酵母β-葡聚糖对C离子辐射损伤小鼠免疫系统的防护作用

用12C6+离子束对小鼠进行一次性全身辐照, 检测不同剂量的酵母β-葡聚糖对12C6+辐射损伤小鼠免疫系统的防护作用。 辐照后观察小鼠的体重、 毛色及行为变化, 照后第2天和第7天检测小鼠外周血中白细胞含量, 照后第8天检测小鼠胸腺和脾脏内SOD, GSH PX活性和MDA含量。 实验结果表明, 给予酵母β 葡聚糖能减缓辐照引起的小鼠体重急剧下降, 增加小鼠外周血中白细胞含量,不同程度地恢复胸腺和脾脏SOD和GSH PX活性, 降低胸腺和脾脏MDA含量。 表明酵母β-葡聚糖对12C6+引起的小鼠辐射损伤具有防护作用。 To detect Yeast β-glucan’s protective effect on mice’s immune system after C ion beam radiation, mice were used as the test model. We observed the weight, hair color and behavior of mice everyday within a 7 d period of time after irradiation. Meanwhile, the content of white blood cell, on the 2nd and 7th day after irradiation was detected. We detected the thymus and spleen SOD, GSH PX activity and MDA content of the mice on the 8th day. The results showed that yeast β glucan could reduce the rapid weight loss of mice, increase white blood cell content, increase thymus and spleen SOD, GSH PX activity, decrease MDA content of thymus and spleen. These results indicate that yeast β glucan can protect mice’s immune system against C ion beam radiation damage.     

二烯丙基二硫对12C6+离子束辐照损伤小鼠的保护作用研究

研究大蒜素重要活性成分二烯丙基二硫( Diallyl disulfide, 简称DADS) 对12C6+离子束辐照损伤小鼠的保护作用。利用4 Gy 剂量12C6+离子束对不同浓度DADS 预处理的雄性昆明小鼠进行单次全身照射。随后检测骨髓细胞微核率和肝组织中丙二醛(MDA) 含量、蛋白质总羰基含量、总抗氧化能力( TAOC)及谷丙转氨酶(ALT ) 活性。结果显示,与单纯照射组相比,低浓度DADS 预处理组骨髓细胞微核率和肝组织ALT 活性均显著降低(p<0.001),而肝组织T-AOC明显增强( p < 0.05 );中浓度DADS 预处理组肝组织中MDA 含量和蛋白质总羰基含量均显著减少( p < 0.05 )。结果提示,DADS通过抑制氧化应激,有效地保护了脂质、蛋白质和遗传物质免受12C6+离子束辐照引起的损伤。The radioprotective effect of Diallyl disulfide (DADS) on 12C6+ ion irradiation was studied. Pretreated with DADS of different concentration, male Kung-Ming mice were exposed to whole body irradiation with dosage of 4 Gy 12C6+ ion. The animals were sacrificed after irradiation. Then the bone marrow cells micronucleus rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, content of protein carbonylation, total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) activity were measured. As compared with those in irradiated group, the ratio of micronucleus cells in marrow and the hepatic ALT activity in the pretreatment group with low dose DADS decreased significantly ( p < 0.001 ). Similarly,the content of protein carbonylation and the levels of MDA droped dramatically in the group with middle dose DADS treatment ( p < 0.05 ). On the contrary, the hepatic T-AOC increased markedly in the group of pretreatment with low dose DADS ( p < 0.05 ). The results showed that DADS protect lipoid, protein and genetic material from 12C6+ ion irradiation by right of resisting oxidative stress.     

