Apodized fully-etched surface grating coupler using subwavelength structure for standard silicon-on-insulator waveguide

We design and demonstrate the fully-etched apodized grating couplers based on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform using subwavelength structure for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes operation. The subwavelength grating (SWG) is used to engineer the refractive index using second-order effective medium theory (EMT). The whole designing procedure is given in details, especially a feasible and programmable method is developed to precisely manipulate the coupling strength of each grating cycle. A perfect Gaussian output beam can be synthesized for the TE mode operation, achieving a field overlap up to 98.3% with the Gaussian fiber mode. The simulated peak coupling losses are ?4.63 and ?2.99 dB for the TE mode and the TM mode, respectively, which are comparable with conventional shallowly etched grating couplers, realizing a fabrication simplification without performance penalty. The measured peak coupling loss is ?7.6 dB for the TE mode coupler with a 1 dB bandwidth of 45 nm, and ?6.1 dB for the TM mode coupler with a 1 dB bandwidth of 34 nm.     

Apodized grating coupler using fully-etched nanostructures

A two-dimensional apodized grating coupler for interfacing between single-mode fiber and photonic circuit is demonstrated in order to bridge the mode gap between the grating coupler and optical fiber. The grating grooves of the grating couplers are realized by columns of fully etched nanostructures, which are utilized to digitally tailor the effective refractive index of each groove in order to obtain the Gaussian-like output diffractive mode and then enhance the coupling efficiency.Compared with that of the uniform grating coupler, the coupling efficiency of the apodized grating coupler is increased by 4.3% and 5.7%, respectively, for the nanoholes and nanorectangles as refractive index tunes layer.     

分析布拉格光栅破坏的两纤芯不同的光纤耦合器

进一步推广了描述纤芯不同光纤耦合器的耦合模理论，用于解释被布拉格光栅破坏的两纤芯不同光纤耦合器的耦合现象，理论分析的结果与已报道的实验结果相符，与单独的布拉格光栅所起的反射作用不同,这里布拉格光栅所起的作用主要是引入了强烈的色散，在光栅的频谱范围内使耦合器不再同步，在被布拉格光栅破坏的光纤耦合器的选择性频谱中，其边缘部分出现非常弱的波动，而在其阻带内出现非常强的凹陷。     

带有布喇格光栅的光纤失配耦合器的传输特性分析(英文 )

本文利用模式耦合理论,分析了光纤失配耦合器在耦合区带有一个布喇格光栅后两光纤中基模场的传输特性,得到基模场发生耦合现象的条件及满足的方程． 采用数值分析方法模拟耦合现象,并得出了带有布喇格光栅的光纤耦合器用于波分复用／解复用的最优化设计方案．     

Temperature-insensitive transverse load sensing with improved accuracy using stress induced birefringence effects of fiber Bragg grating

Different from the basic sensing theory of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors based on direct spectral analysis, a new method exploiting the polarization properties of FBG for temperature-insensitive transverse load sensing is proposed. In this paper, the birefringence effects on FBG under transverse load are analyzed. The evolution of the polarization dependent loss (PDL) of FBG with wavelength for the transmitted signals with respect to the transverse load is also studied theoretically and experimentally. We proposed utilizing the PDL evolution of FBG to precisely recover the wavelength spacing between the two peaks of x-mode and y-mode for accurate transverse load measurement. Good agreements between experimental results and numerical simulations had been obtained.     

带有布喇格光栅的光纤失配耦合器的传输特性分析

本文利用模式耦合理论,分析了光纤失配耦合器在耦合区带有一个布喇格光栅后两光纤中基模场的传输特性,得到基模场发生耦合现象的条件及满足的方程。采用数值分析方法模拟耦合现象,并得出了带有布喇格光栅的光纤耦合器用于波分复用/解复用的最优化设计方案。     

Influence of a power input coupler and a higher order mode coupler on the dynamics of accelerated particles

The transverse momentum introduced by a power input coupler and a higher order mode coupler is estimated, and the influence of the transverse momentum on the parameters of the accelerated beam is demonstrated with the injector of an energy recovery linac and a superconducting five-cell accelerating structure. Symmetric and asymmetric designs based on coaxial and rectangular waveguides are considered.     

