掺Yb光纤激光器阵列谱合成系统的光束传输模型及光束特性分析

建立了由掺Yb光纤激光器阵列、变换透镜、闪耀光栅和输出耦合镜组成的光束谱合成系统的光束传输模型.在考虑光栅角色散、光栅刻槽倾角误差和光栅衍射效率情况下,利用光线追迹法、衍射积分方法、光束非相干叠加原理和强度二阶矩方法,推导出高斯光束非平行倾斜入射到闪耀光栅的相位变化公式以及谱合成光束的光强分布解析表达式.分析了高斯光束非平行倾斜入射到光栅后,光栅角色散、光栅衍射效率和光栅刻槽倾角误差对掺Yb光纤激光器谱合成系统输出光束特性的影响.研究结果表明,谱合成光束具有与单根光纤激光器几乎相同的光束质量;光栅角色散对合成光束特性的影响可忽略;随着光栅刻槽倾角误差的增大,谱合成光束的光束质量明显变差;当光栅刻槽倾角误差较大时,必须考虑光栅衍射效率对合成光束特性的影响. 关键词： 掺Yb光纤激光器 非平行倾斜入射 光束谱合成 光束质量     

飞秒激光脉冲在正色散固体材料中的自压缩

实验研究了正色散固体介质中的激光脉冲自压缩现象,证明了无需任何外加色散补偿情况下，固体透明介质中的自聚焦传输过程可使高功率飞秒激光脉冲实现时域脉冲压缩，并详细研究了输出脉冲的时域和频域特性随入射脉冲强度的演化规律.实验结果表明脉冲自压缩量随入射脉冲强度的增加呈递增趋势，然而当入射光强增大到足以引起超连续谱及锥形辐射产生时，脉冲时域形状会发生分裂.此外还发现发散光束入射情况下同样可以观察到脉冲自压缩现象. 关键词： 超短激光脉冲 脉冲压缩 非线性传输     

一种激光平行分束器的设计

为满足波面剪切干涉和双细光束干涉曲反射表面非接触精密测量、台阶高度测量以及其他平行分光需要,利用双折射晶体特性,研究并设计了一种单一平板激光平行分束器。当一束激光入射到双折射晶体时,它的2个相互正交的的偏振分量将有不同的折射特性,因此特定晶轴方向和厚度的晶体平行平板可以实现入射光束的平行分束。描述了双折射晶体平行平板的分束原理,推导了分束距离与光轴方向、晶体厚度、入射角的关系,分析了分束距离随主要设计参数的变化规律。采用设计的晶体激光分束器进行了实验测试,验证了分析与实测结果的一致性。     

光线庞加莱球法构建的结构光场及其传输特性研究

结构光场在光信息传输、显微成像以及微粒俘获中有重要作用.本文基于光线庞加莱球法结合不同花瓣数的梅花曲线构建了一类结构光束.根据光线庞加莱球法可计算这类光束在束腰面上的光强与相位分布,以及光束内外焦散线的分布.这些焦散线的特征表明梅花形结构光束具有无衍射与自修复的特性.进一步采用角谱衍射法和光线追迹研究了这类光束在空间中的传输特性.当梅花花瓣数为0时,该光束退化为拉盖尔-高斯光束;当花瓣数为1时,内焦散线汇集到两点,使光束具有无衍射特性.通过光线庞加莱球法获得其光线在空间传播的轨迹,直观地展示了光束被遮挡后的自修复特性.此外,本文还展示了花瓣数为5的结构光束,其内焦散线为十角星结构,该光束同样具有自修复特性.通过修改梅花曲线参数或选择其他庞加莱球面曲线可以构造更加复杂的结构光场.     

球面折射系统对高斯光束的变换和传输模拟

为研究高斯光束在厚透镜中的传输特性,由几何光学处理傍轴光线的方法,理论上推导了高斯光束的物像束腰位置以及物像束腰半径间的关系,并由高斯光束传输光线就是单叶双曲面直母线的假设,光线追迹模拟了高斯光束在透镜系统的传输过程.模拟结果表明,当物高斯光束束腰位置与透镜系统物方焦点的距离远大于高斯光束的共焦参数时,用几何光学傍轴光线方法所得到的高斯光束束腰位置和半径的理论结果与光线追迹得到的高斯光束束腰位置和半径模拟结果一致,否则,光线追迹模拟结果不正确.     

有限宽平板波导中的克尔空间孤子及全光器件的设计

利用数值模拟的方法研究了倾斜入射的傍轴光束在有限宽非线性平板波导内的传输规律.研究发现，当不同波长相同束宽的光束各以临界功率倾斜入射波导时，如果倾斜角、入射点都一样，它们将沿大致相同的周期性的Z字形路径传输；如果光束功率进一步增大，相邻反射点之间的间距随传输距离有逐渐变大的趋势，Z字形路径不再有严格的周期性；当功率相当大时，光束将沿波导z方向传输，不再在波导的两个边界之间来回反射.利用倾斜入射光束在波导内的传输路径随功率而变的特点，设计了一个功率开关和一个光时分解复用器.     

