中能重离子碰撞中的各向异性流标度

用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(IQMD)模型, 研究了25MeV/A的⁸⁶Kr+¹²⁴Sn碰撞系统在较大碰撞参数下的轻碎片的各向异性流(v₂和v₄), 发现横向动量依赖的椭圆流(v₂)存在对轻碎片核子数的标度律(number-of-nucleon scaling)现象, 以及不同轻碎片的v₄/v₂²比值都近似等于一个常数0.5. 这种标度律现象可以用核子层次碎片形成的组合(coalescence)模型来解释.     

12C离子引起裂变反应的碎片角分布

本工作采用固体核径迹探测器(天然白云母)和金硅面垒型半导体器测量了72.7,69.6,67.4,65.4,63.4和61.4MeV ¹²C离子轰击¹⁶⁹Tm,¹⁷⁵Lu,¹⁸¹Ta,W,Re,Pt,¹⁹⁷Au,Pb和²⁰⁹Bi裂变反应的碎片角分布.建立在鞍点模型基础上的裂变碎片角分布理论能够很好地解释碎片角分布实验数据.对于不同的可裂变参数Z²/A,本工作给出了K²随核激发能E^*的变化趋势.由碎片角分布各向异性提取的J₀/J_eff值与转动力液滴模型的计算值做了比较.     

12C+209Bi和14N+Pb裂变反应碎片角分布和激发函数测量

本工作采用固体核径迹探测器(天然白云母)和金硅面垒型半导体探测器测量了¹²C+²⁰⁹Bi和¹⁴N+Pb裂变反应的碎片角分布和激发函数.由碎片角分布各向异性提取的鞍点有效转动惯量J₀/J_eff与转动有限力程模型(RFRM)做了比较.用统计蒸发模型计算的裂变激发函数拟合实验数据,研究了裂变位垒的角动量效应.     

重离子碰撞中的K介子流

用量子分子动力学(QMD)模型研究了中能重离子碰撞中的K⁺介子流. 计算结果显出, 实验数据只能与计入由手征拉格朗日导出的K⁺平均场势的结果相符合.这表明, K⁺介子边流的形式是对在核介质中K⁺位势的一个有效的探针.     

基于最新势能面的C(1D)+H2反应的环聚合分子动力学研究

本文利用环聚合分子动力学方法对C(¹D)+H₂反应开展了详细的理论研究. 计算中使用了最近构建的Zhang-Ma-Bian(ZMB)从头算势能面,该势能面对锥形交叉附近区域以及范德华区域均有精确的描述. 环聚合分子动力学计算得到的热反应速率常数与最新实验值吻合很好. 与前人计算结果比较,发现在?¹A′电子基态的ZMB-a势能面上获得的反应速率常数远大于前人构建的RKHS势能面上的结果,这是由于ZMB势能面上的范德华鞍具有与之前势能面上的范德华阱完全不同的动态学作用,表明环聚合分子动力学方法能够处理范德华作用引起的势能面拓扑结构所导致的动态学效应. 本文还揭示了b¹A′′电子激发态ZMB-b势能面以及量子效应对反应的重要性.     

小x区核遮蔽效应的研究

本文分析了小x区原子核内邻近核子间海夸克空间重叠行为,给出了核遮蔽因子R(x,Q²,A)与空间重叠程度因子ΔV_A(x)/V_A(x)的关系.并据此计算了¹²C、⁶³Cu和¹¹⁶Sn的平均核结构函数与氘核结构函数之比,计算结果与实验数据符合甚好.     

94Mo高自旋态能级纲图

通过重离子融合蒸发反应¹⁶O(⁸²Se+4n)⁹⁴Mo布局了⁹⁴Mo核的高自旋态.利用多探头探测器阵列GASP进行了在束γ测量,从而重新研究了⁹⁴Mo核的高自旋态能级结构.基于新发现的一些重要的连接跃迁,对⁹⁴Mo核的高自旋态能级纲图做了重要修改.将新的能级结构与壳模型计算进行了比较和讨论.结果表明要正确的描述94?Mo核的高自旋态(自旋值大于14)能级结构,应考虑价中子在d_5/2,g_7/2和h_11/2轨道上的激发.     

