人眼视网膜成像液晶自适应光学系统的优化设计

针对已有的人眼视网膜成像液晶自适应光学系统的不足,提出了新的优化设计方案.新设计的系统能对不同视度下的人眼进行高分辨率成像.新系统还采用了瞳孔监控装置和成像区域快速精确定位装置,并且采用了改进的消杂散光方法,能够使探测准确度和定位准确度得到保证.研究证明,该系统新的设计方案操作方便、灵活,便于推广使用.     

Validation method of infrared imaging simulation based on recognition range北大核心CSCD

随着红外成像技术的发展和应用,红外系统成像仿真及验证技术越来越受到重视。现有仿真模型验证方法没有考虑到人眼视觉的影响,可能导致严重后果,为了解决这一问题,提出了基于识别距离的红外系统成像仿真模型验证方法。以识别距离作为红外系统成像仿真模型的准确度评价因子,考评仿真图像与实测图像在灰度分布、信噪比、分辨率、成像大小、人眼视觉等方面的综合差异。     

人眼视网膜成像自适应光学系统设计

设计一套基于液晶空间光调制器的人眼视网膜成像自适应光学系统,以获得高分辨率视网膜图像,并且使该系统实现体积小,功耗低,成本低等优点.采用夏克-哈特曼探测器和基于硅基板上的液晶器件分别作为波前探测器和波前校正器.系统采用双对准光源以主观方式来使人眼对准,近红外光探测成像以减小对人眼的刺激.使人眼对有限距离对焦,以减小离焦对成像的影响,使该系统既可用于正常眼,又可用于近视眼.用ZEMAX软件对系统进行了模拟分析,认为该系统可获得高于3 μm的视网膜分辨率,该系统设计是合理可行的.     

人眼视网膜成像自适应光学系统设计

设计一套基于液晶空间光调制器的人眼视网膜成像自适应光学系统,以获得高分辨率视网膜图像,并且使该系统实现体积小,功耗低,成本低等优点.采用夏克-哈特曼探测器和基于硅基板上的液晶器件分别作为波前探测器和波前校正器.系统采用双对准光源以主观方式来使人眼对准,近红外光探测成像以减小对人眼的刺激.使人眼对有限距离对焦,以减小离焦对成像的影响,使该系统既可用于正常眼,又可用于近视眼.用ZEMAX软件对系统进行了模拟分析,认为该系统可获得高于3 μm的视网膜分辨率,该系统设计是合理可行的.     

成像光谱仪扫描镜运动准确度测量

扫描镜的运动准确度直接影响成像光谱仪对地运动补偿效果,为此研制了一套扫描镜运动准确度测试设备对其进行测量.首先分析了扫描镜的运动补偿原理,从理论上给出了运动补偿曲线;随后以15 m地面像元分辨率和系统调制传递函数下降2%作为依据分别确定了扫描镜的位置和速度准确度要求,列出了扫描镜运动补偿倍数与相对转速误差的关系.基于检定设备1/3法则提出了扫描镜运动准确度测试设备技术指标要求,接着以0.8″绝对式光电编码器为核心建立了一套扫描镜运动准确度测试装置,并从测试方法误差和编码器测角误差两方面对测试装置测角和测速准确度进行了详细分析;最后采用研制的测试装置对扫描镜的运动准确度进行了测量试验.试验结果表明扫描镜位置准确度优于3″±1.2″,4倍补偿时速度准确度为5.6%±1.29%,6倍补偿时速度准确度为3.85%±1.29%,满足成像光谱仪对扫描镜运动准确度要求.外场成像图像证明本文提出的扫描镜运动准确度测量方法及设备可用于成像光谱仪扫描镜的性能检测与验收.     

用于人眼视网膜成像照明的激光消散斑技术研究

以近红外激光(808 nm)作为人眼波前像差探测的信号光和视网膜成像的照明光,液晶空间光调制器(LCOS)作为波前校正器,用哈特曼波前探测器探测人眼像差,构建了人眼像差自适应校正的视网膜成像系统.利用模拟眼分析了激光散斑对相机成像的影响和对哈特曼波前探测器进行像差探测的影响,同时验证了利用旋转散射体的方法消除激光散斑的可行性和有效性;用活体人眼进行了激光消散斑前后照明视网膜进行成像的对比实验,并进一步利用自适应光学技术实现了对人眼像差的动态校正和视网膜细胞的连续成像.校正后,系统波前像差的均方根值小于0.1λ.实验表明激光消散斑后可以同时作为人眼像差探测的信号光和视网膜成像的照明光,从而可以进行连续自适应校正和成像.     

