The Phase Sensitivities for Different Phase-Shift Configurations in an SU(1,1) Interferometer

We theoretically study the phase sensitivities of two different phase-shift configurations in an SU(1,1)interferometer with coherent ■ squeezed vacuum states.According to quantum Cramér-Rao theorem,we analytically obtain the ultimate phase sensitivities for two types of phase shift accumulating in one-and two-arm.Compared with the case of one-arm phase shift,the model with phase shift encoding in both arms may provide a better sensitivity when the strength of squeezed vacuum state is large enough.Furthermore,we discuss the achievable sensitivities with the homodyne measurement by invoking of error-propagation formula.In addition,we study the effect of internal and outernal photon losses on the phase sensitivity of the SU(1,1) interferometer and find that the unbalanced interferometer is helpful to improve precision even with high external losses.     

基于压缩光的量子精密测量

对任何物理量的测量都有一定的噪声, 经典测量所能达到的最小噪声一般称为散粒噪声, 对应着测量的标准量子极限. 利用压缩光可以突破标准量子极限, 从而提高测量精度. 本文介绍了压缩态光场用于突破标准量子极限的基本原理, 以及压缩态光场在相位测量、光学横向小位移及倾斜测量、磁场测量以及时钟同步等精密测量领域的应用和最新进展.     

基于零拍探测和压缩真空光输入增强Sagnac效应

利用量子技术增强Sagnac效应提高陀螺输出精度具有重要的研究意义, 是实现全自主导航的重要途径. 以相干态激光作为输入光源的光学陀螺因真空零点波动使其输出精度限制于散粒噪声极限而难以提高. 为减小真空波动的影响, 提出在激光输入的分束器的另一输入端输入压缩真空光并结合平衡零拍探测技术的方法增强Sagnac效应. 理论分析表明Sagnac效应性能得到有效提升: 干涉输出的灵敏度检测极限和动态范围均随着压缩程度的增加而呈指数级增长. 该方法只需对经典光学陀螺做少量改动就可实现, 是提高光学陀螺输出精度的一种新方法.     

Coherent interaction and action-counteraction theory in small polaron systems,and ground state properties

Based on the coherent interaction and action-counteraction principles, we investigate the ground state properties for small polaron systems, the coherent-squeezed fluctuation correction, and the anomalous lattice quantum fluctuation, with the new variational generator containing correlated squeezed-coherent coupling and quantum entanglement. Noting that $-2t $ is the T.B.A. energy, for the coherent interaction effect, we find the ground-state energy $E_0$ to be $-2.428t$, in which the coherent squeezed fluctuation correction $-A_0 t$ is $-0.463t $ (where $ t $ is the hopping integral, $\omega $ is the phonon frequency), with the electron-one-phonon coupling constant $g=$1 and the electron-two-phonon coupling constant $g_{1}=-0.1$. However, as a result of the action-counteraction effect, $\tilde{{E}}_{0} $ is $-2.788t$, but $-\tilde{{A}}_{0} t$ is $-0.735t$. As to the polaron binding energy $(E_{\rm P} )$, for the coherent interaction effect, $E_{\rm P} $ is $-1.38\omega $, but for the action-counteraction effect, $\tilde{{E}}_{\rm P}$ is $-1.88\omega $. In particular, the electron-two-phonon interaction noticeably enlarges the coherent interaction and the coherent squeezed quantum fluctuation correction. By intervening with the quantum entanglement, the evolutions of the squeezed coherent state and the lattice quantum fluctuation begin to take control. At that time, we encounter a new quantum phase coherence phenomenon — the collapse and revival of inversion repeatedly for the coherent state in the entangled evolution.     

The transfer of the quantum correlation from two-mode nonclassical state field to the supercurrents in two distant SQUID rings

We have considered two distant mesoscopic superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) rings A and B in the presence of two-mode nonclassical state fields and investigated the correlation of the supercurrents in the two rings using the normalized correlation function $C_{\rm AB}$. We show that when the parameter $\alpha$ is very small for the separable state with the density matrix $\hat {\rho } = (\left| {\alpha , - \alpha } \right\rangle \left\langle {\alpha , - \alpha } \right| + \left| { - \alpha ,\alpha } \right\rangle \left\langle { - \alpha ,\alpha } \right|) / 2$ and entangled coherent state (ECS) $\left| u \right\rangle = N_1 (\left| {\alpha , - \alpha } \right\rangle + \left| { - \alpha ,\alpha } \right\rangle )$ fields, the dynamic behaviours of the normalized correlation function $C_{\rm AB}$ are similar, but it is quite different for the entangled coherent state $\left| {u}' \right\rangle = N_2 (\left| {\alpha , - \alpha } \right\rangle - \left| { - \alpha ,\alpha } \right\rangle )$ field. When the parameter $\alpha $ is very large, the dynamic behaviours of $C_{\rm AB}$ are almost the same for the separable state, entangled coherent state $\left| u \right\rangle $ and $\left| {u}' \right\rangle $ fields. For the two-mode squeezed vacuum state field the maximum of $C_{\rm AB}$ increases monotonically with the squeezing parameter $r$, and as $r \to \infty $, $C_{\rm AB} \to 1$. This means that the supercurrents in the two rings A and B are quantum mechanically correlated perfectly. It is concluded that not all the quantum correlations in the two-mode nonclassical state field can be transferred to the supercurrents; and the transfer depends on the state of the two-mode nonclassical state field prepared.     

