多层介质对应力波传播特性影响分析

 通过在气炮上进行多层介质的低速冲击实验及相应的数值计算，分析了不同组成的多层介质对应力波传播特性的影响。结果表明：多层介质中的泡沫材料不仅能够改变应力波的幅值与作用时间，而且具有显著的吸能效果，引起应力波在传播过程中在各层介质中能量与动量分配的改变。通过对泡沫铝和泡沫混凝土两种软材料在多层介质中作用的比较表明，在低速冲击的实验条件下，含泡沫混凝土的多层介质具有较好的削波作用，含泡沫铝的多层介质具有较好的吸能性能。     

超短激光诱导金属薄膜后向层裂的分子动力学模拟

 采用结合双温模型的分子动力学方法详尽描述了应力约束区域内部金属薄膜后向层裂的动力学过程。与辐照表面在激光加热作用下机械稳定性受到强烈影响而发生的前向喷射不同，后向层裂是冷材料的断裂。分析了层裂机制，得出靶材是在卸载波及被反射的压力波的共同作用下发生层裂;探讨了激光诱导压力波的传播规律，预测了不同靶厚下的层裂厚度及其对层裂开始时间的影响。     

预制破片与轻质壳体阻抗匹配对破片初速及完整性的影响

依据杀伤战斗部装药对破片爆轰加载过程的特征,设计了与其较为相似的滑移爆轰单元结构实验模型,采用闪光X射线照相方法获得了预制破片和轻质壳体在两种典型排布顺序下的破片初速及破损情况,并结合应力波传播理论对实验结果进行了分析。结果表明:破片外置时,初始应力波由低阻抗金属材料向高阻抗金属材料传播,破片受到壳体传入的冲击波及空气传入的拉伸波作用,初速较高,轻微破损;破片内置时,初始应力波由高阻抗金属材料向低阻抗金属材料传播,虽然破片受到爆轰产物传入的冲击波及壳体反射的拉伸波作用,但初速相对偏低,易发生破损,甚至有明显层裂现象。     

超短激光诱导金属薄膜后向层裂的分子动力学模拟(英文)

采用结合双温模型的分子动力学方法详尽描述了应力约束区域内部金属薄膜后向层裂的动力学过程。与辐照表面在激光加热作用下机械稳定性受到强烈影响而发生的前向喷射不同,后向层裂是冷材料的断裂。分析了层裂机制,得出靶材是在卸载波及被反射的压力波的共同作用下发生层裂;探讨了激光诱导压力波的传播规律,预测了不同靶厚下的层裂厚度及其对层裂开始时间的影响。     

强激光冲击铝合金改性处理研究

利用新型聚偏1.1-二氟乙烯（PVDF）压电传感器,实现了对激光引发的冲击波压力的实时测量,得到激光引发的冲击波峰压在铝中成指数型的衰减规律;观测了不同约束层材料在铝靶表面产生的激光冲击波,研究了不同约束层对冲击效果的影响;最后用激光冲击强化装置对7050-T7451航空铝合金结构材料进行了冲击强化处理,对试件激光冲击区存在的残余压应力及位错密度进行了测量。结果显示经激光冲击处理的试件表面具有极高的残余压应力,可达-200MPa以上。激光冲击处理后铝合金的位错密度得到显著的提高,疲劳寿命提高到175％～428％。这些重要结果对激光冲击改性处理技术的实际应用具有指导性作用。     

谱元法数值模拟约束结构内炸药中应力波的传播

针对高速侵彻类战斗部在侵彻过程中的装药安定性以及在意外事故中的安全性问题,对约束结构内炸药在冲击加载下的应力波传播规律进行了模拟研究。计算了不同侵彻速度下弹体的冲击响应函数,并将具有高精度和低耗散特点的谱元法应用于约束结构内凝聚炸药中的应力波传播模拟;考虑炸药-金属界面的动摩擦特性,计算了冲击加载下由动摩擦引起的装药-壳体界面温升,以及装药内部的塑性功积累。成功地将谱元法应用于凝聚炸药中应力波传播过程的模拟,模拟结果对更准确地评估热点生成机制,以及进行装药安定性分析具有参考意义。     

冲击加载下20钢中弹性前驱波衰减与应力松弛行为实验研究

 通过改变样品厚度，对平面冲击加载下20钢的弹性前驱波的波幅衰减和应力松弛进行了实验研究。采用激光速度干涉测速仪（VISAR）实测了样品后自由面速度历史，采样频率达到1 ns，保证了实验结果的准确性。实验结果显示：Hugoniot弹性极限随着传播距离呈指数衰减，在所研究的样品厚度范围内，Hugoniot弹性极限减小了44%；应力松弛行为和弹性前驱波的上升沿时间也依赖于传播距离；冲击加载的强度对材料动态屈服行为的影响很小。     

