Fabrication of the high power input coupler for BEPCⅡ superconducting cavities

The BEPCII storage ring adopts two 500 MHz superconducting cavities (SCC). Each one is equipped with a 500 MHz input power coupler. The coupler is to feed 150 kW power in continuous wave (CW) mode with both standing and traveling wave modes. Due to high power feeding and high frequency of the coupler, its fabrication is a big challenge. The fabrication started with two key components,the window and the antenna. Up to now, two sets including windows and antennas have been made by IHEP. And a 270 kW RF power in CW has passed through the coupler during the high power test. The fabrication details are presented in this paper.     

Fabrication of the high power input coupler for BEPCⅡ superconducting cavities

The BEPCII storage ring adopts two 500 MHz superconducting cavities (SCC). Each one is equipped with a 500 MHz input power coupler. The coupler is to feed 150 kW power in continuous wave (CW) mode with both standing and traveling wave modes. Due to high power feeding and high frequency of the coupler, its fabrication is a big challenge. The fabrication started with two key components, the window and the antenna. Up to now, two sets including windows and antennas have beam made by IHEP. And a 270 kW RF power in CW has passed through the coupler during the high power test. The fabrication details are presented in this paper.     

High power conditioning of the input coupler for BEPCⅡ superconducting cavity

High power conditioning of the input coupler for BEPCⅡ supercOnducting cavity has been performed.After room temperature conditioning,the RF power of 150 kW with continuous wave at standing wave mode passed through the coupler without any problem.Meanwhile,a series of methods have also been studied to improve the performance of the coupler during the beam operation.Up to now,the input coupler can feed a RF power up to 100 kW stably with high current of 250 mA at 2.5 GeV.     

RF characters study of a pick-up parallel-setting HOM coupler

A pick-up parallel-setting high order mode coupler(pps-HOM coupler)has been fabricated at Peking University.It has been tested on a coaxial transmission line and a 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity.The test result of the 2-cell TESLA cavity shows that the coupler can cut off the fundamental mode TM010 and absorb HOMs electively.As its RF properties are insensitive to the probe dip length,there is no need to adjust the probe repeatedly during practical operation.     

162.5 MHz高功率耦合器测试腔体设计

功率耦合器是粒子加速腔射频功率馈送的关键部件。耦合器在安装至加速腔之前,必须进行常温高功率测试和锻炼,以检验加工工艺和设计指标,提高其射频性能。详细介绍了中国科学院近代物理研究所ADS25 MeV加速器样机162.5 MHz耦合器测试平台的改进设计。针对原有接触式测试锻炼方式的不足,提出非接触式测试锻炼方案。对耦合器测试锻炼过程进行了物理抽象,采用理论模拟的方法分析测试腔体功率传输。基于分析结果设计了低损耗、宽通带、多用途的非接触式耦合器测试腔体。该腔体可实现20 kW测试功率下60 W左右的腔体损耗和15 MHz-3 dB带宽。Fundamental power couplers (FPC) are crucial components for feeding RF power to the accelerating cavities. Before being installed on the accelerating cavity, a coupler must be tested and conditioned at room temperature to check its fabrication quality, to verify its design specifications, and improve its RF performance. This paper thoroughly introduced the design of a test stand for the 162.5 MHz coupler of ADS 25 MeV demo facility at IMP, CAS. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the original contacting test method, a noncontacting test scheme was proposed. A physical model was built for the the coupler test and the test cavity power transmission was analyzed theoretically. Based on the analysis results, a low-loss, wide-passband and multipurpose non-contacting coupler test cavity was designed. With the new test cavity, a power loss of around 60W and a -3 dB bandwidth of 15 MHz at a test power of 20 kW was achieved.     

Measuring the performance of the coaxial HOM coupler on a 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity

Coaxial High Order Mode （HOM） couplers have been fabricated at Peking University and their RF performance has been measured on a test device consisting of a coaxial transmission line and a 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity. The test results on the 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity with HOM couplers indicate that the coupler can cut off the fundamental mode TM010 and absorb HOMs effectively after a careful adjustment. The optimal angle of the HOM coupler with the beam tube is found. The initial test results of HOM couplers are presented in this paper.     