Parametric oscillation with the cavity mode driven by coherent light and coupled to a squeezed vacuum reservoir

We seek to investigate, employing stochastic differential equations, the squeezing and statistical properties of the cavity mode of a degenerate parametric oscillator driven by coherent light and coupled to a squeezed vacuum reservoir. Contrary to the case of the squeezed vacuum reservoir, it is found that the driving coherent light has no effect on the squeezing properties of the cavity mode. However, both the squeezed vacuum reservoir and the driving coherent light increase the mean photon number of the cavity mode.     

基于量子增强型光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的低频信号测量

利用低频光通信波段真空压缩态光场可实现基于光纤的量子精密测量.本文利用简并光学参量振荡器实验制备出1550 nm低频真空压缩态光场.在分析频段10—500 kHz范围内压缩态光场的压缩度均达3 dB.用实验制备的1550 nm真空压缩态光场填补光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的真空通道,实现了量子增强型光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,完成了突破标准量子极限的相位调制频率为500 kHz的低频信号测量.与光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪相比,测量信噪比提高了2 dB.     

Analytic solutions for degenerate Raman-coupled model

The Raman-coupled interaction between an atom and a single mode of a cavity field is studied. For the cases in which a light field is initially in a coherent state and in a thermal state separately, we have derived the analytic expressions for the time evolutions of atomic population difference W, modulus B of the Bloch vector, and entropy E. We find that the time evolutions of these quantities are periodic with a period of π. The maxima of W and B appear at the scaled interaction time points τ- = kπ（k = 0, 1, 2,...）. At these time points, E = 0, which shows that the atom and the field are not entangled. Between these time points, E ≠ 0, which means that the atom and the field are entangled. When the field is initially in a coherent state, near the maxima, the envelope of W is a Gaussian function with a variance of 1/（4n^-）（n^- is the mean number of photons）. Under the envelope, W oscillates at a frequency of n^-/π. When the field is initially in a thermal state, near the maxima, W is a Lorentz function with a width of 1/n^-.     

The probe gain with and without inversion in a four—level atomic model：light amplification at a short wavelength

We propose a new four-level atomic model for achieving light amplification at a short wavelength, where direct incoherent pumping into the top level is avoided by the advantage of coherent pumping. In this model, the lower level of the probe transition is an excited state but not the usual ground state. By analytical as well as numerical calculations, we find that the probe gain, either with or without population inversion, which depends on the relation between spontaneous decay rates $\g_{42}$ and $\g_{21}$, can be achieved with proper parameters. We note that the Raman scattering gain always plays an important role in achieving the probe amplification.     

隐形传送单模压缩态保真度的优化

基于Braunstein与Kimble的连续变量量子隐形传态方案，通过调节输出端位移因子可以优化单模压缩相干态和单模压缩真空态量子隐形传态的保真度；分析了单模压缩态的压缩参数对保真度的影响。     

Generation of unconventional geometric phase gates in ion trap-optical cavity system by squeezed operators

Based on squeezed operators this paper has implemented an ideal unconventional geometric quantum gate (GQG) in ion trap-optical cavity system by radiating the trapped ions with the cavity field of frequency w_c and an external laser field of frequency w_L. It can ensure that the gate time is shorter than the coherence time for qubits and the decay time of the optical cavity by appropriately tuning the ionic transition frequency w₀, the frequencies of the cavity mode w_c and the vibrational mode ν. It has also realized the unconventional GQG under the influence of the cavity decay based on the squeezed-like operators and found that the present scheme works well for the smaller cavity decay by investigating the corresponding fidelity and success probability.     

The q-analogues of two-mode squeezed states constructed by virtue of the IWOP technique

The q-analogues of two-mode squeezed states are introduced by virtue of deformation quantization methods and the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators. Some new completeness relations about these squeezed states composed of the bra and ket which are not mutually Hermitian conjugates are obtained. Furthermore, the antibunching effects of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state S＇s（τ） │00） are investigated. It is found that, in different ranges of the squeezed parameter τ, both modes of the state exhibit the antibunching effects and the two modes of the state are always nonclassical correlation.     

