热象仪

本发明介绍热象仪系统。在热象仪中,发射红外辐射的场景通过光学扫描器连续扫描,投射给探测器,其输出信号波形由信号处理线路馈给视频输出装置。扫描器进行二维扫描,而探测器输出的是连续信号,它由探测器对热象仪机壳内部和景物有效扫描产生的两部分连续波形组成。因此探测器的输出信号是周期性的,周期T一般从第一次景物扫描的波形末端算起,到下一次景物扫描开始为止。景物扫描信息波形也有固定的时间T_1,热象仪的扫描     

小型高性能热象仪

本文叙述了RPC研制的一种小型,低成本,高性能热象议。该热象议以RSRE设计的同轴扫描新技术为基础。本文评述了热象议的基本设计要求,其中包括扫描元件和物镜的渐晕和光瞳漂移的消除、探测器最大限度的冷屏蔽。这些要求可通过下述方式满足:a)选甩阵列技术(以英国研制的Sprite红外探测器为例),b)使用光瞳中继光学系统(如在英国热成象通用组件Ⅱ型扫描器内)或另一种重合光瞳(如在同轴扫描器内)。扫描器的光学设计及其硬件的实现连同RPC热象议所用的望远镜、探测器和电路组件的详情一起给出。本文还讨论了直视和电视兼容输出的问题。文末列举了该热象议在多种军事应用中的一些实例。     

红外热像仪扫描器光学MTF的测试

叙述并探讨用数字傅里叶分析法测量红外热像仪扫描器光学ＭＴＦ的方法,该方法采用热像仪调试用的靶标和反射式平行光管及热像仪实际 ＳＰＲＩＴＥ探测器和输出电路,并得用扫描器自身的扫描获得线扩展函数,采用离散傅里叶变换法进行计算,具有设备简单、易操作和计算快捷的特点。     

IR18MKII热成像扫描器

ＩＲ１８ＭＫＩＩ热成像扫描器ＩＲ１８是一种小而轻的高性能热像仪，可提供与电视ＣＧＩＲ相兼容的６２５或５２５线视频输出，它采用组件化设计，由扫描头、电子处理器、电源装置、致冷系统和辅助望远镜组成。扫描头包括行、帧装量、驱动电路、同步器、探测器、前置放大...     

辐射扫描系统

在一个物空间辐射扫描系统中,扫描装置设有多组成对的平面反射镜。以其中任意一组为例,这两个成对的镜面基本相互构成直角,两镜面的交线又与扫描器的转轴垂直。扫描装置的设置应使辐射进入聚焦装置之前,先由一对镜面依次反射,而后由聚焦装置聚焦到探测器上。各对平面反射镜之间的夹角绕轴依次相差一个很小的角度,以此来获得二次扫描方向。     

粒子物理探测器侦察森林火灾

人造卫星可以观测覆盖30acre（英亩，1acre=0．405hm^2，hm^2为公顷，1hm^2=10^4m^2）左右的森林大火，而小面积的火焰通常可以用烟雾扫描器来探测，这种扫描器可以捕捉被烟雾散射的红外光,但是在刮风的天气烟雾被驱散，或火焰在刚刚燃起的时候，唯一可靠的办法是采用能够直接发现火焰的探测器,为避免阳光与火焰混淆，这种探测器必须对波长小于185nm的紫外光灵敏，来自太阳的这种波长的紫外光被臭氧层所吸收，而所有的火焰都会发射这种光线。     

新型光波导阵列电光快速扫描器的光波导效应

对新型光波导阵列电光快速扫描器中的光波导效应进行了研究,分析了考虑光波导模式效应的光波导阵列电光快速扫描器的扫描特性,指出光波导模式特性主要影响新型光波导电光快速扫描器的扫描范围和效率,并研究了在应用该器件进行光束扫描时的技术要求.     

红外全景扫描跟踪成像系统设计与实现

针对红外搜索跟踪系统中全范围快速搜索和跟踪成像视场不同的问题,采用线列探测器配合高速转台和高均匀性扫描器,设计实现了一种360全方位搜索和跟踪的成像系统。实验结果表明,该系统成功实现了360全景扫描,在搜索到目标后可快速转入跟踪成像,由搜索转入跟踪成像状态的稳定时间小于1.94 s,系统性能指标达到实用要求。     

一种新型的光波导阵列电光快速扫描器

研究一种新型的光波导阵列电光快速扫描器，分析了它的工作原理及光波导阵列结构对输出光空间分布特性的影响，并通过实验验证了器件的扫描特性，指出这种光波导阵列器件可以用很小的控制电压（＜10V），实现二维空间快速宽视场窄光束扫描。     