Bi-wavelength two dimensional chirped grating couplers for low cost WDM PON transceivers

We propose and demonstrate a bi-wavelength two dimensional (2D) waveguide grating coupler on silicon-on-insulator which has efficient coupling of optical light with two-wavelength bands independently between standard optical single mode fibers and nanophotonic waveguides. The details of design are described and the measurement results as well as system performance are experimentally characterized. The bi-wavelength grating coupler can be used as wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) splitter/combiner for monolithically silicon integrated transceivers, potentially meeting the low cost requirements for future WDM passive optical network (PON).     

Single beam grating coupler with a large grating periodicity

Diffraction of a guided mode by a thin grating is analyzed by a graphical method in the general case where the coupled modes do not propagate in a symmetry plane of the grating. Predictions of the method are confirmed by experiments and single beam coupler configurations are proposed that do not require small grating periodicities.     

Q-switching an all-fiber laser using acousto-optic null coupler

A new method for Q-switching an all-fiber laser is presented. It is based on induced acoustic long period grating operating on a null coupler, which acts as acoustically controlled tunable output coupler. Q-switching is achieved by switching on and off the acoustic wave in a burst mode, thereby generating laser pulses that are ~400 times shorter than the acoustically controlled coupler’s rise time. Output pulse energy of 22 μJ and temporal width of ~100 ns were measured at a wavelength of 1.54 μm.     

阵列波导光栅波分复用/解复用器光谱响应效率的理论模型

基于单模光波导的本征模场分布，瑞利－索末菲衍射积分公式和天线原理的互易定理，给出耦合器中两个非接触平面光波导耦合特性的描述.基此，根据等光程差不等振幅多光束干涉的光场叠加原理，推导出新颖的阵列波导光栅波分复用/解复用器的光谱响应效率的解析函数表达式，这些表达式可为快速精确分析阵列波导光栅波分复用/解复用器的特性提供理论基础.同时,介绍了一个计算阵列波导光栅波分复用/解复用器特性的例子，给出其光谱响应度和信号通道串扰.     

Numerical Analysis on Transmission Characteristics of a Bragg Grating Assisted Mismatched Fiber Coupler

Based on mode-coupled theory, a Bragg grating assisted mismatched fiber coupler is analyzed theoretically. At the same time, a detailed numerical analysis on transmission characteristics of the coupler is carried out when it considers the arcs of two fibers in the coupling region of the coupler or not, and the optimized design on the Bragg grating assisted mismatched fiber coupler for wavelength-division multiplexing/ demultiplexing is proposed.     

Numerical Analysis on Transmission Characteristics of a Bragg Grating Assisted Mismatched Fiber Coupler

l IntroductionWavelength-division multiplexing (~) technology is an imPOrtant approach tosatisfy substantial increase of telecommunication network capacity. As one Of keytechnologies used in WDM networks, much progress has been made for wavelengthdivision multipl exing/ demul tip lexing technology thes e years. Based on perfect spectrumcharacteristics of fiber Bragg gratingS and fiber coUPlers, many approaches have beenproPOSed for wavelength-division multiplexing/ de multi pl eXing in a…     

基于光纤光栅的磁场测量新方法

提出了一种基于光纤光栅中法拉第效应和测量偏振相关损耗的直接测量磁场的新方法,给出了理论分析和实验结果.当有外加磁场时,光纤光栅中的法拉第效应使两个圆偏振光的传播常量改变,从而导致光纤光栅的偏振相关损耗的变化.仿真结果表明,外加磁场与偏振相关损耗峰值在一定的测量范围内存在线性关系,测量结果对温度变化不敏感.分析了光栅的参量对测量性能的影响.实验中得到该方案测量磁场的灵敏度为7.8e-6B/Gs,利用现有精度为10-6 dB的光矢量分析仪得到最小可测磁场为2 Gs.实验与理论吻合较好.     