羧甲基-β-1,3-葡聚糖对人肝癌HepG2细胞的放射增敏作用

本研究旨在探讨羧甲基-β-1,3葡聚糖（CMG）对人肝癌HepG2细胞X射线或12C6+离子束辐射敏感性的影响。首先用CCK-8法检测CMG对HepG2细胞的生长抑制情况,得到半数抑制浓度（IC50）为120.6μg/mL。用浓度为0.1×IC50的CMG预处理HepG2细胞24 h,再给予2 Gy X射线或12C6+离子束辐照（CMG+辐照组）;CMG未处理组直接接受2 Gy X射线或12C6+离子束辐照（辐照组）。对比分析辐照组和CMG+辐照组细胞的克隆存活、DNA损伤、凋亡与周期分布、细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平。发现:与X射线辐照组相比,相同剂量的12C6+离子辐照组克隆存活率更小,DNA损伤和周期阻滞更加严重,细胞凋亡率和细胞内ROS水平也更高。与单独X射线或12C6+离子束辐照组相比,CMG+辐照组克隆存活率明显降低,细胞凋亡率随辐照后CMG作用时间的延长而明显增加,CMG使辐照后细胞内ROS维持在一个较高的水平,同时CMG明显加重了单独辐照诱导的DNA损伤和周期阻滞。结果表明,与X射线相比,HepG2细胞对相同剂量的12C6+离子辐射更敏感;CMG可增加HepG2细胞对X射线或12C6+离子辐射的敏感性;CMG可能通过增加受照HepG2细胞内的ROS水平,加剧辐照诱导的DNA损伤,促进辐射诱导细胞凋亡而起到辐射增敏作用。This study aims to investigate the effect of carboxymethy-β-1, 3-glucan (CMG) on the sensitivity of human hepatoma HepG2 cells to X-rays or 12C6+ ions irradiation. First, the inhibitory effect of CMG on the growth of HepG2 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 120.6 μg/mL. HepG2 cells were pretreated with CMG at a concentration of 0.1×IC50 for 24 h and then irradiated with 2 Gy X-ray or 12C6+ ion beams (CMG + irradiation group). CMG untreated group was directly irradiated by 2 Gy X-rays or 12C6+ ions beam (irradiation group). The clone survival, DNA damage, cell apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in irradiation group and CMG + irradiation group were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the clone survival rate was lower, DNA damage and cycle arrest were more serious, and the rate of apoptosis and intracellular ROS levels were higher in 12C6+ ions irradiation group than those in the same dose of X-rays irradiation group. Compared with X-rays or 12C6+ ions irradiation group, the clone survival rate of CMG + irradiation group was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate significantly increased with the prolongation of CMG treatment post-irradiation; CMG maintained intracellular ROS at a higher level after irradiation, CMG also significantly aggravated radiation-induced DNA damage and cycle arrest. These results indicated that HepG2 cells were more sensitive to 12C6+ ions radiation than those at the same dose of X-rays. CMG increased the sensitivity of HepG2 cells to X-rays or 12C6+ ions irradiation by increasing intracellular ROS level, exacerbating radiation-induced DNA damage and promoting radiation-induced apoptosis in irradiated HepG2 cells.     

内质网应激对碳离子辐照宫颈癌HeLa 细胞的影响

利用不同剂量的碳离子辐照二硫苏糖醇(2.5 mmol/L) 预处理的HeLa 细胞,探讨了内质网应激反应对碳离子辐照宫颈癌HeLa 细胞的影响。实验发现:与单独辐照组相比,二硫苏糖醇联合碳离子辐照后细胞的存活率下降,而凋亡率增加;二硫苏糖醇联合碳离子辐照加重了碳离子辐照引起的细胞周期阻滞;且联合辐照组的自噬被明显激活。结果表明,持续的内质网应激可改变宫颈癌HeLa 细胞对碳离子辐照反应,且二硫苏糖醇可能通过影响HeLa 细胞的自噬性细胞死亡通路发挥作用。To investigate the effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on HeLa cells to 12C6+ ion irradiation,HeLa cells were pretreated with 2.5 mmol/L dithiothreitol and irradiated by 12C6+ ions with different doses.The results showed that, compared with IR alone, dithiothreitol combined with carbon ion irradiation caused HeLa cell survival decreased, and the apoptosis increased. Moreover, dithiothreitol and carbon ion radiation combination treatment led to a significant increase of G2/M phase, and autophagy was activated obviously in combination treatment group. The results imply that continuous endoplasmic reticulum stress can change the response of HeLa cells to 12C6+ irradiation, and dithiothreitol may affect HeLa cells through the autophagy cell death pathway.     