大角度低温光学扫描器

本文介绍了低温大角度扫描器的理论特性和制作技术。我们进行了利用压电陶瓷“逆压电效应”原理在常温条件下进行大角度、可控光扫描的探索性工作,并取得了可喜的成功,并在此基础上研究出了能在液氮环境下进行大角度扫描的低温扫描器。     

Influence of scanning velocity on bovine shank bone ablation with pulsed CO2 laser

The influence of scanning speed on hard bone tissue ablation is studied with a 10.6-μm laser. The groove morphology and the thermal damage created in bovine shank bone by pulsed CO2 laser are examined as a function of incident fluence by optical microscope following standard histological processing. The results show that ablation groove width, depth and ablation volume, as well as the zone of thermal injury, increase gradually with incident fluence. As compared to the result for high scanning speed, the lower scanning speed always produces larger ablation volume but thicker zone of thermal injury. It is evident that scanning speed plays an important role in the ablation process. In clinical applications, it is important to select appropriate scanning speed to obtain both high ablation rates and minimal thermal injury.     

高强度聚焦超声螺旋扫描形成的组织损伤研究

为满足高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗对组织损伤均匀性和高效性的需求,理论及实验研究了连续扫描模式下HIFU沿螺旋扫描路径形成的组织损伤。基于Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov方程和生物传热方程建立了声热耦合模型,数值模拟了螺旋路径栅格距离为3 mm和4 mm时不同扫描速度下HIFU辐照体模的温度场和组织损伤分布,并采用凝胶体模进行了实验验证。结果表明,采用连续螺旋模式可以使热扩散均匀化,产生分布均匀的热损伤;选择适当的栅格距离和扫描速度,发挥螺旋路径内外圈热扩散的相互影响,可以产生大范围的整体性的热损伤,同时提高治疗效率。本文工作对优化HIFU治疗效果具有指导意义。      

Development of irradiation strategies for free curve laser forming

Although forming sheet metal by laser-induced thermal stresses (laser forming) has been extensively studied, the research has mainly focused on a single angle forming process. The task of free curve laser forming of sheet metal is to determine a set of process parameters such as laser scanning paths, laser power and scanning speed that will make a given shape. Two methods were used for generating the laser scanning paths and the bending angles of each path. Each method was analyzed by computer simulation and the two methods were compared. Experiments verified the applicability of the proposed methods.     

CO2 laser cutting of ultra thin (75 µm) glass based rigid optical solar reflector (OSR) for spacecraft application

Present study reports for the first time laser cutting of multilayered coatings on both side of ultra thin (i.e., 75 µm) glass substrate based rigid optical solar reflector (OSR) for spacecraft thermal control application. The optimization of cutting parameters was carried out as a function of laser power, cutting speed and number of cutting passes and their effect on cutting edge quality. Systematic and in-detail microstructural characterizations were carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques to study the laser affected zone and cutting edge quality. Sheet resistance and water contact angle experiments were also conducted locally both prior and after laser cut to investigate the changes of electrical and surface properties, if any.     

飞秒激光刻写1×4铌酸锂光波导功分器的研究

采用一种以五次幂函数为基础所设计的1×4光波导功分器路径,利用中心波长为800 nm、重复频率为75 MHz的飞秒脉冲激光为光源,通过控制三位电动平移台,在Z切割铌酸锂晶体进行横向扫描此路径,在激光功率为270 mW和扫描速度为0.05 mm/s下,制备出1×4光波导功分器,分析了改变扫描速度和扫描次数对波导形成的影响,以及波导形成的原因.实验结果表明:在强激光的各种参量一定时,扫描速度越小,扫描次数越多,波导线宽越大,扫描速度在一定范围内时,波导损耗较低.     

