基于指条厚度优化的冷凝式SAW气体传感器灵敏度提升方法

该文通过对声表面波谐振器指条厚度的优化提升了冷凝式气体传感器的灵敏度。基于流固耦合理论,利用有限元商业软件建立了有液膜负载和无液膜负载下的多物理场三维周期模型,并提取了相应的耦合模参量,利用耦合模模型及P矩阵级联技术,计算了不同指条厚度下液膜负载引起的传感器响应,获得了冷凝式声表面波气体传感器灵敏度随指条厚度的变化关系。实验中制备了6种不同电极厚度的声表面波谐振器,并利用甲基膦酸二甲酯实验样品完成了传感器的响应测试,验证了理论分析的正确性。结果表明,冷凝式声表面波气体传感器的灵敏度随指条厚度的增加先变大后减小,最优归一化电极厚度为6.4%～7.6%之间。该研究结果对进一步提升传感器灵敏度具有重要意义。     

基于F-P腔干涉的膜片式光纤微机电系统压力传感器

基于法布里-帕罗腔的干涉原理,采用微机电系统技术加工制作了一种光纤微机电系统压力传感器.采用浓硼扩散自停止腐蚀和磁控溅射的方法,制备厚度为6 μm、机械灵敏度为0.502 μm/MPa的传感器敏感膜.基于强度解调技术,利用干涉腔的反射功率与压力的关系对压力进行解调.分析了腔长变化对反射率的影响,确定传感器线性工作点的波长,建立稳定的压力传感测试系统.测试结果表明,该传感器压强最小分辨率为62 Pa,灵敏度达到0.51 nW/KPa,具有良好的线性度、灵敏度和重复性,适用于人体内压力测量和口腔义齿压力测量.     

Love波传感器结构的有限元分析方法

提出一种ANSYS分析Love波传感器性能的有限元方法。根据Love波传感器的特点,施加一维近似假设和周期性边界条件建立了由压电基片,金属电极和波导层组成Love波传感器的三维有限元分析模型,并在此模型分析结果基础上提取结构的特征频率。一方面运用开路和短路条件下的特征频率来计算机电耦合系数,另一方面结合微扰理论的计算得到器件的质量灵敏度。最后通过这两个参数来选取波导层厚度,使器件达到最优的性能。在不同的波导层厚度情况下,计算了SiO₂/ST-90°X石英和SiO₂/36°Y-X LiTaO₃两种结构Love波传感器结构的仿真结果,得到了这两种结构的波导层最优的厚度分别为0.11λ和0.2λ。与已报道的文献和实验的结果对比,本文所采用的方法明显优于传统的均匀层状结构理论分析的结果,通过仿真不同结构和材料参数的器件性能,有效地指导Love波传感器的设计。      

非本征F-P局部放电光纤传感器设计及灵敏度分析

为解决超声波法检测电力设备局部放电灵敏度低问题,提出一种采用石英膜片的全电介质结构的光纤法 珀超声传感器设计方法。为获得适于局放检测频响特性的法 珀传感器,根据弹性力学原理分析法 珀传感器固有频率随膜片尺寸参数变化规律,利用ANSYS有限元仿真方法设计3种不同结构尺寸的法 珀传感器。在绝缘油箱中采用信号发生器驱动压电陶瓷传感器发射50 kHz~250 kHz超声波,获得F P传感器的幅频特性曲线。F P1~F P3对板 板电极局放声信号检测实验表明,设计传感器一阶固有频率在150 kHz处可有效检测局放,且相同固有频率下F P传感器灵敏度随膜片厚度减小而显著提高。相同结构参数下腔长为130 m和100 m的F P传感器检测灵敏度前者是后者的2.47倍,实验结果表明增加F P腔长可提高传感器局放检测灵敏度。     

硅酸镓镧声表面波传感器的压力温度多参数解耦分析

针对硅酸镓镧声表面波压力传感器,提出了一种温度和压力的多参数解耦方法。理论上采用有限元方法与微扰理论结合,计算传感器在不同温度、压力下频率响应。根据计算结果,构造出传感器温度与压力的解耦公式。以一种基于LGS(0°,0°,100°)点压力式SAW传感器为例,理论计算得到其温度与压力解耦公式的具体参数,同时与在-55℃-125℃,0-1 MPa范围内的实验测试结果对比。理论分析和实验测试结果基本吻合,验证了温度压力多参量解耦方法的正确性。      