大功率电子加速器的辐射灭菌效果研究

在中国科学院近代物理研究所自行研制的大功率电子加速器上, 研究了不同辐照剂量的电子束对大肠杆菌、 金黄色葡萄球菌和变形杆菌3种微生物的杀灭效果, 同时检测了辐照后菌体超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。 结果显示: 辐照剂量达到2.0 kGy时, 可完全杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌, 2.2 kGy时可完全杀灭大肠杆菌和变形杆菌; 辐照对3种微生物的SOD活性有较显著的影响。 To study the effects of radiation sterilization of the electron beam, the three species of microorganisms, Escherichia. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris were irradiated with the electron beam, delivered by the electron accelerator independently developed by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of these irradiated microorganisms were also tested. The results indicated that the Staphylococcus aureus were fully radio sterilized with the radiation dosage of 2.0 kGy, but 2.2 kGy to the Escherichia.coli and Proteus vulgaris. Moreover, the data also demonstrated that the irradiation had noticeable effects on the SOD activity of the three microorganisms.     

基于PPARα激动剂的融合药效团模型的构建及评价

Pharmacophore is a commonly used method for molecular simulation, including ligand-based pharmacophore (LBP) and structure-based pharmacophore (SBP). LBP can be utilized to identify active compounds usual with lower accuracy, and SBP is able to use for distinguishing active compounds from inactive compounds with frequently higher missing rates. Merged pharmacophore (MP) is presented to integrate advantages and avoid shortcomings of LBP and SBP. In this work, LBP and SBP models were constructed for the study of peroxisome proliferator receptor-alpha (PPARα) agonists. According to the comparison of the two types of pharmacophore models, mainly and secondarily pharmacological features were identified. The weight and tolerance values of these pharmacological features were adjusted to construct MP models by single-factor explorations and orthogonal experimental design based on SBP model. Then, the reliability and screening efficiency of the best MP model were validated by three databases. The best MP model was utilized to compute PPARα activity of compounds from traditional Chinese medicine. The screening efficiency of MP model outperformed individual LBP or SBP model for PPARα agonists, and was similar to combinatorial screening of LBP and SBP. However, MP model might have an advantage over the combination of LBP and SBP in evaluating the activity of compounds and avoiding the inconsistent prediction of LBP and SBP, which would be beneficial to guide drug design and optimization.     

Biocompatible and stable core/shell drug nanocarrier with high surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity

<正>A novel drug carrier based on SiO_2-coated silver nanoparticle aggregates and antitumor drug is successfully synthesized.The surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) spectra of the antitumor drug in living cells are obtained.By using silver nano-aggregates as SERS substrates instead of dispersed silver particles, a great improvement of SERS signal intensity is achieved.It is found that the chemical stability of the drug carrier can also be increased with the existence of SiO_2 shell.The adsorbing effect between antitumor drug 9-aminoacridine(9AA) and silver particles is investigated to optimize the SERS signal. The core/shell structure of the drug carrier is characterized by ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) pictures.The experimental results show that the drug carrier offers biocompatibility,stability,and high SERS activity,holding the potential for realizing the intracellular drug tracing.     