Generation of atomic Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states and cluster states through cavity-assisted interaction

This paper proposes a scalable scheme to generate n-atom GHZ states and cluster states by using the basic building block, i.e., a weak coherent optical pulse [α） being reflected successively from a single-atom cavity. In the schemes, coherent state of light is used instead of single photon source, homodyne measurement on coherent light is done kastead of single photon detection, and no need for individually addressing keeps the schemes easy to implement from the experimental point of view. The successful probabilities of our protocols approach unity in the ideal case.     

Phase estimation of phase shifts in two arms for an SU(1,1) interferometer with coherent and squeezed vacuum states

We theoretically study the quantum Fisher information(QFI) of the SU(1,1) interferometer with phase shifts in two arms by coherent ? squeezed vacuum state input, and give the comparison with the result of phase shift only in one arm.Different from the traditional Mach–Zehnder interferometer, the QFI of single-arm case for an SU(1,1) interferometer can be slightly higher or lower than that of two-arm case, which depends on the intensities of the two arms of the interferometer.For coherent ? squeezed vacuum state input with a fixed mean photon number, the optimal sensitivity is achieved with a squeezed vacuum input in one mode and the vacuum input in the other.     

Analytical approach of using squeezed state formation of light for conducting all-optical noise free NAND logic operation

We report a new all-optical noise free NAND logic operation using squeezed state of light with high speed of operation. The squeezed state of light generated by means of optical parametric amplification (OPA). The lights were generated in the same way to maintain the same characteristics. Balance homodyne detection scheme is utilized to detect the squeezed state of light. It is one of the promising squeezed light based devices for the next generation logic optical circuits.     

The influence of nonparaxiality on the spectral behavior in Young's experiment illuminated by partially coherent light

Starting from the Rayleigh--Sommerfeld diffraction integral, this paper studies the spectral behavior in Young's experiment illuminated by nonparaxial partially coherent light and compares with the paraxial case, where the influence of nonparaxiality of partially coherent light on the spectral shifts and spectral switches is stressed. It is shown that there is a spectral shift in the nonparaxial case relative to the paraxial one and the critical position changes, at which the spectral switch occurs. The ratio of the waist width to the central wavelength w₀/λ₀ and relative spatial correlation length \De affect the spectral difference. The smaller w₀/λ₀ is, the larger the difference between the nonparaxial and paraxial results appears. The effect of relative spatial correlation length Δ is relatively small.     

Entangled squeezed states:Bell state measurement and teleportation

We construct orthogonal Bell states with entangled squeezed vacuum states and show that these states can be discriminated with arbitrary precision when the amplitude of the squeezed states becomes sufficiently large. A scheme of teleporting a superposition state of the squeezed vacuum states based on the Bell state measurement is presented.     

Optical bistability of a composite system induced by a broadband squeezed vacuum

A composite system consisting of a degenerate optical parametric oscillator （DOPO） and N two-level atoms interacting with a broadband squeezed vacuum （SV） centred at frequency cas and an input monochromatic pumping field with a frequency ωp is analysed. The corresponding explicit analytical steady-state solutions in the central mode ωp = ωs are derived, and the result displays optical bistability （OB）. In addition, the influence of the broadband SV on the bistable behaviour is analysed in detail.     

Single-mode photon number measurement for the squeezed two-mode number state

Based on the fact that a two-mode squeezed number state is a two-variable Hermite polynomial excitation of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, the result of one-mode l-photon measurement for the two-mode squeezed number state $S_2|m,n\rangle$ is discussed. It is found that a remaining field-mode simultaneously collapses into a number state $|n-m+l\rangle$ with the coefficient being a Jacobi polynomial of n, m and l, which manifestly exhibits the entanglement between the two modes, i.e. it depends on the number-difference between the two modes. The second mode collapses into an excited coherent state when the first mode is measured as a coherent state.     

Generation of a superposition of odd photon number states for quantum information networks

We report on the experimental observation of quantum-network-compatible light described by a nonpositive Wigner function. The state is generated by photon subtraction from a squeezed vacuum state produced by a continuous wave optical parametric amplifier. Ideally, the state is a coherent superposition of odd photon number states, closely resembling a superposition of weak coherent states |alpha > - |-alpha >. In the limit of low squeezing the state is basically a single photon state. Light is generated with about 10,000 and more events per second in a nearly perfect spatial mode with a Fourier-limited frequency bandwidth which matches well atomic quantum memory requirements. The generated state of light is an excellent input state for testing quantum memories, quantum repeaters, and linear optics quantum computers.