阵列喷嘴干冰喷雾冷却特性数值研究

针对高热载荷电子设备散热冷却问题,开展阵列喷嘴干冰升华喷雾冷却特性数值模拟研究。分析了阵列喷嘴入口速度、喷雾高度和模拟热源加热热流密度对干冰喷雾冷却特性和温度均匀性的影响。结果表明：入口速度50 m/s时,热源表面平均温度达到最低值276.3 K;喷雾高度为3 mm时,热源表面的温度均匀性效果最佳。提高干冰入口速度和降低喷雾高度可强化冷却效果和热源表面热均匀性,模拟热源加热热流密度对干冰喷雾冷却换热系数影响不明显。     

双路离心式喷嘴雾化特性研究

在常温常压条件下,使用激光相位多普勒分析仪PDA(Phase Dopplor Analyzer)对某型双路离心式喷嘴的雾化 特性进行了试验研究。测量了不同工况下的喷雾特性参数,通过喷雾液滴粒子的索太尔平均直径SMD、通量及粒子速度 等量的变化规律分析了喷嘴的喷雾特性。     

脱硫废水液滴与飞灰颗粒碰撞特性数值研究

在利用烟道余热喷雾蒸发脱硫废水时,烟道中的飞灰会与喷雾液滴发生碰撞,进而影响废水处理效率.本文利用大涡模拟(LES)和离散相模型(DPM),模拟脱硫废水喷入烟道的雾化过程及粒径分布,重点考察了烟道飞灰与喷雾液滴碰撞时烟道流场分布及液滴空间分布,分析了Stokes数和喷雾角对流场和空间分布的影响规律.研究结果表明,采用空气雾化喷嘴雾化333.33 L·h~(-1)的脱硫废水,喷雾液滴的粒径分布为20～250μm;无飞灰进入烟道时,Stokes小于1时喷雾液滴速度衰减极快,Stokes大于1时喷雾液滴速度衰减最慢,且喷雾角较大时衰减更快;含飞灰进入烟道时,由于动量交换,喷雾液滴速度衰减更快,且碰撞主要发生于速度衰减到35 m·s~(-1)后的位置.     

喷嘴类型对制冷剂喷雾雾化特性及表面传热的影响研究

制冷剂瞬态喷雾冷却是辅助激光手术治疗皮肤病的重要手段,然而当前临床应用中存在冷却量不足、表面冷却不均匀等问题。喷嘴类型对制冷剂喷雾雾化均匀性及表面换热效率有显著影响,本文对比研究了直管喷嘴、膨胀腔喷嘴及环流气体辅助两相喷嘴进行R404A喷雾冷却时的雾化特性及表面传热特性。膨胀腔喷嘴及两相喷嘴具有更高的喷雾中心浓度,较直管喷嘴具有更高的冷却效率,并提高了冷却保护的均匀性及冷却范围控制的精确性,有望成为改善临床治疗效果的替代喷嘴。     

旋流多级气动喷嘴设计和喷雾特性研究

本文针对可调加热器用燃烧室的需要，设计了两种新型旋流多级气动雾化喷嘴，并对雾化性能进行了实验研究，探讨了影响喷雾特性的主要因素，评价了喷雾场．研究了最佳喷嘴结构形式，在模拟工况下雾化性能良好，适合小流量燃烧室工作需要，ＳＭＤ接近 ２５ μｍ．     

空气雾化喷嘴喷雾特性实验研究

基于在低温环境下使用空气雾化喷嘴进行喷雾结冰实验的实际需求,在喷嘴投入使用前,标定了日本雾的池内公司生产的BIMJ 7004型空气雾化喷嘴的喷雾特性,包括各工况下的压缩空气流量、水流量,喷雾锥角和液滴群中值体积直径(MVD),并重点探究了环境温度对MVD的影响。实验结果表明,喷嘴喷雾的MVD受喷嘴气路和水路入口压力的影响最大,且基本不受环境温度的影响,即在0²0℃的环境温度下,喷雾距离D=0.8 m时,喷雾中心线处的液滴蒸发对MVD的影响很小。     

液体推进剂模拟工质在离心喷嘴内流动特性研究

设计了一种双旋流槽离心式喷嘴,采用高速录像系统,研究了液体推进剂模拟工质在喷口处的雾化角特性。在实验基础上,建市r离心式喷嘴内流的VOF模型,基于FLUENT软件进行了数值模拟,获得了喷嘴内流场密度、速度分布特性。结果表明：喷雾初期喷嘴内存在一个空气核,随后很快消失,雾化角变小并趋于稳定。雾化角计算值与测量值吻合较好。     

单喷嘴横流气雾两相流掺混实验研究

采用PIV设备测量了方腔通道内气体液雾两相交叉横向流的掺混,液滴通过旋流雾化喷嘴产生,获得了沿横流方向不同掺混横截面的液滴分布图和液滴运动流线图.比较了三种喷嘴布置角度(60°,90°,120°)在不同气流速度下的掺混效果.结果表明:在横流作用和壁面约束的影响下,流场中出现不同尺度的漩涡,大涡的卷吸与离心作用导致液滴分布不均匀,影响了雾滴与气相的掺混.随着掺混的发展,大涡的强度和尺寸均减小,对雾滴影响减弱,掺混变好;三种喷嘴布置角度下,60°掺混最好,90°次之,120°最差.     