花瓣形辐照加速器NB100的高频系统设计

介绍了花瓣形辐照加速器NB100高频系统整体方案和设计过程,如输入组件采用磁耦合设计、功率源与加速腔间采用同轴线连接、隔离窗选用平板窗等;给出了耦合环的最终设计数据与图形。高频系统投入使用后,通过初步测试,得到了驻波比小于1.1情况下,入射功率连续100 kW、脉冲250 kW的结果,证实了高频系统设计的合理性。     

C-ADS注入器Ⅱ项目RFQ射频系统介绍（英）

C-ADS注入器Ⅱ的RFQ射频系统是该强流加速器的关键一环,它通过两台完全一样的耦合器为一台四边形四翼型RFQ提供和传送功率。该射频系统在设计之初就考虑为10 mA连续束流而进行特殊优化,从功率源、耦合器和功率传输系统几个方面对其进行详细介绍,尤其是针对CW模式下的系统稳定运行以及设备可靠性等方面进行的特殊考虑和模拟方法。该系统已经在2015年通过了10 mA连续束的测试,证实了该射频系统的设计和调试符合物理的实验需求。特别阐述了该系统中一种新的碗型陶瓷窗耦合器的设计思路和一种无环形器情况下的特殊的耦合系数调谐方法,同时推导了双端口耦合的计算方法的具体设置过程。     

1.3 GHz 20 kW固态微波功率源的测试和运行（英）

北京大学3.5-cell直流超导(DC-SRF)光阴极注入器需要一台连续波功率20 kW的1.3 GHz微波功率源。为此北京大学和北京北广科技股份有限公司联合研制了一台由88个放大模块组成的固态微波功率放大器,这是国内首台L波段连续波大功率固态功率源。在简要介绍这台微波功率放大器设计的基础上,主要描述其调试过程和重要参数检测并着重讨论了全反射问题。测试结果显示这台功率源的各项参数均达到设计指标,在输出功率20 kW时的效率为34%,增益大于85 dB;在整个功率输出范围其增益和相移的变化分别为1.6 dB和9.5。目前这台功率源已在DC-SRF光阴极注入器调试运行中稳定工作超过2000 h。     

Measuring the performance of the coaxial HOM coupler on a 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity

Coaxial High Order Mode (HOM) couplers have been fabricated at Peking University and their RF performance has been measured on a test device consisting of a coaxial transmission line and a 2-cellTESLA-shape copper cavity. The test results on the 2-cell TESLA-shape copper cavity with HOM couplers indicate that the coupler can cut off the fundamental mode TM010 and absorb HOMs effectively after a careful adjustment. The optimal angle of the HOM coupler with the beam tube is found. The initial test results of HOM couplers are presented in this paper.     

Study and design of RF coupler for Chinese ADS HWR superconducting cavity

An RF power coupler is a key component of the superconducting accelerating system in Chinese ADS proton linac injector I, which is used to transmit 15 kW RF power from the power source to the superconducting HWR cavity. According to the requirement of working frequency, power level, transmission capability and cooling condition, the physics design of coupler has been finished, which includes RF structure optimization, thermal simulation, thermal stress analysis and so on. Based on this design, the prototype of HWR coupler has been fabricated, and it has successfully passed the high power test.     

Design and high-power test of 800-kW UHF klystron for CEPC

To reduce the energy demand and operation cost for circular electron positron collider (CEPC), the high efficiency klystrons are being developed at Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A 800-kW continuous wave (CW) klystron operating at frequency of 650-MHz has been designed. The results of beam-wave interaction simulation with several different codes are presented. The efficiency is optimized to be 65% with a second harmonic cavity in three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell code CST. The effect of cavity frequency error and mismatch load on efficiency of klystron have been investigated. The design and cold test of reentrant cavities are described, which meet the requirements of RF section design. So far, the manufacturing and high-power test of the first klystron prototype have been completed. When the gun operated at DC voltage of 80 kV and current of 15.4 A, the klystron peak power reached 804 kW with output efficiency of about 65.3% at 40% duty cycle. The 1-dB bandwidth is ±0.8 MHZ. Due to the crack of ceramic window, the CW power achieved about 700 kW. The high-power test results are in good agreement with 3D simulation.     

Development of fundamental power coupler for C-ADS superconducting elliptical cavities

5-cell elliptical cavities have been selected for the main linac of the China Accelerator Driven subcritical System(C-ADS) in the medium energy section. According to the design, each cavity should be driven with radio frequency(RF) energy up to 150 kW by a fundamental power coupler(FPC). As the cavities work with high quality factor and high accelerating gradient, the coupler should keep the cavity from contamination in the assembly procedure. To fulfil the requirements, a single-window coaxial type coupler was designed with the capabilities of handling high RF power, class 10 clean room assembly, and heat load control. This paper presents the coupler design and gives details of RF design, heat load optimization and thermal analysis as well as multipacting simulations. In addition, a primary high power test has been performed and is described in this paper.     

