利用振动光纤减弱激光散斑的研究

在激光投影显示技术中,引入振动光纤的方法能够以较小的能量损失减弱激光散斑.本文利用广义范西特-泽尼克定理对激光投影显示中采用振动光纤抑制散斑做了理论分析.结果表明,散斑衬比度的大小取决于光纤的模式数和投影系统的光瞳大小,对于相同大小的像面,收集更多的光纤模式数和增大孔径均可减弱散斑衬比度.用两种不同的多模光纤所做的对比...     

斜入射引入动态多重散射机制的激光散斑抑制

散斑抑制一直是激光显示技术的研究热点。对激光光束经SiO₂溶液所形成散斑的特性分析,建立了多重散射与散斑颗粒大小的联系。结合动态光散射理论,提出利用斜入射引入动态多重散射机制的激光散斑抑制方法,并构建由静态散射片和装有粒径为300 nm、摩尔浓度为3.0×10-4 μm-3的SiO₂悬浮液的光通管组成的散斑抑制装置,将其置入激光显示系统的光源部分。针对光束以不同入射角进入SiO₂悬浮液对散斑图像对比度影响进行了系统实验分析。结果表明,光束以约8°进入SiO₂悬浮液能将散斑图像的对比度从0.43降低至0.067。通过该方法实现了散斑颗粒的空间平均和散斑图像的时间平均,提高了散斑抑制的效果。散斑抑制单元无需振动装置且便于集成到激光投影系统中,不仅提高了系统的可靠性也减小了成本。     

光电子技术与器件 电视、电视技术

TN949.152006054464激光显示中斑纹横向尺寸的估计=Esti mation of laserspeckle transverse size in laser display[刊,中]/郝丽(中科院长春光机所.吉林,长春(130033)),张岳…//液晶与显示.—2006,21(3).—241-245介绍了减弱散斑的很多方法,并分析了这些方法用来抑制激光显示中散斑的缺陷。通过研究分析激光电视的工作原理,得出了激光电视屏幕上散斑的形成原因。建立了出瞳面和像面的二维坐标系统,利用统计光学方法得到了像面散斑光强横向自相关函数和规范化自相关函数的表达式,进一步推出像面散斑横向尺寸的平均大小。以红光为例,计算出…     

基于位相分布限制衍射光学元件的散斑抑制方法

根据散斑产生的机理,利用像素点之间干涉的概念,提出了通过限制光场的位相分布范围来抑制投影图像中散斑对比度的方法.在部分发展散斑的条件下,推导了位相均匀分布情况下的散斑对比度公式,揭示了当相位分布范围在0.6π~2π之间时,散斑对比度随相位分布范围的变化而震荡变化,当把相位分布范围限制在0.6π以下时,散斑对比度会随相位分布范围的减小而迅速下降.建立了理想仿真模型和实际仿真模型来验证该方法的正确性和可行性.在理想仿真模型中,当位相分布范围从2π变到0,所得散斑图样对比度从66.44%降到0;在实际仿真模型中,模拟了实际激光投影系统的光路结构,并运用了两片衍射光学元件,一片用于激光整形匀化,一片用于光场的位相分布范围限制,散斑图样对比度从92.78%降低到2.09%.该方法稳定性高、耗能低、使用元件尺寸小,为全息投影显示的散斑抑制提供了参考.     

光纤全息散斑干涉计量

脉冲激光经光导纤维传输后，其偏振性变化为随机分布，相干性有所降低，但它用在全息干涉计量中却有突出的优点，对于涉条纹的形成和清晰度没有影响。经常使用的光纤散斑全息干涉系统有两种类型：一种是只用传光束形成物光，参考光，此种系统形成的全息象清晰度有所下降，但做全息干涉计量时对条纹的衬比度和清晰度没有任何影响．另一种类型是物光和参考光都是用光导纤维传输，然后用光纤传象束将物体的象进行传输，再用透镜将其成象在底片上，做双曝光全息干涉时则形成全息散斑干涉计量，用全息方法再现时干涉图类似“杨氏”条纹。本文对上述两种系统，结合实验结果、分三种情况进行了研究。文章共分为三个部分：（一）引言；（二）散斑全息干涉计量；（三）结论。     

微型激光光学引擎中光学噪音的抑制

分析了微型激光投影引擎的两种主要光学噪音|干涉网格和激光散斑产生的基理|提出采用振动的随机位相板同时实现干涉网格和激光散斑抑制的方法并进行了理论分析|自行设计了微型激光投影引擎,利用微型电控马达带动随机位相板振动,用CCD相机在不同的F#及曝光时间下对投影图像进行了采集,并对图像的散斑对比度行了测试.结果表明,通过静止的随机位相板可以很好地抑制干涉网格噪音|通过使随机位相板以大于视觉暂留效应形成的融合频率进行振动,可以同时抑制干涉网格和激光散斑,使得散斑对比度小于5%,达到投影观察的要求.     