侧边抛磨单模光纤表面等离子体传感器的设计和优化

光纤表面等离子体共振传感器具有体积小、抗电磁干扰,可以实现在线实时远距离检测的优点。为提高传感器的性能,建立了侧边抛磨光纤表面等离子体共振传感的物理模型,分别研究了侧边抛磨光纤的剩余厚度、银膜层的厚度对传感器的灵敏度、共振峰的深度和半高全宽等的影响。结果表明：光纤剩余厚度越小,表面等离子体共振现象越强;随银膜层的厚度增大,共振峰的宽度变宽,而传感器的灵敏度呈现非单调变化。通过综合表面等离子体共振传感器的折射率传感灵敏度和共振峰半高全宽,提出了质量因数作为传感器的优化指标,并最终得到最优化的设计方案为光纤剩余厚度为66.5 μm,银膜的厚度为50 nm,此时质量因数达到98.67。     

薄板挠曲型光纤Bragg光栅土压力传感器设计与分析

根据土压力传感器与土介质的匹配原则,设计了一种圆平膜片薄板挠曲型FBG土压力传感器。通过在圆膜片上设计一组对称的光栅固定柱,有效避免了传感器在使用过程中产生谱峰分裂。同时,利用光栅固定柱张角引起的应变效应,大幅度地提高了传感器的压力灵敏度。理论分析了该结构的增敏机理并给出传感器灵敏度公式,计算结果表明,传感器的压力灵敏度可达1 374.3 pm/MPa。使用ANSYS建立薄板挠曲的有限元模型,通过提取固定柱中心点处在光纤方向上的位移,获得了有限元模型的压力灵敏度为1 360.8 pm/MPa。有限元分析和理论设计结果的相对误差为0.98%,具有很高的一致度,验证了理论设计和分析的正确性。     

差分式SAW温度应变复合传感器*

本文基于声表面波(SAW)理论和微扰理论,首次提出了并研制由三个谐振器组成的差分式SAW 温度应变复合传感器。通过COMSOL对AT切型和XY切型的两种SAW谐振器进行了仿真,根据其频率-应变响应和频率-温度响应,设计并研制了能够进行温度补偿和应力应变补偿的温度应变传感器,传感器的应力测量灵敏度为100Hz/u,温度测量灵敏度为80kHz/。该传感器成功应用到了隔离开关的状态监测,现场测试表明,该传感器对隔离开关触指温度和应变的检测可实现对隔离开关工作状态的有效判别,在未来的电力系统设备在线检测中具有重要的应用前景。     

声表面波梁式加速度传感器的优化设计

为获得传感器的优化设计,对一种声表面波梁式加速度传感器敏感机理进行了研究。从声波波动方程出发,结合有限元分析以及微扰理论对加速度作用力作用下声表面波传播特性进行分析,以此构建梁式声表面波加速度传感器敏感机理的理论模型,特别分析了压电梁材料及几何结构、振子质量对传感响应的贡献以确定传感器优化的几何参数。为验证理论分析结果,实验研制了基于ST-X石英悬臂梁结构的差分振荡式声表面波加速度传感器,并利用精密振动台对所研制传感器性能进行评价。实验结果显示,在给定加速度测试范围内,采用ST-X石英梁并延长梁长度、降低梁厚度以及采用较大的阵子质量将有效的改善传感器检测灵敏度,在±2 g范围内加速度灵敏度可达27 k Hz/g,且实验结果很好的验证了理论模型。     

基于不规则U型结构的高灵敏度太赫兹微流传感器

设计了一种基于不规则U型结构的高灵敏度太赫兹微流传感器,通过仿真软件研究了传感器金属结构中金属线的长度、宽度与夹角对品质因数与吸收率的影响,以及微流通道高度与盖层厚度对传感器性能的影响,最后仿真计算了传感器对不同质量分数葡萄糖溶液的检测性能.结果 表明:传感器的最佳结构参数为L1=84 μm、L2=82μm、L3 =52μm、W=5μm、θ=60°,相应的传感器品质因数可达24,灵敏度可达313 GHz/RIU.这种具有高品质因数与高灵敏度的超材料传感器在无标记微量物质检测方面具有较高的应用价值.     

Miniature photonic-crystal hydrophone optimized for ocean acoustics

This work reports on an optical hydrophone that is insensitive to hydrostatic pressure, yet capable of measuring acoustic pressures as low as the background noise in the ocean in a frequency range of 1 Hz to 100 kHz. The miniature hydrophone consists of a Fabry-Perot interferometer made of a photonic-crystal reflector interrogated with a single-mode fiber and is compatible with existing fiber-optic technologies. Three sensors with different acoustic power ranges placed within a sub-wavelength sized hydrophone head allow a high dynamic range in the excess of 160 dB with a low harmonic distortion of better than -30 dB. A method for suppressing cross-coupling between sensors in the same hydrophone head is also proposed. A prototype was fabricated, assembled, and tested. The sensitivity was measured from 100 Hz to 100 kHz, demonstrating a sound-pressure-equivalent noise spectral density down to 12 μPa/Hz(1/2), a flatband wider than 10 kHz, and very low distortion.     

