profile leads to a chirp in the output temporal waveform, which one can compensate for by varying the separation between the pulse-shaping lens and slit. Furthermore, the output intensity profile remains invariant as the chirp is manipulated. These properties are fundamentally different than in the well-known Fourier-transform pulse shaper.     

Millimeter-wave arbitrary waveform generation with a direct space-to-time pulse shaper

By using tailored pulse sequences from a novel, 1.5-microm direct space-to-time pulse shaper driving a high-speed photodetector, we have achieved, for the first time to our knowledge, millimeter-wave arbitrary waveform generation at center frequencies approaching 50 GHz. By appropriately designing the driving optical pulse sequences, we demonstrate the ability to synthesize strongly phase- and frequency-modulated millimeter-wave electrical signals on a cycle-by-cycle basis.     

直线成形方法在基于SDD探测器的TXRF仪能谱测量中的应用研究

因全反射X射线荧光仪中入射X射线与全反射X射线形成驻波,导致样品被激发产生的特征X射线成周期变化,且在驻波峰区探测器产生的核脉冲重叠严重,有必要提高后续分析电路的重叠核脉冲幅度准确提取能力,进一步提升全反射X射线荧光仪的性能。由于SDD探测器产生的核脉冲下降沿依衰减系数τ_rc呈指数规律衰减,依据衰减补偿原则,建立直线成形方法并推导应用于数字化核脉冲的递归公式。实验发现：在ADC转换器的取样周期为T下,当k≥T/τ_rc时直线成形后的核脉冲顶部才能形成一条直线;在k=T/τ_rc时上升沿最短,重叠核脉冲分辨能力亦最好。直线成形后的核脉冲上升沿及平顶分布与上升时间参数最小时的梯形成形结果相同但前者的平顶更为光滑;由于直线成形后的核脉冲不存在下降沿,使得其宽度更窄,有利于分离相距更近的重叠核脉冲。通过拟合直线成形后的核脉冲分布规律,确定了直线成形方法可准确提取幅度值的最窄重叠核脉冲间隔;且直线成形方法对不同幅度核脉冲的放大倍数一致,证实直线成形方法不会改变谱仪的能量线性。直线成形方法能可靠应用的前提是准确定位核脉冲的起始位置,为此建立起冲击成形递归公式,验证发现冲击成形后的核脉冲仅在其起始位置出现幅度约等于核脉冲幅度的冲击响应,利用阈值判别就能准确定位所有核脉冲起始位置。最后在FPGA内实现上述算法,并进行10组比对实验,实验结果显示直线成形方法在堆积平台与和峰压制能力、峰背比和能量分辨率三个方面均优于梯形成形与模拟式能谱测量系统,证实直线成形方法能极大地提升全反射X射线荧光仪的性能。     

Quartic-phase-limited grism-based ultrashort pulse shaper

By replacing the dispersive element in a zero-dispersion pulse shaper with a grism, we have constructed a quartic-phase-limited pulse shaper. We demonstrate compensation of 4500 fs2 without the use of a dynamic element in the pulse shaping line, which is approximately the amount of dispersion induced by a typical multiphoton microscope. We also demonstrate that detuning the pulse shaper to compensate for quadratic phase induces negligible spatial chirp, thereby maintaining a high-quality focal spot for a microscopy setup.     

Influence of particle size on the low and high strain rate behavior of dense colloidal dispersions of nanosilica

Shear thickening is a non-Newtonian flow behavior characterized by the increase in apparent viscosity with the increase in applied shear rate, particularly when the shear rate exceeds a critical value termed as the critical shear rate (CSR). Due to this remarkable property of shear-thickening fluids (STFs), they are extensively used in hip protection pads, protective gear for athletes, and more recently in body armor. The use of STFs in body armor has led to the development of the concept of liquid body armor. In this study, the effect of particle size is explored on the low and high strain rate behavior of nanosilica dispersions, so as to predict the efficacy of STF-aided personal protection systems (PPS), specifically for ballistic applications. The low strain rate study was conducted on cone and plate rheometer, whereas the high strain rate characterization of STF was conducted on in-house fabricated split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. Spherical nanosilica particles of three different sizes (100, 300, and 500 nm) as well as fumed silica particles of four different specific surface areas (Aerosil A-90, A-130, A-150, and A-200), respectively, were used in this study. The test samples were prepared by dispersing nanosilica particles in polypropylene glycol (PPG) using ultrasonic homogenization method. The low strain rate studies aided in determining the CSR of the synthesized STF dispersions, whereas the high strain rate studies explored the impact-resisting ability of STFs in terms of the impact toughness and the peak stress attained during the impact loading of STF in SHPB testing.     

Acoustic pulse echoes probed with time-resolved X-ray triple-crystal diffractometry

Acoustic pulse echoes generated by femtosecond laser irradiation were detected using time-resolved x-ray triple-crystal diffractometry. The determined time-dependent longitudinal strain component for pulse echoes in silicon and gallium arsenide plates showed that the polarity of the strain pulse was dependent on the optically induced initial stress, and that the bipolar pulse waveform was gradually deformed and broadened in the course of propagation. The three-dimensional wave front distortion of pulse echoes was shown simply as the pulse duration broadening, which was consistent with a boundary roughness for an unpolished plate.