自激脉冲射流喷嘴参数对装置能耗影响分析

为揭示喷嘴各参数变化对低压大流量自激振荡脉冲射流装置能耗的影响,本文借助数值模拟的方式,对自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的能耗问题进行了探讨,根据各结构参数和运行参数变化对腔内速度矢量场、腔内空化区形状即压力场、以及脉冲射流频率影响的分析结果,得到了如下论断:在合适的工况下,上喷嘴入口速度的降低将同比例降低下喷嘴出口的能量输出,上喷嘴压力提高与下喷嘴射流动能的增加成三倍关系.经过与试验结果对照,验证了这一结论,这一结果对于优化设计自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴,指导自激喷嘴工业化设计具有重要的价值.     

高温横流燃气喷雾掺混的数值研究

高温高压条件下受限空间内旋流喷雾与横向气流的掺混规律尚不清楚,本文对圆形通道内高温燃气与旋流喷雾掺混蒸发过程进行了三维数值模拟,探究流场特征与掺混规律,研究增强流场掺混效果的方法。研究结果表明,四喷嘴周向均匀布置可以使雾化液滴群较均匀的充满掺混空间。相邻喷嘴中间区域液滴群浓度较高,气相温降较大。靠近壁面区域出现多组小尺度的旋涡对结构,小尺度涡结构的发展是促进掺混蒸发过程的主要方式。喷嘴雾化锥角、轴向倾角、切向倾角影响雾化液滴滞留时间及喷雾轴向贯穿深度,进而对掺混效果有较大影响,选择适中的喷嘴雾化角及入射角有利于流场掺混均匀。     

A Predictive Model for the Initial Droplet Size and Velocity Distributions in Sprays and Comparison with Experiments

The distribution of sizes and velocities of droplets initially formed in sprays is an important piece of information needed in the spray modelling, because it defines the initial condition of the spray droplets in the predictive calculations of the downstream two‐phase flow fields. A predictive model for the initial droplet size and velocity distributions in sprays is formulated in this study. The present model incorporates both the deterministic and the stochastic aspect of spray formation process. The deterministic aspect takes into account of the unstable wave motion before the liquid bulk breakup through the linear and nonlinear instability analysis, which provides information for the liquid bulk breakup length, the mass‐mean diameter and a prior distribution for the droplet sizes corresponding to the unstable wave growth of various wavelengths. The stochastic aspect deals with the final stage of droplet formation after the liquid bulk breakup by statistical means through the maximum entropy principle based on Bayesian entropy. The two sub‐models are coupled together by the various source terms signifying the liquid‐gas interaction, the mass mean diameter and the prior distribution based on the instability analysis. The initial droplet size and velocity distributions are measured experimentally by phase‐Doppler interferometry for sprays generated by a planar research nozzle and a practical gas turbine airblast nozzle. For the two nozzles, the liquid bulk sheet is formed before its breakup in a coflowing air stream. It is found that the model predictions are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data for all the cases measured. Hence the present model may be applied to a variety of practical sprays to specify the initial conditions for the spray droplets formed in practical spray systems.     

Auto-ignition of a polydisperse fuel spray

In the present paper, the effect of fuel spray polydispersity on the auto-ignition process in a fuel cloud is considered. In many engineering applications it is common practice to relate to the actual polydisperse spray as being equivalent to a monodisperse spray with all droplets therein having some average diameter. In combustion systems, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is frequently used for this purpose; it is based on the ratio between the total droplet volume and the total droplet surface area of all the droplets in the polydisperse spray. The main purpose of the current work is to examine qualitatively the dynamics of ignition of a truly polydisperse spray in a combustible gas medium and compare it with the dynamics of an equivalent monodisperse spray based on the SMD. Since the system of governing equations represents a multi-scale problem the method of integral manifolds is applied in order to extract the dynamical behavior. Preliminary computed results suggest that the use of the usual SMD-based monodisperse spray leads to quite a significant over-estimate of the ignition time. An alternative modified definition of the SMD, in which the overall liquid fuel volume is also conserved in the averaging process, reduces the discrepancy between the ignition time for the polydisperse spray and that of the equivalent monodisperse spray. However, it seems that some other sort of average droplet size needs to be determined to minimize the aforementioned discrepancy. These results highlight the care that must be exercised before dispensing with the behavior of the actual polydisperse spray in favor of that of an equivalent monodisperse spray, even at the expense of complexity.     