EFFECTS OF INHALED HYPERBARIC OXYGEN AT DIFFERENT TIME ON SOUND-INDUCED AUDITORY DAMAGE IN GUINEA PIGS

Four groups of guinea pigs were exposed to bud sound(3h,1kHz.125 dB SPL).One group inhaled airas control(C-group),and the other groups ingaled2 ATA hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)for30 minuteseach time.These three groups were called,respectively,prevention group(P-group)inhaling HBO oncebefore exposure,treatment group(T-group)inhaling HBO daily for14 days after exposure,andprevention-treatment group(PT-group)inhaling HBO once before exposure and once a day for14 days af-ter exposure.After exposure.the threshold of the cortical auditory potential evoked by click rose in all ani-mals.Hearing loss of C-group was the severest,up to 70dB,while those of P-group and PT-group where53dB and 51dB,respectively(p<0.01,compared with that of C-group).Hearing loss of T-group was68.5dB.Smilar phenomena were found in the measurement by tone-burst.The above aspects lasted21 days until these animals were killed.The average trauma length of the organ of Corti was 527μm inC-group,142μm and 106μm in P-group and PT-group(p<0.05),an     

ANALYTIC SUBJECT INDEX OF ACOUSTICAL PAPERS IN CHINA

0.General;1.Physical Acoustics;2.Underwater Sound;3.Mechanical Vibration and Shock;4.Noise and Four groups of guinea pigs were exposed to bud sound(3h,1kHz.125 dB SPL).One group inhaled airas control(C-group),and the other groups ingaled2 ATA hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)for30 minuteseach time.These three groups were called,respectively,prevention group(P-group)inhaling HBO oncebefore exposure,treatment group(T-group)inhaling HBO daily for14 days after exposure,andprevention-treatment group(PT-group)inhaling HBO once before exposure and once a day for14 days af-ter exposure.After exposure.the threshold of the cortical auditory potential evoked by click rose in all ani-mals.Hearing loss of C-group was the severest,up to70dB,while those of P-group and PT-group where53dB and51dB,respectively(p<0.01,compared with that of C-group).Hearing loss of T-group was68.5dB.Smilar phenomena were found in the measurement by tone-burst.The above aspects lasted21 days until these animals were killed.The average trauma length of     

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods for determination of amantadine hydrochloride

Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (A–C) for determination of amantadine hydro-chloride have been developed and validated. The first method (A) is based on the oxidation of the drug by ammonium molybdate. The second method (B) was based on the charge-transfer complexation reaction between the amantadine base as an electron donor and iodine as a σ-acceptor. The third method (C) is based on the reaction of N-alkylvinylamine formed from the interaction of the free amino group in amantadine molecule and acetalde-hyde with chloranil to give colored vinylamino-substituted benzoquinone. The colored products of these reactions were measured at their corresponding maximum absorption peaks. Different variables affecting the reactions were carefully studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients 0.9993–0.9998 were found between the reading and the corresponding concentration of the drug in the range 2–90 μg·ml⁻¹. The limits of detection ranged from 0.16 to 1.91 μg·ml⁻¹. The precision of the methods was satisfactory: the values of relative standard deviation did not exceed 1.63%. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of amantadine HCl in its capsules with good accuracy and precision; the label claim percentages ranged from 99.8 to 100.5 ± (0.52–1.22) %. The results obtained by the proposed spectrophotometric methods were comparable with those obtained by the official method. Published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 6, pp. 707–712.     

稀土镧对雄性小鼠睾丸cAMP和自由基的影响

采用酶联免疫吸附法和分光光度法,通过腹腔注射不同剂量稀土镧,研究小鼠睾丸环磷腺苷(cAMP)和自由基水平的变化。在稀土镧作用下,与对照组相比,处理组小鼠睾丸cAMP含量显著降低(P<0.05);MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05);GSH-PX活力无显著变化(P<0.05)。400mg·kg-1·d-1剂量组睾丸SOD活力显著降低(P<0.05)。腹腔注射稀土镧导致小鼠睾丸cAMP含量和SOD活力降低,可能是导致小鼠精子质量下降的重要原因。     

全氟辛酸致小鼠肝脏氧化损伤的实验

研究了低（1mg/kg/d）、中（5mg/kg/d）、高（25mg/kg/d）三个剂量组全氟辛酸（Perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA）致小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化损伤的作用.结果发现,PFOA能抑制小鼠体重的增长,对肝组织造成一定的脂质过氧化损伤.各组小鼠出现不同程度的体重增长缓慢甚至减轻,中、高剂量组出现明显的减轻（P＜0.01）;低、中、高剂量组肝脏系数,均明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）;与对照组相比,各剂量组的肝组织中MDA、NO及LDH含量明显增高,SOD、SDH及GSH-Px活性均明显降低（P＜0.05）.     