Nonlinear wave propagation in constrained solids subjected to thermal loads

The classical mathematical treatment governing nonlinear wave propagation in solids relies on finite strain theory. In this scenario, a system of nonlinear partial differential equations can be derived to mathematically describe nonlinear phenomena such as acoustoelasticity (wave speed dependency on quasi-static stress), wave interaction, wave distortion, and higher-harmonic generation. The present work expands the topic of nonlinear wave propagation to the case of a constrained solid subjected to thermal loads. The origin of nonlinear effects in this case is explained on the basis of the anharmonicity of interatomic potentials, and the absorption of the potential energy corresponding to the (prevented) thermal expansion. Such “residual” energy is, at least, cubic as a function of strain, hence leading to a nonlinear wave equation and higher-harmonic generation. Closed-form solutions are given for the longitudinal wave speed and the second-harmonic nonlinear parameter as a function of interatomic potential parameters and temperature increase. The model predicts a decrease in longitudinal wave speed and a corresponding increase in nonlinear parameter with increasing temperature, as a result of the thermal stresses caused by the prevented thermal expansion of the solid. Experimental measurements of the ultrasonic nonlinear parameter on a steel block under constrained thermal expansion confirm this trend. These results suggest the potential of a nonlinear ultrasonic measurement to quantify thermal stresses from prevented thermal expansion. This knowledge can be extremely useful to prevent thermal buckling of various structures, such as continuous-welded rails in hot weather.     

A High-Speed 12-Layer Two-Dimensional Bar-Code Detection System

A new photodetection amplifier configuration with an amplification-type current-to-voltage converter is presented to realize a high-gain wideband amplifier. A high-speed 12-layer two-dimensional (2D) bar-code detection system (BCDS), consisting of the new photodetection amplifier and a raster scanner combined with a complementary light emission drive method for laser diodes, has been developed to provide both a highly effective scanning speed and multi-layer bar-code detection. The 12-layer 2D BCDS has shown 1,250 scan/s, which is two and a half times the scanning speed of a conventional bar-code detection system. Comparison with experimental results verified that Li’s scan pattern theory provides an accurate model for laser scanning beam traces obtained by the raster scanner. As theoretical evaluation of bar-code configuration in the new system, an optimum bar-code height per one-layer is given by a function of detection length.     

纳米结构Cu固体材料的低温热容性能研究

采用真空热压技术在高真空和温度为523K的情况下,通过不同压力将直径平均大约为45nm的Cu纳米粉末压制成纳米结构Cu固体材料,将X射线衍射、扫描电镜与物性测试仪(PPMS)相结合,研究了低温下纳米结构Cu固体材料的比热容随温度和材料密度的变化.研究结果表明:低温比热容随着纳米结构Cu固体材料密度的降低而升高;纳米结构Cu固体材料的低温比热容大于粗晶Cu,其增加率在10K左右达到极大.基于缺陷的热振动效应,探讨了这些现象的物理机理.     

提高太赫兹时域光谱仪测量速度研究

太赫兹时域光谱仪的测量速度是一个非常重要的指标,为了提高光谱仪的测量速度需要提高延迟线的扫描速度。实验研究了扫描速度、时间常数、采样率对太赫兹时域光谱仪信号品质的影响。研究结果表明,当时间常数为10 ms时,提高扫描速度不会对信号幅度造成较大改变;而当时间常数为30,100和300 ms时,随着扫描速度的提高,信号幅度会迅速降低,且时间常数越大信号幅度衰减越快,因此,为了避免在提高测量速度时导致信号品质的劣化,应尽量设置较小的时间常数。另一方面,当采集一定时域长度的信号时,扫描速度越高,采集到的采样点数越少,时域波形失真越严重,因此在提高扫描速度时,不仅需要减小锁相放大器时间常数,同时还需要相应的提高采样率以避免因采集点数减少而造成信号波形的失真。该结果可为提高太赫兹时域光谱仪的测量速度提供参考。     

Influences of CO2 laser annealing on mechanical and laser-induced damage properties of ZrO2 thin films

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) thin films were deposited on BK7 glass substrates by the electron beam evaporation method. A continuous wave CO₂ laser was used to anneal the ZrO₂ thin films to investigate whether beneficial changes could be produced. After annealing at different laser scanning speeds by CO₂ laser, weak absorption of the coatings was measured by the surface thermal lensing (STL) technique, and then laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) was also determined. It was found that the weak absorption decreased first, while the laser scanning speed is below some value, then increased. The LIDT of the ZrO₂ coatings decreased greatly when the laser scanning speeds were below some value. A Nomarski microscope was employed to map the damage morphology, and it was found that the damage behavior was defect-initiated both for annealed and as-deposited samples. The influences of post-deposition CO₂ laser annealing on the structural and mechanical properties of the films have also been investigated by X-ray diffraction and ZYGO interferometer. It was found that the microstructure of the ZrO₂ films did not change. The residual stress in ZrO₂ films showed a tendency from tensile to compressive after CO₂ laser annealing, and the variation quantity of the residual stress increased with decreasing laser scanning speed. The residual stress may be mitigated to some extent at proper treatment parameters.