聚脲涂层复合结构抗侵彻机理实验研究

为研究聚脲涂层复合靶板的抗侵彻性能,利用球形弹丸开展了相近面密度下的钢质靶板与喷涂聚脲涂层复合结构的弹道冲击实验,得到了钢靶与采用不同涂覆方式制备的聚脲涂层复合结构的抗侵彻性能,分析了失效模式和吸能机理。结果表明:冲击过程中,前聚脲涂层能有效缓冲弹体与钢靶之间的撞击载荷,使钢靶产生预变形,降低弹体的相对侵彻速度,延缓钢靶绝热剪切破坏的发生,提高复合结构的弹道极限;后聚脲涂层可与钢靶协调变形,形成冲塞质量块吸能,吸收弹体动能,在弹速较高时有较好的吸能能力。     

面内双轴应力作用下单层黑磷能带性质研究

通过第一性原理对平面内双轴应力作用下的单层黑磷能带结构进行了计算.双轴拉伸应力作用下单层黑磷始终保持直接带隙性质,双轴压缩应力作用下的单层黑磷则发生了直接带隙转变为间接带隙的现象,当双轴压缩应力增加到7%时单层黑磷带隙闭合.     

冲击波加载速率对微射流影响的数值模拟

材料表面在发生熔化前，微射流可能是微喷射的主要物理机制之一。曾鉴荣等在纯铅的实验中发现，当靶板中出现三波结构（即弹性先驱波、相变波和塑性波）时，测得峰值压力为22GPa时纯铅样品的微喷射量比峰值压力为20GPa的单次冲击加载喷射量几乎减少了1／2。Asay在铝平面样品的微喷射实验中，也发现随着冲击波加载速率的减小（上升沿宽度增加），喷射量大致按指数规律减小。对于自由面上缺陷平均尺度为5lain的样品，在冲击加载变到35ns波阵面宽度的加载条件时，喷射量约降低了2个数量级。     

KrF Laser-induced Damage to ZrO_2/SiO_2 Coatings

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Microstructure and properties of plastic deformed martensite induced by laser shock processing

Firstly, 45# steel was quenched by the NEL-2500A rapidly axial flow CO2 laser. The experimental parameters were the laser power of 750 W, the laser beam diameter of 4 mm, the scanning velocity of 7 mm/s.The thickness of coating layer was 0.1 mm and the width was 8 mm. Secondly, the martensite induced by laser quench was shocked by Nd:YAG laser. The parameters of laser shock processing were the wavelength of 1.06 μm, the pulse duration of 23 ns, and the output energy of 16-20 J. The laser was focused on a spot of φ7 mm. K9 optical glass was used as confinement. The sample was coated with black paint 86-1 (the thickness is about 0.025 mm). By testing and analysis of samples which were treated by laser quench and laser quench+shock with transmission electron microscope (TEM), it was discovered that the surface layer of martensite was deformed plastically by laser shock processing. In the secondary hardened zones,there were a lot of slender secondary twin crystal martensites, dislocation tangles, and cellular dislocations.Compared with that of the hardened zones through laser quench only, the residual stress and mechanical properties of the secondary hardened zones were improved and increased through laser compound method.     

Theoretical analysis of the effect of coating polarization on the second harmonic generation of an Nd:YVO4/KTP laser

Jones calculus is used to analyze the effect of the polarization characteristics of the output mirror coating of a V-shaped Nd:YVO4/KTP laser on the second harmonic generation. The reflection-induced phase retardance (RIPR) of the coating can quench the second harmonic generation. When the optical axis of Nd:YVO4 makes a π/4 angle with the incident plane of the output mirror and the fast axis of KTP in the incident plane, the RIPR induced reduction of coupling factor of the second harmonic generation is less than 1% if the phase retardance is smaller than 25°. If the polarization direction of the fundamental wave coincides with the eigen-polarization directions of the incident plane, the effect of the reflection-induced phase retardance on the conversing efficiency can be avoided.     

Laser plasma propulsion generation in nanosecond pulse laser interaction with polyimide film

The plasma propulsion generated in nanosecond pulse laser interaction with polyimide film is investigated. A comparison of coupling coefficient and specific impulse with glass layer and water layer confinement is given. It shows that polyimide has a higher efficiency in water confinement ablation. Through doped carbon black in polyimide film, a higher coupling coefficient is obtained. In ablated surface images, less re-deposited products on polyimide surface have been observed compared with other polymers at the same laser intensity.     