姜黄素对重离子辐射损伤小鼠睾丸组织的防护作用研究

探讨姜黄素(Curcumin,简称Cur)对重离子辐射损伤小鼠睾丸组织的防护作用。小鼠灌胃不同剂量的Cur后给予4 Gy剂量~(12)C~(6+)离子束全身单次照射。24 h后对小鼠睾丸组织形态学变化进行观察,并测定丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果显示:中、高浓度Cur预处理组对小鼠睾丸组织的形态具有较好的保护作用;低、中浓度Cur预处理组MDA含量显著降低(P0.05);与单纯照射组相比,低浓度Cur预处理组SOD活性水平和中浓度Cur预处理组CA了活性水平显著提高(P0.05)。结果表明:Cur对重离子全身辐射小鼠的抗氧化系统有一定的激活效应,对辐射损伤有一定的防护作用,其机制可能与Cur清除自由基,保护脂质和蛋白质有关。     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射拟南芥抗氧化系统的损伤修复

以培养6周左右的拟南芥为材料,采用UV-B辐射（剂量1 KJ/m2/d）和He-Ne激光器（波长632.8 nm,输出功率5 mW·mm2,辐照时间60 s）对材料进行处理,分成CK（没有经过UV-B或激光辐照）组、B(UV-B辐射)组、BL（UV-B和激光复合处理）组和L（激光辐照）组4个不同处理组.结果表明:增强的UV-B辐射拟南芥幼苗导致MDA(Malondialdehyde)、超氧阴离子含量升高,GSH(Glutathione)含量降低,PAL(phenylalanine ammomia-lyase)、CAT(catalase)和APX(ascorbate peroxidase)活性升高,SOD(supemxide dismutas)活性降低.单独He-Ne激光处理使MDA、超氧阴离子含量降低,GSH的含量升高,SOD、APX、CAT的活性升高,PAL的活性降低.UV-B辐射后再用He-Ne激光进行后处理,发现与单独UV-B辐照处理相比,MDA、超氧阴离子含量降低,GSH含量升高,SOD、APX、CAT的活性升高了,PAL的活性降低了.因此激光在一定程度上提高了拟南芥叶片抗氧化能力,在此基础上讨论了其可能的形成机理.     

CO2激光预处理对UV-B辐射引起的小麦幼苗脂质过氧化伤害的防护作用

用20 mW·mm－2CO2激光对小麦萌发的种子分别照射1 min、3 min、5 min、7 min，待其长至幼苗期，在光背景（PAR）90 μmol·m－2·s－1条件下，用3.10 kJ·m－2 UV-B照射7 h·d－1,然后对其丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）以及抗坏血酸（AsA）等含量进行测定.结果发现，CO2激光预处理可提高小麦GSH和AsA含量以及SOD、CAT、POD酶活性，降低MDA含量，从而抑制了由UV-B辐射引起小麦的脂质过氧化作用，以处理5 min为最适时间.     