角度调谐滤光片准直系统发散角抑制技术研究

入射光束的发散角会影响角度调谐窄带滤光片的透射特性,出现透射通带变小及发散损耗增大的情况,且该现象随着入射角度的增大而更加明显.分析了出现这些现象的原因,并根据拉赫不变量定理设计了扩束棱镜组来压缩入射光束的发散角.并利用二次滤波技术进一步提高了透射光谱的矩形度和稳定性.根据该方法设计了针对100 GHz密集波分复用系统...     

基于光束参量优化实现直接驱动靶丸均匀辐照

在直接驱动惯性约束聚变中,实现靶丸均匀辐照对靶丸压缩特性至关重要,通常要求靶丸表面辐照不均匀度小于1%.现有很多优化高功率激光装置均匀辐照性能的光束排布方案,但受到实际入射光束参量的限制,系统均匀辐照性能难以实现最优化.由于初始辐照不均匀度对靶丸对称压缩特性至关重要,为进一步提高靶丸初始辐照的均匀性,并增加系统对打靶过程中由于靶丸直径变化引起的辐照不均匀的宽容度,从而实现靶丸的中心对称压缩,本文对靶丸表面光束的辐照不均匀度进行了数学分析,并研究了不同入射光束参量下的单光束因子项及其对靶丸均匀辐照的影响.结果表明:对于已知的光束排布结构,存在最优的入射光束参量,使辐照均匀度最高.证明了通过优化入射光束参量提高系统均匀辐照性能的可行性.此外,研究表明单光束因子项与几何因子项存在一定的匹配关系,可通过分析几何因子项的特征,求取与之匹配的单光束因子项,进而获得最优的入射光束参量.本工作为直接驱动靶丸均匀辐照系统的设计和优化提供了一种有效的方法.     

双曲余弦高斯光束在强非局域介质中的传输

从描述强非局域介质中光束传输的非线性薛定谔方程出发,研究了(2+1)维双曲余弦高斯光束在强非局域介质中的传输性质及其相互作用,给出了双曲余弦高斯光束在强非局域非线性介质中传输的解析表达式和二阶矩束宽的解析表达式,同时对两束双曲余弦高斯光束之间的相互作用进行了解析和数值分析。结果表明单光束入射强非局域介质时,存在一个临界功率,当入射功率等于临界功率时,光束在传输过程中的二阶矩束宽可以保持不变;当入射功率不等于临界功率时,光束的二阶矩束宽呈周期性变化。两束双曲余弦高斯光束共同传输时会相互吸引,并且横向强度分布变的较为复杂,给出了两束光传输时相互作用后的强度分布和轴上光强演化等结果。     

光诱导晶格中偶极孤子的研究

在光折变晶体中可通过光诱导来产生光子晶格,对偶极孤子在光子晶格中的传输特性进行研究,通过数值仿真发现,偶极光束入射到对角晶格点时,改变光折变晶体上的外加电场强度、入射振幅以及光诱导晶格深度,偶极光束的传输会出现不同的传输结果。研究结果表明,由于光诱导晶格的存在,入射偶极光束可以克服两峰间的相互作用;当外加电场强度、入射振幅和晶格深度三个条件匹配时,异相偶极孤子存在且能稳定传输,而同相偶极孤子总是不稳定的,当光束强度较低时,其不稳定性较弱。     

Total internal reflection–refraction beam expander

Beam expanders being used presently have complex structure and none is perfect. A novel beam expander is proposed first. The beam expander can magnify (or decrease) the diameter of incident laser beam according to the theory of total internal reflection–refraction (TIR-R) principle. The characteristic of the beam expander was studied by using ray-tracing method and computer simulation. The beam expander can propagate a parallel laser beam along the propagation axis and would not change the propagation direction of the beam. For a nonparallel beam the Lagrange invariant (the product of diameter and divergence angle) is not constant. This beam expander would be an effective device in some applications.     

光束质量测量的最小束斑法

基于最小束斑条件,提出一种光束质量的测试方法。用这种测试方法,在沿光轴的二个位置进行束宽测量,就可较正确给出束腰位置、束腰宽度、远场发散角和M~2因子。     

Beam alignment with the axis of a rotation stage for laser fabrication of microcircular structures

An optical technique to align laser beam with the axis of a rotating stage is proposed for laser fabrication of circular microstructures. The laser beam is first aligned parallel to the rotation axis and subsequently adjusted to coincide with the axis. An optical arrangement consisting of two quadrant photodiodes for the x- and y-directions and a specially designed beam splitter is utilized for the alignment. Mathematical modeling of the alignment system is carried out to estimate alignment errors caused by misalignment of mirror surfaces in the beam path. It is shown that parallelness of the laser beam to the rotation axis is a key factor to reduce alignment errors. The proposed method was applied to a microstereolithography system and proved that the laser beam can be aligned within a distance of about 25 μm from the rotation axis.     