以HMX为基的两种压装高密度炸药的燃烧转爆轰实验研究

 为研究以HMX为基的固体高能炸药的燃烧转爆轰性能,采用同轴电探针和压力传感器测试技术对常用的A、B两种压装高密度高能炸药开展燃烧转爆轰实验,研究装药组分和约束条件对压装高密度炸药燃烧转爆轰性能的影响。实验结果表明：这两种压装高密度炸药难以发生燃烧转爆轰;在强约束条件下（45号钢,内径25.4 mm、外径65 mm、长度600 mm）,A压装炸药（HMX质量分数为95%,密度为1.86 g/cm³）基本实现了燃烧转爆轰,爆轰诱导距离约为545 mm;在相同的实验条件下,A压装炸药比B压装炸药（HMX质量分数为87%,密度为1.84 g/cm³）更易于发生燃烧转爆轰,即A压装炸药的安定性相对较差。     

用零相关相位板匀滑散斑的理论研究

对零相关相位板匀滑散斑的特性进行了理论分析和散值计算,结果表明尽管零相关相位板是针对入射场为平面波面而设计的,但在入射场的振幅和相位有一定起伏的情况下,其远场光斑的散斑对比度明显低于采用随机相位板的情形.因而用零盯关相位板匀滑散斑是一种更为有效的方法.     

Laser backside etching of fused silica due to carbon layer ablation

The backside ablation of a absorbing carbon layer onto fused silica is studied in air and water confinement in comparison. The confinement influences the etch rate and the laser fluence dependence of the etch rate significantly while the threshold fluence is almost the same. The different confinement of the laser induced plasma results in the observed rate saturation in the case of air and in a linear growing rate in the case of water confinement at medium laser fluences. The less dense air confinement permits a faster plasma expansion of the laser plume than in the case of water confinement and effects consequently the interaction time and interaction strength of the laser plume with the fused silica surface. The differences in the laser-plasma-substrate interaction cause the observed rate saturation at weak interaction (air) and the growing etch rate at strong interaction (water). Thus, the confinement situation controls the interaction process in the case of backside ablation and should be considered in indirect material processing methods such as LIBWE and LESAL, too. PACS 81.65.C; 81.05.K; 79.20.D; 61.80.B; 42.55.L; 68.45.D     

Intensification and location of relativistic laser pulses against pointing fluctuations with micro-tube plasma lenses

We analyze, via an off-axis incident model and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, the influence of beam pointing fluctuations (BPFs) on the propagation properties of relativistic laser pulses in micro-tubes. It is observed that the in-tube laser intensity can be further amplified in the BPFs-induced off-axis incident case. But the intensification factor exhibits strong polarization-dependence. When the laser pulse is linearly polarized in the off-axis incident plane (p-polarization), more electrons may be dragged out from about a half of the tube inner surface in each across section than in the on-axis incident case, enhancing the effects of relativistic nonlinearity and channel focusing. The area for generating more electrons is reduced by one half in the s-polarization case, resulting in less efficient light intensification. The BPFs-induced off-axis incident also leads to pulse shortening. Moreover, light confinement in the tube core is evident and the laser pulse tends to be coaxial with the tube.     

Ge30Sb8Se62硫系玻璃的制备及其10.6μm低损耗空芯光子带隙光纤的设计

硫系玻璃光子晶体光纤在中远红外激光传输领域具有广阔的应用前景。制备了红外波段具有优良透过特性的Ge30Sb8Se62硫系玻璃,并以此为基质材料设计了一种适合于高功率中红外激光传输的带隙型光子晶体光纤。利用平面波展开法和有限元法分析了不同结构下该光纤的光子带隙、模场面积和限制损耗特性。通过优化光纤的结构参数,获得了在10.6μm处限制损耗小于0.1dB/m的大模场(模场面积大于100μm2)光子晶体光纤。     

CO2 laser cutting of slate

Slate is a natural stone which has the characteristic that shows a well-developed defoliation plane, allowing to easily split it in plates parallel to that plane which are particularly used as tiles for roof building. At present, the manufacturing of slate is mostly manual, being noisy, powdery and unsafe for the worker. Thus, there is a need to introduce new processing methods in order to improve both the working conditions and the quality of the products made of slate.Following the previous work focused on the drilling and cutting of slate tiles using a Nd : YAG laser, we present in this paper the results of the work carried out to explore the possibilities to cut slate plates by using a CO₂ laser. A 1.5 kW CO₂ laser was used to perform different experiments in which, the influence of some processing parameters (average power, assist gas pressure) on the geometry and quality of the cut was studied. The results obtained show that the CO₂ laser is a feasible tool for a successful cutting of slate.