柱状导体衍射级数

本文对于任意形状的光滑柱状理想导体的衍射提出一种级数解法。方法的原理与层变媒质的Bremmer级数相似:先以内接多面稜柱代替上述光滑柱体;将此稜柱产生的衍射场展为一个级数。级数之首项为几何光学场;级数之第二项为稜柱的所有各稜产生的元衍射场之和,其中每个元衍射场皆取Sommerfeld问题的解,即将该稜之两侧面视为半无限大的平面。上述每一元衍射场皆投射在其相邻稜上,并在相邻稜上发生衍射;这一衍射场随之又投射在下一个相邻稜上而发生衍射;依此类推。按此方式依次被各稜所衍射的场称为“主掠射元场”。级数之第三项即为这些主掠射元场之和。被某一稜A衍射而后又在相邻的稜B上衍射的某一元场,同样会回射到A上;然后以上述“主掠射”方式传递下去,这样的场称为“一次反射元场”。级数的第四项即为这些一次反射元场之和。依此类推。一般说来,级数之第m项(m>3)为m-3次反射元场之和。元场在任何一稜上的衍射皆取Sommerfeld解。当内接多面稜柱之面数趋向无穷,且每面之宽度趋向零时,多面稜柱即趋于光滑柱体,且级数每一项的求和变为一个积分。这时该级数总和之极限即为原问题之解。对级数之前三项单独进行了推导。对于一般的第m项(m>3),导出了一个递推公式。最后,对该级数之收敛条件进行了探讨。     

几种孤立带电导体的电荷面密度与曲率的关系

引言 本文试图计算某些形状规则的带电导体共电荷面密度与曲率的关系.本文的基本思路是:根据带电导体电场的电势[1],[2],可以求出导体表面的电荷密度(σ=E/4π=｜φ｜/4π).再利用微分几何有关曲率的知识,就可得到电荷密度与曲率的关系式. 下面先介绍微分几何有关曲率的知识.二、主曲率和总曲率[3] 平面曲线的曲率概念我们是熟悉的.下面我们说明曲面的曲率可以通过平面曲线的曲率来表示. 通过曲面上任一点M的法线,可以作出无穷多个平面,每个平面与曲面的交线称为M点的法截线.M点的法截线有无穷多条,每条都是平面曲线,都有确定的曲率.设M点…     

孤立带电导体表面曲率最大处场强不一定最大

一般认为：在一个孤立的带电导体表面上，其表面曲率最大处，电场强度也最大．事实上这两个最大值之间没有上述关系，并不总是一一相对应的．只对特殊形状的导体才成立．本文通过轴向对称带电球面的一级微扰来证明电场强度和曲率二者最大值的位置是不同的．     

均匀外电场中的一般椭球形导体

根据一个均匀极化的一般椭球形电介质表面的极化电荷的分布规律与一个处在均匀外电场中具有相同形状的导体椭球表面上感应电荷的分布规律的相似性,通过先求出均匀极化椭球表面上极化电荷的分布规律,然后用类比的方法给出了一个处在均匀外电场中具有相同形状的一般椭球形导体表面上电荷的分布规律。     

圆形余弦光栅菲涅耳衍射场的研究

基于波前相因子判断法并考虑到圆光栅孔径的影响,揭示了圆形余弦光栅的衍射场含有3种成分,它们是均受限于圆形孔径的平面衍射波、发散球面衍射波和会聚球面衍射波;分别给出了这3种衍射场的积分表达式,进而导出了沿轴的衍射场复振幅分布的3个公式,并显示了相应的沿轴衍射场实振幅分布曲线,得到了实焦斑的横向半值线宽和轴向半值线宽公式.本研究为圆形余弦光栅用于聚焦和成像技术进一步提供了一个理论基础.     

声光布喇格衍射场光能量分布及光斑形状设计

本文在一维布喇格衍射分析方法的基础上,导出了两维时的衍射场光能量分布,给出了相应的实验结果.分析了影响衍射光光斑能量分布的主要因素,最后提出了综合考虑衍射效率,上升时间、光斑形状的新的设计思想.     