中能重离子碰撞中的碰撞参数研究

在入射能量E为40和100MeV/u时,对¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn两个反应系统在不同碰撞参数下进行了同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型计算,系统研究了阻塞率、线性动量转移、荷电粒子多重性、轻荷电粒子多重性、中子多重性以及束缚核总电荷Z_bound随碰撞参数的变化规律,结果表明,中子多重性对碰撞参数的依赖在两个能量下都存在着明显的同位旋效应,Z_bound在E为40MeV/u时存在着同位旋效应.同时讨论了在较低和较高能量时如何更合理地确定反应事件的碰撞参数.     

A=147—153核的Gamow—Teller跃迁

在壳模型的基础上系统研究了¹⁴⁶Gd区A=147-153核的Gamow-Teller跃迁.这些相对¹⁴⁶Gd核心为粒子态的核唯一的β允许衰变道为π1h_11/2→v1h_9/2的Gamow-Teller跃迁.计算结果表明,实验的约化几率B(GT)与计算的B(GT)比较,存在一个阻塞因子γ²,即γ²=B_exp(GT)/B_cal(GT)=0.17±0.05.     

6Li与核弹性散射的微观光学势

从基本的Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock微观理论出发，得到同时包含实部和虚部的核子-核散射的微观光学势，并利用折叠模型直接获得了核-核散射参数无关的整体微观光学势.考虑到核-核散射去弹过程高级项的贡献和⁶Li的碎裂效应，在微观光学势的实部和虚部中引入了修正因子N_R，N_I.系统研究了入射粒子⁶Li与靶核¹²C，²⁸Si，相似文献   

用改进的量子分子动力学研究中能重离子碰撞中多重碎裂

本文利用改进的量子分子动力学模型(MQMD)研究中能重离子碰撞中的多重碎裂过程.在MQMD的基础上通过模拟计算发现:MQMD由于考虑了动量相关势和Pauli势,极大地改善了多重碎裂产额的计算结果与实验数据的比较.同时研究了二者对碰撞动力学的不同影响.最后,讨论了理论计算与实验结果仍有矛盾的原因,并提出了进一步改进的方案.     

Multifragmentation Process in HIC Simulated by Modified Quantum Molecular Dynamics

The collision dynamics and yields of the multifragmentation in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions are simulated within the frame of the modified quantum molecular dynamics(MQMD ).With this new MQMD,it is found that the obvious improvements about the agreements between the experimental data and the simulating results for the fragment production by means of MDI and Pauli potential are achieved.Meanwhile the different influences of MDI and Pauli potential on the collision dynamics of intermediate energy heavy ion collisions are obtained.Finally the possible reasons for the discrepancies between the experimental data and the present simulating results and remedies of these deficiencies are discussed in detail.     

Angular and Z Distributions of the Fragments at Forward and Intermediate Angles in the Reaction of 25MeV/u 40Ar+115In,58Ni,27Al

The angular & Z distributions of foe fragments emitted in the forward and intermediary angles are measured at the reaction of 25 MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹¹⁵In,⁵⁸Ni,²⁷Al. Their characteristics are investigated based on the model of Modified Qantum Molecular Dynamics (MQMD). Generally, the theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experiment data. But in the forward angles the yield of the fragments is underestimated by MQMD model while in the case of the intermediate angle region, the calculation is higher than the experiment data in some degree for the fragments whose charge numbers are in the vicinity of the proiectile. The angular & charge distributions of the fragments are also compared with the statistical model of GEMINI. The results turn out to be that a small proportion of the statistical evaporation component exists in the forward angles while in the intermediate angle region, this component increases to some extent. However, its ratio is still small. It is found that the equilibrium evaporation component decreases gradually when the Z of the fragments becomes smaller.     