Control of spray spot shape in cold spray technology. Part 2. Spraying process

The present paper studies high-velocity heterogeneous flows produced with nozzle designs unconventional for cold spray; the process of coating deposition was studied under these conditions. The possibility of using unconventional gas dynamic tools (swirling of main flow, nozzles with permeable profiles and with slots in the supersonic part of nozzle) for control of particle distribution in the supersonic jet is investigated: this might be useful for obtaining a proper shape of the spray spot. These experiments offered a method of gas-dynamic design for the spray spot shape, which extends the possibilities of cold spray technique.     

SPRAY COOLING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE METALS USING HIGH MASS FLUX INDUSTRIAL NOZZLES

Systematic experiments were conducted for the spray cooling of high-temperature stainless steel using three different types of industrial sprays: full cone and flat hydraulic nozzles and a flat air-mist nozzle. In the present study, a wide range of mass flux (1.5–30 kg/m²sec) is covered, which has never been thoroughly investigated before. Orientations with respect to gravity and spray angle were also explored.

The data have been analyzed and correlated. The results of this study will be important to the product quality control in industries by providing a good estimation of heat flux at different mass flux, spray types, and surface temperatures, especially for spray cooling of stainless steel and other metals with similar thermal properties.     

喷嘴雾化特性实验研究

液体雾化是当前两相流研究中非常重要的课题,在农业、能源以及环境工程中具有广泛的应用价值,进行深入系统的研究具有重要意义。本文以空气、水为工质,使用马尔文粒度仪对单相和两相雾化器喷嘴的雾化特性进行了比较实验研究。测量了不同压力配比条件下液体雾化粒子的粒径分布,详细讨论了压力对于喷嘴雾化效果的影响。同时得出了两相流量与压力之间的变化规律。     

四种磁绝缘传输线的横向空间电荷流

根据电磁场基本理论及电子运动守恒方程，导出平板、圆柱、圆锥和圆盘这4种常用传输线的横向空间电荷流的数值模型和磁绝缘临界条件。通过数值模拟得到:传输线的电压越高，无磁场的横向空间电荷流越大，但是磁缘性能却越显著；若分别增大圆柱、圆锥的几何结构因子，既有助于减小它们的无磁场横向空间电荷流又有助于增强它们的磁绝缘性能；对于圆锥，若电极夹角较大，内电极的极角较小，则对减小无磁场空间电荷流和增强磁绝缘性也有一定好处。     

Control of spray spot in cold spray technology. Part 1. Gas dynamic aspects

This paper presents a study of supersonic jets formed by approaches that are new for cold spray technique: the main flow is swirled, the nozzles with permeable profiles and with exit slots on the supersonic section are engineered. The flow swirling achieved in the nozzle prechamber retains downstream to substrate surface. The system of vortices created within the permeable nozzles changes the shock wave features of the overexpanded jet and the geometry of the bow shock wave ahead of the substrate surface. These new features of flow may affect particle motion and particlesubstrate interaction under the conditions of cold spray process; this offers tools for obtaining the necessary shape of a spray spot.     

Corrosion and oxidation properties of NiCr coatings sprayed in presence of gas shroud system

The oxidation of a NiCr bond coat during air plasma spraying was controlled by designing a gas shroud system attached to the plasma torch nozzle. Two nozzles, termed as “normal” and “high-speed” nozzles examined the effect of nozzle internal design on the microstructure and phase structure of coatings. X-ray diffraction and SEM morphologies showed that the shroud system reduced the oxidation of NiCr particles during the spray process. Compared with conventional air plasma spraying, the argon gas shroud reduced the coating hardness because the volume fraction of partially melted particles increased. The high-speed nozzle reduced the oxidation and hardness of NiCr coatings due to the increase of partially melted particles in the coatings.     

气泡雾化喷嘴喷雾平均直径在下游流场中的分布

文利用激光衍射粒度仪对气泡雾化喷嘴下游流场进行了实验研究,主要分析了雾化颗粒直径随径向和轴向距离变化的趋势．由于喷嘴出口处气液两相流型和颗粒自身重量的影响,液雾颗粒沿径向呈现非轴对称分布;而液雾颗粒直径随着轴向距离的增加呈现先减小、后增大的趋势,颗粒直径的减小是大量气泡爆炸的结果,而后的增加则是由于颗粒之间的相互粘结造成的。     

油束撞击形成混合气及其燃烧过程的机理研究

本文介绍了用多次喷雾叠加摄影与激光粒子分析技术对燃油喷雾撞击前后的粒径、贯穿度以及喷雾锥角等因素变化所进行的观察和测量以及介绍了利用双像高速摄影技术对燃油束撞击雾化形成的混合气以及燃烧过程特点的研究。结果表明,燃油经撞击后可显著地增大油束扩散角、不同程度地影响了燃油束的贯穿度,但对燃油束撞击前后滴径变化的影响不大。混合气形成及其燃烧过程的高速摄影研究结果表明,燃油束撞击雾化对加快燃油与空气的混合并促进其火焰扩展起到重要作用。另外撞击反弹方向和喷油压力等也是影响混合气形成和燃烧的重要因素。