Resonant frequency method for the measurement and uncertainty analysis of acoustic and elastic properties

A resonant frequency method is proposed to determine the bar speed and the Poisson's ratio of a rod several meters long of the kind often used for manufacturing power sonic transducers and mechanical horns in mass production. This method is shown to be robust in a field test and with high resolution for estimation of the bar speed. The uncertainty (standard deviation/average) for the bar speed and the Poisson's ratio can be reduced by appropriately selecting the mode number pairs and increasing the mode number. In this study, the uncertainties of the bar speed and Poisson's ratio are less than 0.043% and 2.9%, respectively. The resonant frequency method is verified by comparing the dilatational wave speeds calculated by elastic theory with those from experiments, the difference between them being less than 0.17%.     

High-speed imaging of the ignition of ethanol at engine relevant conditions in a rapid compression machine

The rapid compression machine (RCM) is a great tool for investigating fuel properties under engine relevant conditions (high-pressures, low temperatures). The most common diagnostics is measuring the pressure over time and determining the ignition delay time (IDT). In this study, for the first time, the OH* luminescence of ethanol/air mixture is measured within an RCM experiment at 15 and 20?bar for Φ?=?0.5. Combining the common pressure measurements with the simultaneously recorded high-speed images (up to 74.5?kHz framerate) gives a first insight into understanding the ignition modes and the corresponding pressure traces. At 74.5?kHz, in contrast to findings in literature, the ethanol ignition did not show to be purely homogeneous. Four different propagating fronts of OH* luminescence have been recorded. Besides a flame kernel and a detonation-like ignition front two further fronts prior to main ignition have been observed. The propagating speeds of the fronts have been determined and depend on the overall IDT.     

基于球形压电陶瓷的耐压水听器

利用球形压电陶瓷自身所具有的耐压能力,采用径向极化空气背衬压电球壳换能器作为声学接收敏感元件,设计并制作了一种球形耐压水听器。首先对其低频开路接收灵敏度和谐振频率等声学特性进行了分析和有限元仿真,然后对其强度和稳定性等耐压性能进行了分析和有限元仿真,最后对其声学性能和耐压能力进行了测试。测试表明,该球形耐压水听器的直径为36 mm,工作频段为50 Hz～10 kHz,低频接收灵敏度为-198.4 dB (0 dB=1 V/μPa),等效自噪声谱级为46.5 dB@1 kHz,其耐压深度可达3000 m。该耐压水听器为大深度水听器设计提供了参考,在深水声学领域具有重要的应用价值。     

Acoustic radiation analysis and experimental verification of a broadband dense plane array

The sound field distribution of a broadband array is calculated using the acoustics FEM and BEM.The FEM-BEM model is established for a nine-element plane array and its numerical method of calculating mutual radiation impedance among the transducers is given. The changing law of mutual radiation impedance influencing acoustics performances is analyzed. The directivity and beam width of the plane array are calculated at three resonance frequencies.A broadband dense plane array with nine elements is developed using triply resonant transducers.The input impedance and directivity of the plane array are measured in anechoic water tank.Results show that it is reasonable to design the array according to the half wavelengh of the first resonance frequency of the array element.The numerical solution agrees with the measuring results well,which indicates the FEM-BEM method is feasible to calculate sound field distribution and analyze mutual impedances.     

基于AlN声表面波滤波传感器器件的有限元仿真

声表面波器件是一种利用压电材料的压电效应与逆压电效应工作电子器件, 文章首先详细描述了声表面波器件的设计与仿真过程,运用有限元分析的方法分别计算了利用声表面波的 SAW 器件与利用体波的 BAW 器件的性能与各项参数,对相关的器件进行了计算分析,分别用上述方法研究了基于 AlN 薄膜的声表面波器件和悬臂梁结构的体波器件,推导得出了器件的电学导纳与频率之间的关系, 通过分析器件的导纳-频率曲线,推导出器件内部声波的模式以及合适的工作频率,最终得出在 IDT 周期为 8 微米的情况下,SAW 器件的理想工作频率是 0.7-1.95GHz,BAW 器件的理想工作频率在 0.6-3.2GHz 的结果。     

The equation of state of QCD under hard-dense-loop approximation

Based on the method proposed by Zong et al.,we calculate the equation of state(EOS) of QCD at zero temperature and finite quark chemical potential under the hard-dense-loop(HDL) approximation.A comparison between the EOS under HDL approximation and the cold,perturbative EOS of QCD proposed by Fraga,Pisarski and Schaffner-Bielich is made.It is found that when μ is less than 4.7 GeV,the pressure density calculated using HDL approximation is much larger than that calculated using pertur-bation theory.This enha...