基于旋转镜法的低成本3D成像装置

利用高速旋转的平面镜将图像投射向空间的不同位置,人眼观察时由于存在视觉残留效应,就可以观察到3D投影成像.本文基于旋转平面镜法设计并制作了包含投影装置、反馈装置和配套的软件系统的低成本高分辨率和广观察范围的三维立体投影成像系统,实现了3D投影仪器的驱动和简单3D视频的制作.     

超分辨率活体人眼视网膜共焦扫描成像系统

活体人眼共焦扫描成像系统的分辨率受到人眼像差、数值孔径和探测针孔尺度的限制,本文设计了一套超分辨活体人眼视网膜共焦扫描系统,采用自适应光学技术探测并校正人眼像差,结合光学超分辨技术提高系统分辨率,补偿有限尺度针孔对分辨率的影响,并获得活体人眼的实时、高分辨图像. 关键词： 超分辨 共焦扫描光学显微术 眼科光学 自适应光学     

基于DMD的高动态范围场景成像技术

为了对高动态范围场景进行实时有效的观测,设计了一种采用数字微镜器件作为空间光调制器的成像系统.通过改进数字微镜器件的驱动时序,提高数字微镜扩展成像系统动态范围能力.针对光学系统存在畸变,采用多项式拟合法获得数字微镜器件到图像传感器的精确映射关系.针对一般调光算法导致调光后图像可视性差的问题,引入色阶映射算子生成调光模板,获得符合人眼视觉特性的调光结果.实验结果表明,在10帧/s的条件下采用数字微镜器件可提高传统成像系统动态范围66dB,成像系统总的动态范围达到126dB,图像传感器控制准确度达到0.69个像素级别,调光后场景高亮目标与暗背景可同时观测到,调光后采集图像的信息熵得到提高,系统满足对高动态范围场景实时成像观测的需求.     

微光成像系统的国值探测理论和视距探测方程的研究（续）

微光成像系统的国值探测理论和视距探测方程的研究（续）艾克聪（西安应用光学研究所）４微光成像系统新阈值预测理论和视距探测方程的研究经典微光成像系统的阈值预测理论认为：只要通过成像系统所得到的景物图像给人眼提供的视觉信噪比大于人眼的阈值信噪比，目标物就能...     

广域视网膜成像技术研究

针对传统眼底照相机检查不到视网膜边缘的缺陷,提出一种基于Volk角膜接触透镜的免散瞳广域视网膜成像系统。照明充分时,Volk镜头能够达到130°以上的视场。在传统眼底相机的基础上改进照明方式, 采用外部环形光纤照明的方式实现视网膜广域照明。增大入射角度消除鬼像的影响,同时避免由环形照明方式导致的中心区域的暗斑现象,被照亮的眼底图像经过接目物镜组消除眼角膜反射造成的杂光并采用手动调焦的方式在CMOS相机上成现清晰的像。图像采集使用(2/3)英寸板面彩色CMOS相机并且实时上传至电脑客户端进行分析、处理、存档等操作,经过后期图像处理后可为各类眼科疾病的诊断、筛查提供清晰、客观的依据。     

双树复数小波变换的视网膜图像半盲解卷积复原

针对导致自适应光学视网膜图像降质退化的原因,提出了一种结合双树复数小波变换(DTCWT)和图像半盲解卷积复原算法的方法。首先,对经过自适应光学实时校正技术得到的视网膜图像进行DT-CWT分解,得到低频和高频部分应的图像。将自适应光学成像系统中残余像差重建的光学传递函数作为图像复原模型的初始估计点扩散函数(PSF),并对低频部分图像进行条件约束的迭代半盲解卷积复原;对高频部分的图像进行去噪处理。最后,将处理后的高频和低频部分图像进行双树复数小波逆变换,获得复原图像。实验和结果表明:由该方法处理的视网膜细胞图像质量得到明显提高,图像客观质量评价参数相对于原始图像提高了5倍多;在视网膜细胞的空间频率范围内(70~90(°)~1),复原图像功率谱平均值提高了5倍左右,有助于对视网膜细胞的高分辨率观察。     

Visual Acuity Depends on Perceived Size

Increasing (or decreasing) the convergence angle can shrink (or expand) the perceived size of an object without changing its retinal size. The present report deals with the question of whether such a change in perceived size affects visual acuity. We investigated the effects of perceived size on the legibility of letters, using a telestereoscope which can control the observer’s convergence angle while keeping the size of the retinal image constant. We demonstrated that letters do become more legible (illegible) as perceived size expands (shrinks), although their retinal size stays constant. Then, we measured the ‘threshold’ size of the convergence angle, at which letters became legible from illegible, for several retinal sizes (0.1 to 0.2 deg) of letters. The result shows that the threshold decreases as the retinal size of letters decreases, so that the minimum retinal size of legible letters depends on the convergence angle. This implicates contributions from the size perception at higher levels of the visual system to the determination of visual acuity.     

