Bi系高温超导磁共振成像射频接收线圈的成像研究

射频接收线圈是磁共振成像系统输入通道的第一级,提高接收线圈的信噪比可以提高系统的图像质量.对于低场磁共振成像系统,如果能够降低常规铜接收线圈的等效串联电阻,就能够提高其信噪比.由于高温超导材料的直流电阻为零,交流传输损耗也远小于铜,采用高温超导材料制作磁共振接收线圈能够提高信噪比.本文采用Bi2223带材,设计、制作了超导接收线圈,并在0.23 T的磁共振成像系统中进行了成像实验.结果表明,超导接收线圈的图像信噪比比常规铜线圈提高约76%.     

1H/31P双核并行磁共振成像线圈的研究与设计

本文通过对鸟笼线圈原理和阵列线圈去耦原理的分析，提出了一种适用于自主研发的多核并行磁共振成像（MRI）系统的双核并行成像线圈设计方案，并在电感去耦的基础上提出LC并联trap去耦法，提高了去耦方法的可适性．依据设计方案制作了¹H/³¹P双核并行成像线圈，并将其应用于4.7 T磁体系统，利用自主研发的多核并行MRI系统进行了并行成像实验测试，成功获得了¹H和³¹P的并行磁共振图像，验证了设计方案的可行性．     

基于粒子群与遗传算法的矩阵式梯度线圈优化设计

磁共振成像系统中的梯度线圈产生用于选层、频率编码和相位编码的梯度磁场.目前常用的梯度线圈是通过目标场法设计得到的.近些年来,由多个形状相同的线圈组成的矩阵式梯度线圈的梯度磁场均匀度和功率等指标也达到了较为满意的效果.本文首先提出了一种基于粒子群与遗传算法的、适用于开放式永磁型磁共振成像系统的矩阵式梯度线圈设计方法.然后对三个方向上的矩阵梯度线圈的电流分布进行了设计,每个方向上的矩阵式梯度线圈系统由224个大小相同的圆形线圈组成.最后利用有限元仿真软件对设计方案进行仿真计算,得到x、y方向上的平均非均匀度为0.851%,z方向上的平均非均匀度为1.013%,验证了本文提出的方法的有效性.基于该方法可以有效快速地对开放式磁共振成像系统的矩阵梯度线圈进行设计.     

高场磁共振成像1H/31P双调谐射频线圈研究进展

在众多可产生磁共振现象的原子核中,¹H核凭借其在生物体中含量高、磁共振信号强的优势,成为磁共振成像的主要研究对象．但其它杂核在生命科学相关研究中同样具有不可替代的独特性,如³¹P核广泛参与了生物体内的能量代谢过程,是非质子成像研究领域的重要内容．MRI向更高场强的发展使得杂核成像逐渐普及,其核心部件是高质量的¹H/³¹P双调谐射频线圈．本文总结了与¹H/³¹P双调谐射频线圈相关的研究与应用,展示了9.4 T下小鼠脑的质子磁共振成像及磁共振磷谱,并讨论了高场¹H/³¹P双调谐射频线圈的潜在应用价值．     

短腔、自屏蔽磁共振成像超导磁体系统的混合优化设计方法

本文提出一种用于短腔、自屏蔽磁共振成像超导磁体系统的混合优化设计方法,通过结合线性规划和非线性优化算法,设计出的磁体系统具有建造成本低、结构简单、以及线圈中最高磁场、电流安全裕度和电磁应力可控等优点.首先,通过线性规划算法在欲布置线圈空间范围内建立二维连续网格划分,搜索满足磁场约束条件的网格电流分布图;其次,将电流分布图中的非零电流簇离散成螺线管线圈,通过非线性优化算法计算出满足成像区域磁场均匀度要求、5 Gs杂散场限制、线圈中最高磁场限制、电流安全裕度以及线圈间尺寸间隔等约束条件的线圈结构参数.文中给出一个中心磁场为1.5T自屏蔽磁共振成像超导磁体系统的设计案例,在50 cm球形成像区域所产生的磁场峰峰值不均匀度为10 ppm,线圈最大长度为1.32 m.该设计方法可用于对称、非对称螺线管线圈系统以及开放式双平面线圈系统的磁共振成像磁体系统设计.     

矩阵梯度线圈研究现状与发展趋势

梯度和匀场线圈性能的好坏直接影响磁共振成像质量．常规线圈在成像过程中存在一些固有的不足,如产生的磁场形态单一、不灵活,需要的线圈种类较多,结构较复杂等．而新型矩阵梯度线圈可以较好地弥补这些缺点．本文首先介绍了矩阵梯度线圈的概念及其特性,然后根据结构和功能对其研究现状进行分类汇总,在此基础上对矩阵线圈未来的发展趋势进行分析．此外,本文还对矩阵梯度线圈的前期研究基础进行了介绍．     

基于边界元方法的超导核磁共振成像设备高阶轴向匀场线圈优化算法

在磁共振成像设备中,为了消除目标区域内的高阶谐波磁场分量,传统方法采用无源匀场,但该方法匀场精度较低,针对性较差,适用于全局匀场,而有源匀场则可以通过优化线圈分布来产生所需要的特定的磁场分布.但是,由于匀场线圈线型的复杂度会随着线圈阶数的增加而增加,难以满足设计需要,因此本文提出了一种用于磁共振成像超导匀场线圈系统的多变量非线性优化设计方法.该方法基于边界元方法,将匀场线圈所产生的磁场与目标磁场之间的偏差作为目标函数,线匝间距、线圈半径等作为约束条件,通过非线性优化算法,得到满足设计要求的线圈分布.通过一个中心磁场为0.5 T的开放式双平面磁共振成像超导轴向匀场线圈的设计案例,说明本方法具有计算效率高、灵活性好的特点.     

23 Na磁共振成像的初步实验研究

介绍了用于²³Na磁共振成像实验的收发一体表面线圈的设计、制作原理与实际制作. 用制作的²³Na表面线圈在Bruker Biospec 47/30磁共振成像仪上采集了不同浓度NaCl溶液,盐腌制鹌鹑蛋和大鼠头部的²³Na密度像,为深入开展23Na磁共振成像的生物医学应用研究奠定基础.     

高温超导磁共振成像射频接收线圈的研究

为了提高低场磁共振成像系统的信噪比,提出了具有失谐电路的Bi2223带高温超导射频接收线圈.该线圈采用了电耦合方式传输超导谐振回路的磁共振信号,这种方式有利于进一步制成正交结构或相阵结构的超导接收线圈.为了防止趋肤效应降低超导接收线圈的性能,采用化学腐蚀的方法先将超导带的包套去掉,然后再制成超导主谐振电感.采用一种双探测线圈法对高温超导接收线圈和相同结构的常规铜线圈的Q值进行了测量,结果表明超导接收线圈比常规铜线圈的Q值约高一倍.     

一种以超分辨率理论为基础的磁共振眼球成像方法

磁共振成像（MRI）是一种无电离辐射的非介入性的眼内肿瘤检测方法,但分辨率和运动伪影是成像过程中不易克服的困难．以往的扫描方法或是不可避免的引入运动伪影,或是需要受试者做精确的配合,增加了成像的难度,给受试者带来不舒适的体验．本文提出了一种以超分辨率理论为基础的新的磁共振眼球成像方法,使用一种特制的眼球线圈,对眼部区域扫描一系列动态的图像,使得不同方向上的采集分辨率互补．最后经过预处理、配准、超分辨率重建等操作,得到高质量的磁共振眼球图像．实验结果表明,这种方法可以在不需要受试者做额外配合工作的情况下,得到更加清晰的磁共振眼球图像．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.