All-Optical Bistability in Grating Coupling to Nonlinear Waveguide

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Single higher-order transverse mode operation of a radially polarized Nd:YAG laser using an annularly reflectivity-modulated photonic crystal coupler

We demonstrate single higher-order transverse mode operation of a radially polarized Nd:YAG laser by using a polarization-selective and reflectivity-modulated output coupler. A narrow annular region with low reflectivity fabricated in a photonic crystal mirror behaves so as to select a higher-order transverse mode of a cylindrically symmetric laser beam. A double-ring-shaped radially polarized TM(02) mode beam is stably generated.     

3-D Electromagnetic Modeling of Polarization-Dependent Coupling Characteristics of 1×3 Linear Array Weakly Fused Fiber Couplers

Based on the full-wave surface integral equations method and the steplike approximation technique, a three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic model for simulating polarization-dependent power-coupling behavior of 1×3 linear array weakly fused fiber couplers is proposed. The accuracy of the proposed numerical model is confirmed to be good by comparing with the measured power transfer behavior at the fusing and elongating process of the couplers. In the 3-D modeling view, the polarization-dependent coupling behavior of two practical couplers, 1/3 power splitter and wavelength-flattened coupler, are numerically studied. It is seen that as the coupler is designed in a very weakly fused condition the polarization-dependent loss (PDL) is significantly increased. For designing the 1×3 coupler with low PDL, it is suggested that the aspect ratio has to be controlled in stronger fused range between 0.8 and 0.9.     

薄膜光栅耦合器的研究

在玻璃衬底上制备了周期为0.56μm的薄膜光栅耦合器,用复制法把光栅做在玻璃衬底上。实验中,我们观察到,激光束既可以从光栅的上面(空气区)或下面(衬底区)耦合于波导薄膜内,又可以通过光栅由波导薄膜中耦合出来。调节激光束入射角可以激发不同阶的波导模式。由实验测得的输入耦合效率达66.0±0.5％。 关键词：     

3-D Electromagnetic Modeling of Polarization-Dependent Coupling Characteristics of 1×3 Linear Array Weakly Fused Fiber Couplers

Based on the full-wave surface integral equations method and the steplike approximation technique, a three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic model for simulating polarization-dependent power-coupling behavior of 1×3 linear array weakly fused fiber couplers is proposed. The accuracy of the proposed numerical model is confirmed to be good by comparing with the measured power transfer behavior at the fusing and elongating process of the couplers. In the 3-D modeling view, the polarization-dependent coupling behavior of two practical couplers, 1/3 power splitter and wavelength-flattened coupler, are numerically studied. It is seen that as the coupler is designed in a very weakly fused condition the polarization-dependent loss (PDL) is significantly increased. For designing the 1×3 coupler with low PDL, it is suggested that the aspect ratio has to be controlled in stronger fused range between 0.8 and 0.9.     

Simultaneous two wavelength operation of an optically pumped HCOOH laser on orthogonally polarized modes

Simultaneous laser operation in orthogonally polarized EH₁₁ and TE₀₁ waveguide modes is reported for pairs of cascade lines from an optically pumped formic acid vapour laser incorporating a strip grating output coupler. Observations were made for the 394 m/406 m and 433 m/446 m cascade sequences, the resonator length being adjusted so that the laser was simultaneously resonant on a mode of the primary transition polarized perpendicular to the strips of the output coupler and the same transverse mode of the secondary transition polarized parallel to the coupler strips. Power measurements showed that for the laser configuration used in this study the power of the primary transition was increased only slightly when the cascade lines were simultaneously resonant, whereas the secondary line could only lase under these conditions.