微型激光光学引擎中光学噪音的抑制

分析了微型激光投影引擎的两种主要光学噪音:干涉网格和激光散斑产生的基理;提出采用振动的随机位相板同时实现干涉网格和激光散斑抑制的方法并进行了理论分析;自行设计了微型激光投影引擎,利用微型电控马达带动随机位相板振动,用CCD相机在不同的F#及曝光时间下对投影图像进行了采集,并对图像的散斑对比度行了测试.结果表明,通过静止...     

激光偏振成像散斑统计特性和抑制方法研究EI北大核心CSCD

对激光偏振成像系统的散斑统计特性及其相应的散斑去除方法进行了理论和实验研究。运用穆勒矩阵法建立了该激光偏振成像系统散斑光强的概率分布模型。针对现代电荷耦合器件(CCD)的成像特点,通过比较散斑与像素的大小,将散斑分为两种情况进行研究,即小散斑和大散斑。得出散斑的归一化方差与像素成线性关系,均值不受像素的影响。进而提出了统一的散斑噪声概率模型,即改进的伽马分布模型。基于此模型,提出了改进的贝叶斯非局部滤波模型。通过处理真实的偏振图片,综合等效视数、边缘增强指数等指标,表明该算法比传统的散斑去除算法具有更好的散斑去除和边缘保持能力。     

激光显示中消散斑方案研究

激光显示消散斑问题是激光显示的重要研究课题,是阻碍激光显示真正实用化的一个关键难题。综述了国内外已有的消散斑方案的优劣以及可行性,并重点分析了双屏幕振动消散斑方案。在此基础上,提出了新的三种理论消散癍方案：铁电液晶消散斑,波导扰动光纤消散斑和旋转散射片消散斑。     

散斑法测量振动的液晶实时显示

一、概述1980年Takemort利用液晶光阀作散斑测振的实时显示,其装置如图1所示.用氩离子激光作入射光,扩束后辐照在毛玻璃上,使毛玻璃作面内振动,在其后方空间形成的散斑也作相应的振动.由于液晶光阀的时间积分性质,它记录了时间平均散斑花样,其作用就象全息底片一样.用准直的平面偏振He-Ne激光同时照明光阀,就可以实时地对散斑图作傅里叶变换,在傅里叶透镜的后焦面上得到贝塞尔条纹.     

Influence of the volume speckle on fiber specklegram sensors based on four-wave mixing in photorefractive materials

In this work, the dependence on the speckle size in the performance of a micro displacement sensor based on fiber specklegrams stored in a photorefractive BSO (Bi₁₂SiO₂₀) crystal is experimentally demonstrated. In our experimental setup, a plastic optical fiber (POF) was used to generate a subjective speckle pattern which was recorded in the crystal by using a four-wave mixing arrangement in transmission geometry. The speckle size was controlled by modifying the diameter of a pupil aperture adjacent to a lens producing the image of the speckle. The signal speckle beam was mixed into the crystal with two counter propagating pump beams to generate a fourth beam which is proportional to the conjugate of the original speckle beam. Real time fringe patterns were obtained at the output of the system by producing micro displacements of the fiber output end. Increases of the phase conjugation reflectivity and the visibility of the fringe patterns were appreciated when the speckle length was increased by decreasing the pupil aperture diameter. This behavior allowed recovering the autocorrelation functions of fringe patterns associated to micro displacements that initially led to decorrelation, and therefore, to improve the dynamic range of the metrological system. Until the best of our knowledge this is the first report about the influence of the speckle size on fiber specklegrams sensors recorded on photorefractive materials by four-wave mixing.     