Mode control in a high gain relativistic klystron amplifier with3 GW output power

Higher mode excitation is very serious in the relativistic klystron amplifier, especially for the high gain relativistic amplifier working at tens of kilo-amperes. The mechanism of higher mode excitation is explored in the PIC simulation and it is shown that insufficient separation of adjacent cavities is the main cause of higher mode excitation. So RF lossy material mounted on the drift tube wall is adopted to suppress higher mode excitation. A high gain S-band relativistic klystron amplifier is designed for the beam current of 13 kA and the voltage of 1 MV. PIC simulation shows that the output power is 3.2 GW when the input power is only 2.8 kW.     

Study on the HOMs coupler design of spoke cavity

The superconducting spoke cavity has been proposed to accelerate the proton in the low energy section of high power proton linac for an Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System (ADS).Considering that the High Order Modes (HOMs)in the superconducting cavity have far reaching influence on power dissipation and beam stability,the analysis of HOMs of the spoke cavity is needed.In this paper,we put emphasis on the analysis of HOMs of the spoke cavity and the HOMs coupler design.     

Study of medium beta elliptical cavities for CADS

The China Accelerator-Driven Sub-critical System(CADS) is a high intensity proton facility to dispose of nuclear waste and generate electric power.CADS is based on a 1.5 GeV,10 mA CW superconducting(SC) linac as a driver.The high energy section of the linac is composed of two families of SC elliptical cavities which are designed with geometrical beta 0.63 and 0.82.In this paper,the 650 MHz β=0.63 SC elliptical cavity is studied,including cavity optimization,multipacting,high order modes(HOMs) and generator RF power calculation.     

高功率宽带射频调制连续激光源

射频强度调制激光作为激光雷达系统的载波可以有效提高系统的抗干扰和抗散射能力,高功率宽带射频强度调制光源是实现高分辨率远距离探测的关键.本文采用在Nd:YAG激光器的耦合腔中插入一对四分之一波片的方法实现了频差调谐范围为30 MHz—1.5 GHz的双频激光输出,结合光纤振荡功率放大技术,将双频信号光功率放大为50 W.耦合腔双频种子源具有良好的功率和频率稳定性,输出功率为9.5 mW时,功率标准差为0.145 mW,稳定性为1.52%,输出双频激光的频差为250 MHz时,拍频的标准差为1.6144 MHz.种子光进行三级光纤功率放大,得到50 W双频激光输出.放大后的双频激光功率波动范围小于0.1 W,双频拍频的标准差为1.777 MHz,很好地保持了放大之前的功率稳定性和双频频差稳定性.     

X波段大功率耦合腔行波管3维粒子模拟

 为提高行波管的增益和输出波形的稳定性,开展了带高频切断X波段大功率耦合腔行波管的研究工作。以点频7.2 GHz为例,对X波段耦合腔行波管的大信号注波互作用过程进行了3维粒子模拟,该行波管包含一处高频切断及两处微波集中衰减器。数值模拟结果表明：行波管腔数为40、电子束电压为17 kV、电流为0.8 A时,可获得2.0 kW的微波输出功率,增益达23 dB,电子效率达14.7%。     

Study on the HOMs coupler design of spoke cavity

The superconducting spoke cavity has been proposed to accelerate the proton in the low energy section of high power proton linac for an Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System (ADS). Considering that the High Order Modes (HOMs) in the superconducting cavity have far reaching influence on power dissipation and beam stability, the analysis of HOMs of the spoke cavity is needed. In this paper, we put emphasis on the analysis of HOMs of the spoke cavity and the HOMs coupler design.     

国内首次超导高频系统束流调试及高功率试验

2004—2007年BEPC高频系统从常温腔改建到超导腔, 逐渐解决了改频的物理问题和超导技术的工程难题, 实现了与国际先进技术接轨, 并按期保质完成了工程、调束任务. 高频系统是BEPCⅡ工程首个吸收国外超导技术、自主完成集成和调试成功的大型装置; 2006年7月国内首次超导高频大功率试验成功; 2006年11月完成系统联调, 按期投入BEPCⅡ首轮调束; 同年12月首次投入同步辐射运行; 2007年2至5月, 东、西两套超导高频系统在1MV以上的加速电压均已实现正/负电子1.89GeV注入积累和110/114mA对撞; 在同步辐射运行中, 逐渐达到2.5GeV/250mA、束流功率100kW, 接近国外同类机器水平; 束流试验证明两套高频系统的