中能重离子碰撞动力学研究

利用改进的量子分子动力学模型(MQMD),通过研究能够标识中能重离子碰撞动力学过程的物理量:横动量、碰撞数、核物质密度及热化的时间演化过程,了解中能重离子碰撞系统的碰撞动力学和多重碎裂机制;同时对控制和影响这种碰撞动力学的各种动力学因素:状态方程、动量相关势和介质效应进行了分析和探讨.     

25MeV/u40Ar+115In反应中前中角区碎片发射研究

从25MeV/u⁴⁰Ar+¹¹⁵In反应前中角区出射碎片的能谱、角分布和Z电荷分布出发,讨论了碎片发射机制随出射角和核电荷数Z的渐进变化;用改进的量子分子动力学(MQMD)模型研究了碎片角分布及Z电荷分布,理论计算和实验值整体上符合较好,但在前角区MQMD模型低估了碎片的产额,在中角区对于Z接近弹核的碎片,理论计算比实验值偏高;碎片产物的角分布及Z电荷分布还与统计模型GEMINI进行了比较,发现在前角区平衡蒸发的成分所占比例很小,中角区所占的比例有所增加,但仍然 关键词：     

The dynamical ingredients governing the multifragmentation process and collision dynamics in heavy ion collisions

By simulating numerically the reaction dynamics of heavy ion collisions within the modified quantum molecular dynamics (MQMD), we have studied the influences of the nucleon-nucleon (n-n) collision cross section with and without medium effect, momentum dependent interactions (MDI), equation of state (EOS) and the aggregating method of fragments on the multifragmentation process of heavy ion collisions with different beam energies. It is found that multifragmentation patterns of the final fragment distributions, the collective flows of fragments and single particles, collision number and nuclear matter density depend strongly on then-n cross section and momentum dependent interactions and the nuclear equation of state, especially these dependences are associated with beam energies. But the fragment multiplicity distribution patterns depend very weakly on the equation of state.     

[Ca_(24)Al_(28)O_(64)]~(4+):4e~-电子化合物的制备及其电输运特性

金属氧化物电子化合物[Ca_(24)Al_(28)O_(64)]~(4+):4e~-(C12A7:e~-)因其天然的纳米尺度笼腔结构带来的新奇物理化学特性而在阴极电子源材料、超导和电化学反应等领域有着独特的应用价值.本文系统研究了以CaCO_3和Al_2O_3粉末为原料,采用固相反应-放电等离子烧结-活性金属Ti还原相结合的方法制备C12A7:e~-的工艺条件及其电输运特性.实验结果表明:在封装石英管真空度为10~(-5)Pa,还原温度为1100?C,还原时间为10—30 h条件下,成功制得载流子浓度为约10~(18)—10~(20)cm~(-3)的C12A7:e~-块体材料.第一性原理计算得到的C12A7:e~-能带结构和态密度表明,笼腔内的O~(2-)完全被e-取代后,C12A7:e~-费米能级明显穿过笼腔导带,说明位于笼腔内自由运动的电子使C12A7从绝缘体转变成导体,同时费米面附近的笼腔电子易于从笼腔导带跃迁至框架导带,在电场或热场的作用下电子更容易逸出,这也是C12A7:e~-逸出功低的主要原因.     

Heavy cluster knockout reaction (16)O((12)C,2(12)C)(4)He and the nature of the (12)C-(12)C interaction potential

The heavy cluster knockout reaction (16)O((12)C,2(12)C)(4)He performed for the first time, reveals the true nature of the (12)C-(12)C interaction. The observed cross section is enhanced by almost 2 orders of magnitude over the conventional zero range distorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) predictions. An attractive (12)C-(12)C optical potential, as obtained in the folding model, does not explain the enhanced cross section in the finite range (FR) DWIA framework. The inclusion of a hard core of fairly long range ～3.65 fm explains the data. The present investigation of (16)O((12)C,2(12)C)(4)He along with the (12)C-(12)C elastic scattering also proves beyond doubt that the folding model's deep attractive heavy ion potentials are unsuitable to describe the highly overlapping heavy ions. The application of FR-DWIA opens up new avenues to use the heavy core knockout for the detailed investigation of heavy as well as Borromean halo nuclei.