可见分光光度法测定碱胁迫中合欢幼苗的生理指标

为检测合欢幼苗的抗碱胁迫能力,文章试验利用可见分光光度法测定了碱胁迫下合欢幼苗体内的丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及POD、SOD活性,分析这些生理指标在不同处理浓度、不同处理时间下的变化规律,探求碱胁迫下合欢幼苗的抗逆生理机制。随着Na₂CO₃处理浓度的增加,幼苗叶片中MDA和可溶性糖含量,均呈递增趋势,当处理浓度低于75 mmol·L-1,两者含量变化较平缓,而浓度高于75 mmol·L-1时,则含量急剧增加,各处理间差异显著;脯氨酸含量也呈递增趋势,当处理浓度低于100 mmol·L-1,变化较平缓,浓度高于100 mmol·L-1时,含量则急剧增加,各处理间差异显著;SOD和POD活性变化趋势一致,都呈单峰曲线变化,但两者活性最大值所对应的处理浓度不同,分别为50和75 mmol·L-1。此外,随着胁迫时间的延长,同一浓度处理的丙二醛含量逐步增加,而脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量、SOD、POD活性变化较复杂,无明显规律性。     

Anti-PrP<Superscript>C</Superscript> monoclonal antibody infusion as a novel treatment for cognitive deficits in an alzheimer's disease model mouse

Background  

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common of the conformational neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the conversion of a normal biological protein into a β-sheet-rich pathological isoform. In AD the normal soluble Aβ (sAβ) forms oligomers and fibrils which assemble into neuritic plaques. The most toxic form of Aβ is thought to be oligomeric. A recent study reveals the cellular prion protein, PrP^C, to be a receptor for Aβ oligomers. Aβ oligomers suppress LTP signal in murine hippocampal slices but activity remains when pretreated with the PrP monoclonal anti-PrP antibody, 6D11. We hypothesized that targeting of PrP^C to prevent Aβ oligomer-related cognitive deficits is a potentially novel therapeutic approach. APP/PS1 transgenic mice aged 8 months were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 1 mg 6D11 for 5 days/week for 2 weeks. Two wild-type control groups were given either the same 6D11 injections or vehicle solution. Additional groups of APP/PS1 transgenic mice were given either i.p. injections of vehicle solution or the same dose of mouse IgG over the same period. The mice were then subjected to cognitive behavioral testing using a radial arm maze, over a period of 10 days. At the conclusion of behavioral testing, animals were sacrificed and brain tissue was analyzed biochemically or immunohistochemically for the levels of amyloid plaques, PrP^C, synaptophysin, Aβ40/42 and Aβ oligomers.     

Effect of spaceflight duration of subcellular morphologies and defense enzyme activities in earth-grown tomato seedlings propagated from space-flown seeds

Subcellular changes and enzymes activities were compared between Earth-grown plants from the original tomato seeds, 6-year long-term flown in the Mir Station and 27-day short-term flown in the satellite. In some first generation Mir-flown plants, the lamellae’s structure of some chloroplasts became curved and loose, and some mitochondrial outer membranes were broken. In some satellite-flown plants, the number of mitochondria increased, the lamellae’s structure of some chloroplasts became curved and loose, and some mitochondrial cristae disappeared. The number of starch grains per chloroplast in first generation, second generation, third generation Mir-flown plants and satellite-flown plants increased significantly compared with the ground control, but the difference between the number of starch grains per chloroplast in Mir-flown plants (include three generations) and satellite-flown plants was not significant. The number of chloroplasts per leaf cell in Mir-flown plants and satellite-flown plants increased significantly compared with the ground control. The activities of three defense enzymes supperoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase dismutase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in the satellite-flown plants increased significantly as compared with those of the ground controls and the Mir-flown plants, but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly. Coefficients of variation of the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and the content of MDA in the satellite-flown plants were lest, and those in the Mir-flown plants were maximum. Coefficient of variation of the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in the first, second and third generation Mir-flown plants were more than that in the ground control. The activities of defense enzyme in some Mir-flown plants increased significantly.     

盐碱胁迫下杨树叶片MDA含量与各抗氧化酶的相关性

在前人的基础上,从利用偏相关分析和多元线性回归分析的方法深入分析了盐碱胁迫环境下杨树叶丙二醛(MDA)含量与超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性之间,以及各抗氧化酶之间的内在相关性.研究结果表明,在盐碱...