Improvement of the dynamic range of a fiber specklegram sensor based on volume speckle recording in photorefractive materials

In this work, the improvement of the dynamic range of a micro displacement sensor based on fiber specklegrams holographically stored in a photorefractive BSO (Bi₁₂SiO₂₀) crystal is reported. In our experimental setup, a plastic optical fiber (POF) was used to generate a subjective speckle pattern that was recorded in the crystal using a two-wave mixing arrangement. The speckle size was controlled by modifying the diameter of a pupil aperture adjacent to a lens producing the image of the speckle. Fringe patterns were obtained at the output of the system by producing micro displacements of the fiber output end. An increase in the visibility of the fringe patterns was appreciated when the pupil aperture diameter decreased even without controlling the average modulation of the intensity of the light pattern, i.e. when the speckle length increased and the average light modulation simultaneously decreased. This behavior allowed recovering the autocorrelation functions of fringe patterns associated with displacements that initially led to decorrelation, and therefore, significantly to improve the dynamic range of the metrological system. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report about the influence of speckle size on the dynamic range of fiber specklegrams sensors recorded on photorefractive materials.     

激光光斑形状和尺寸对扫描显示中散斑对比度的影响

计算了圆形、矩形激光光斑对于激光扫描显示系统中散斑对比度的影响.对于圆形光斑,当光斑尺寸大于散射表面相关长度时,得到的散斑对比度随着光斑尺寸变小而下降;当光斑尺寸接近表面相关长度大小时,由于光斑中包含的散射颗粒变少,得到的是非高斯散斑,散斑的对比度反而会变大;随着激光斑进一步变小,由于镜面反射效果散斑的对比度会很快下降.对圆形光斑部分结果给出了实验验证.为了保证光斑中有足够的散射颗粒,只在一个方向压窄光斑,分别计算了平行于扫描方向和垂直于扫描方向压窄光斑得到的散斑对比度.平行于扫描方向压窄光斑,散斑的时间相关性会下降,平均效果变明显,散斑的对比度变小;垂直于扫描方向压窄,散斑对比度变化不大.     

Speckle analysis in laser scanning display system

The theory of speckle formation in laser scanning display system is established based on the averaging effect of eye response as laser beam scanning through an eye resolution spot. It is analyzed that speckle reduction can be obtained by averaging states of speckle during scanning. The theoretical results show that a smaller correlation length of screen surface and the narrowing of laser beam in scanning direction can reduce speckle contrast for this system.     

Analysis of speckle reduction based on theory of optical eigenfunction

The principle of optical eigenfunction is used in the analysis of speckle reduction in laser projection display.When the moving diffiuser is used in the speckle reduction approach,the speckle contrast is decided by both the degree of freedom (DOF) of the projector and the area of resolving cell of the eyes on the screen.It can gain high DOF of the projector by increasing the space-bandwidth product,i.e.,adopting a projection lens with a high numerical aperture or a large viewing field.The best scheme is equalizing the DOF of the scattering wave from a moving diffiuser to that of the projection lens.The experimental results are in accordance with the conclusion drawn by optical eigenfunction.     

Angular dependence of screen speckle and fiber speckle of coupled output of nine high-power blue laser diodes through a multi-mode fiber

Angular dependence of speckle contrast of speckle pattern projected out of a multi-mode fiber connected to a high-power blue laser module is investigated. The laser module has nine high-power InGaN/GaN blue laser diodes arranged in a three-by-three array. Each of the arrayed laser diodes have slightly different incident angle to the fiber. We have successfully extracted the fine screen speckle pattern from the projected pattern mixed up with the coarse fiber speckle pattern by processing the measured data. It is found that the speckle contrast of the both screen and fiber speckles are larger around the center area where the guided-light component closest to the paraxial direction is projected. This is because the output of the center laser in the array is likely to couple into the paraxial mode more than the rest. Speckle contrast behaviors when applying the speckle reduction methods, fiber vibration, diffuser, and spinning diffuser are also investigated.     

Real-time anti-node visualization of vibrating distributed systems in noisy environments using defocused laser speckle contrast analysis

A simple optical technique is described that allows for the direct whole-field visualization of anti-nodal patterns in noisy environments. The technique involves the combination of defocused laser speckle imaging with the laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) algorithm to relate local contrast reduction of a laser speckle pattern to the magnitude of the gradient vectors that arise due to the tilt deflection of a vibrating surface. The method requires no reference beam and is tolerant of environmental noise. The sensitivity of the technique is a direct function of the degree of defocus of the speckle pattern and thus can be readily adjusted. By ratioing the instantaneous contrast to the reference image contrast, a simple method for thresholding the noise floor (noise at reference state) is attained, thus increasing the method's tolerance to ambient disturbances. Results from forced vibration via acoustic excitation of a square and rectangular membrane—with and without simultaneous white noise excitation—are shown. Results are compared to theoretical predictions for an ideal membrane, with good agreement.