基于平行玻璃板的半导体激光器阵列光束整形

为得到质量均衡的大功率激光束,分别以条形和面阵半导体激光器为模型,基于平行玻璃板对光束的偏移作用,对准直后激光束进行分割和重排,并在Zemax软件中进行了仿真。条形半导体激光器初始发散角为40和10,整形前已准直光束快慢轴方向的光参数积分别为0.455 2 mmmrad和20.484 mmmrad,光束质量相差较大,整形后快慢轴方向光参数积分别为2.731 2 mmmrad和3.414 0 mmmrad,实现了快慢轴方向光束质量均衡。利用平行玻璃板消除面阵半导体激光器中存在的发光死区,整形后快慢轴方向光参数积分别为7.002 mmmrad和10.242 mmmrad ,整形系统耦合效率为90.13%。     

柱透镜和弯月透镜实现半导体激光器光束整形

针对半导体激光器的发光特点,设计了半导体激光器的光束整形系统。首先采用柱透镜准直和偏转沿Y轴发散的光束;然后再采用望远系统对X轴发散的光束进行准直和扩束;最后采用弯月透镜对发射光束压缩,实现半导体激光器的光束整形,降低光束发散角,提高光束质量。利用ZEMAX软件模拟系统,结果表明,整形后输出光束沿X轴和Y轴的发散角变为4.922mrad,输出光斑直径为1.2707mm,整形系统总长度为65.6618mm,各元件的最大直径为20.52mm,输出光束质量和系统结构都优于同类产品。     

Optical guiding of elliptical laser beam in nonuniform plasma

Guiding of laser beam in plasma channel formed by short ionizing laser pulse is studied in this paper. When a delayed pulse propagates through this channel diffraction, refraction and self-phase modulation phenomena results which are not balanced resulting in increase/decrease in beam width. These are studied using direct Variational Technique. In this paper cross-focussing phenomena is not observed. Parameters like beam width and longitudinal-phase delay of elliptical laser beam are also studied. It has been observed that the propagation of semi-major axis and semi-minor axis of elliptical beam are independent leading to oscillating guided beam.     

激光束在大气中长距离传输聚焦特性的研究

研究了大气湍流与热晕对于几种不同波长激光束的的长距离传输聚焦特性的影响。光束质量与光束漂值的理论与实验值基本一致。     

Gain induced stability of active plane-parallel resonators

It has been observed for a plane-parallel resonator with a saturated medium that under certain conditions confined beams mainly concentrated near the axis are present. The experiments have been done with a sealed-off plane-parallel CO₂ laser of one meter length and with an internal diameter of 20 mm. Without gain variations such a system is unstable because of thermal defocussing by the heated gas. But due to sufficiently high gain variations the beam converges nevertheless. Since the gain variation increases with decreasing reflectivity confined beams near the optical axis are only observed at sufficiently low reflectivity. The experiments were done with a totally reflecting mirror and an outcoupling mirror having a reflectivity of, respectively, 90%, 80%, 50%, and 36%. For the high reflectivities the outcoupled beam is mainly concentrated near the edge with irregular density distributions. For the low reflectivity the beam is more or less radially symmetric, concentrated near the axis having decreasing intensity with the distance from the axis. The behaviour can be understood by an analysis in which the constant and quadratic term of the complex propagation constant near the optical axis due to gain variations, dispersion and heat effects are taken into account.     

Nonlinear Interaction of Elliptical Laser Beam with Collisional Plasma:Effect of Linear Absorption

In the present work,nonlinear interaction of elliptical laser beam with collisional plasma is studied by using paraxial ray approximation.Nonlinear differential equations for the beam width parameters of semi-major axis and semi-minor axis of elliptical laser beam have been set up and solved numerically to study the variation of beam width parameters with normalized distance of propagation.Effects of variation in absorption coefficient and plasma density on the beam width parameters are also analyzed.It is observed from the analysis that extent of self-focusing of beam increases with increase/decrease in plasma density/absorption coefficient.     

Effect of beam diameter on the propagation of intense femtosecond laser pulses

This paper describes the effects observed during the propagation of intense femtosecond laser pulses in air following the modification of the laser beam diameter with a pair of convex–concave lenses placed/mounted in a telescopic configuration. We observed that by reducing the diameter of the beam the detected back-scattered nitrogen fluorescence from the filaments becomes more stable on a shot-to-shot basis while, for a larger beam size, greater fluctuations are observed that are not correlated to shot-to-shot fluctuations in the laser pulse energy. This result leads to a new method to control the fluorescence signal which can be very important in remote-sensing applications. PACS 42.65.Jx; 42.68.Ay; 42.68.Wt