Optically deviated focusing method based high-speed SD-OCT for in vivo retinal clinical applications

The aim of this study is to provide accurately focused, high-resolution in vivo human retinal depth images using an optically deviated focusing method with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system. The proposed method was applied to increase the retinal diagnosing speed of patients with various values of retinal distances (i.e., the distance between the crystalline eye lens and the retina). The increased diagnosing speed was facilitated through an optical modification in the OCT sample arm configuration. Moreover, the optical path length matching process was compensated using the proposed optically deviated focusing method. The developed system was mounted on a bench-top cradle to overcome the motion artifacts. Further, we demonstrated the capability of the system by carrying out in vivo retinal imaging experiments. The clinical trials confirmed that the system was effective in diagnosing normal and abnormal retinal layers as several retinal abnormalities were identified using non-averaged single-shot OCT images, which demonstrate the feasibility of the method for clinical applications.     

Integration System of Head,Eye, and Retinal Position Signals for Perceptual Direction

This study investigates the integration system of head (-to-trunk), eye (-to-head), and retinal position signals for hand pointing. In experiment 1, subjects changed their head and eye positions and pointed at a fixated visual stimulus by using an unseen pointer. In experiment 2, subjects fixated a visual stimulus and pointed at another visual stimulus. The results show that the head and eye position signals contributed linearly to perceptual direction (experiments 1 and 2), and that the coefficients of these signals decrease with peripheral vision and are smaller than the coefficient of the retinal position signal (experiment 2). These results collectively suggest that the integration algorithm of the position signals might be described by the linear summation equation and that the retinal position signal serves a more important role than the other position signals in the visual system.     

用于眼轴长度测量的弱光信号检测系统设计

在眼内入射光安全的前提下，由于眼轴长度测量时角膜表面与视网膜色素上皮层2个反射面的反射率相差较大，反射的光信号强度属于微弱信号范畴。为了能够去除噪声，快速提取该信号的峰值用于眼轴长度起止点计算，采用PIN光电二极管接收微弱光信号并配合I-V转换电路、自动增益控制电路及后级处理电路搭建了一套弱光信号检测系统。实验采用ZIESS模拟眼进行测试，结果表明设计的检测系统最小能探测到0.77 nW左右的微弱光信号，最大光电转换能力可达4.5×108 V/W，信噪比达到9 dB以上，测得眼轴长度结果与实际值最大存在0.05%的误差。系统具有低噪声、高增益、大动态范围等优点，为实现眼轴长度精准测量提供了一种有效方案。     

Capability of a Liquid-Crystal Adaptive Optics System Based on Feedback Interferometry for Retinal Imaging

A modified arrangement of the adaptive optical retinal imaging system that we described previously is proposed to reduce the intensity loss in the system, so that it works properly even when the intensity of light incident on the eye is very weak. Experiments to verify the system performance were conducted using a conventional artificial eye with a specular reflector as a model retina. We observed that an image of a test target (mimicking a retina) blurred by an aberration plate (mimicking the ocular aberrations) was successfully restored in the adaptive optics fashion even when the intensity of the incident light probing the aberration of the eye became about 1.5% of that required in the previous system. Effect of a more realistic artificial eye with a scattering object as a model retina was also examined experimentally. We found that not only the ocular aberrations, but also the retinal scattering cause the wave-front deformations and that our adaptive optics system compensates for both of them simultaneously.     

HIRFL新的束流分配系统

随着CSR的建成和兰州重粒子加速系统(HIRFL)实现质子加速,HIRFL现有的束流传输系统已不能满足越来越多的物理实验对供束时间的要求,为此,对原有的HIRFL的束流输运系统进行了分时供束改造,新的束流分配系统可以在给CSR供束和不供束两种情况下,同时使用SFC和SSC的束流在多个实验终端进行物理实验,介绍了新设计的HIRFL束流分配系统的布局和束流光学计算结果.     

New Beam Distribution System

With construction of CSR and acceleration of proton at HIRFL, the existing beam handling system can not meet the requirements of nuclear physics experiments for more and more beam time. For this reason, a new beam distribution system based on time is being constructed. The new system not only deliuers beams to the new terminals for reaser-ch program of proton and heavy ion therapies, single particle effects of spaceflight electronics components and irradiration effecs of living things, but also can provide beams for CSR when physics experiments are done on the experimental terminals with the beam from both SFC and SSC. The layout, performance and beam optics calculations of the new distribution system are presented.