高斯分布扩散光波导折射率分布的多项式近似

本文用适当的多项式函数近似高斯折射率分布函数,利用Ikuno的结果,导出了扩散平面光波导导模有效折射率的更精确近似解公式.这个公式不仅简单便于计算,而且由它求得的导模有效折射率更接近光线方法的数值结果,其精度不仅优于无微扰的适当双曲正割分布近似,也优于微扰的适当双曲正割分布近似.同时也改善了较高阶导模的数据精度.     

双半透镜干涉场的研究

基于波前分析和基尔霍夫衍射积分式,导出了在会聚球面波照射下圆孔或半圆孔菲涅耳衍射场沿轴的复振幅分布,特别关注其相位分布,给出了像点两侧对称点之间的相位差公式,结果表明过像点的相位变化是连续的.进而将这些结果应用于双半透镜装置,即梅斯林干涉实验,分别两种情况(即焦距相等而物距不等和物距相等而焦距不等)给出了分别由单个半透镜产生的两个衍射场之间的相位差公式和相应的干涉强度公式.结果表明,这两个衍射场沿轴的有效相位差未必是0,亦未必是π,还可能出现锯齿型的反复变化.本研究为正确地分析双半透镜产生的两个衍射场之间的干涉场提供了一个可靠的理论途径.     

高分子有机场效应晶体管中半导体薄膜结晶行为及微观结构变化的研究

为了探索高分子有机场效应晶体管(OFET)中高分子自组织机理与电荷传输的关联性,采用同步辐射掠入射X射线衍射技术研究了高分子OFET中以高度区域规则的聚(3-己基噻吩)(RR-P3HT)为代表的半导体层的结晶行为及微观结构组织变化,及其引起的高分子半导体电荷传输机理.研究发现,采用自组装单分子层(SAMs)技术进行界面修饰,可以完善绝缘层与RR-P3HT半导体层之间的界面效果.SAMs的形成改善了界面,可以有效地控制上层RR-P3HT半导体层的结晶性及微观结构,使较多的噻吩环面垂直于衬底、得到π-π堆积方向平行于衬底的二维微晶粒薄片结构,这种微观结构有效地形成了二维共轭电荷传输通道,完善了在RR-P3HT工作层生长过程中的自组织机理;并且对于RR-P3HT半导体工作层来说,慢速生长过程比快速生长过程更有利于有效的二维共轭微晶粒薄片生长,更能完善RR-P3HT工作层生长过程中的自组织机理. 关键词： 高度区域规则的聚(3-己基噻吩)有机场效应晶体管 同步辐射掠入射X射线衍射 自组织机理 微观结构     

关于复合场场论的微扰展开式

本文根据以Bethe-Salpeter波函数所定义的渐近条件为基础的复合场场论而导出了相互作用表象中相应的微扰展开式,应用这一展开式讨论了层子模型计算方法中如何选择费曼图的问题。     

Coupled-cluster approach in electronic structure theory of molecules

The coupled-cluster approach for the electronic-structure studies of molecular systems is formulated in non-degenerate and quasi-degenerate versions. It provides an efficient method how to construct and calculate simultaneously the diagrammatic perturbation terms of an arbitrary high order and a prescribed form of topology. This allows us to formulate simple procedures for the evaluation of infinite summations of perturbation diagrammatic terms. The theory is illustrated by numerical calculations for simple small molecular systems.     

Bragg diffraction of surface magnetostatic waves from magnetic lattices

We present a theoretical and experimental investigation of Bragg scattering of surface magnetostatic waves (SMSW) by a time-independent, spatially periodic magnetic field when the wave orientation is arbitrary with respect to the magnetization field. In the theoretical section the theory of single-mode Bragg diffraction is generalized to the case of waves with arbitrary dispersion propagating through an anisotropic medium. The calculated results are, on the whole, supported by experimental measurements on SMSW. We demonstrate that a geometry which in isotropic media leads to a sinusoidal distribution of diffraction order amplitudes as a function of penetration into the differing lattice, can lead to a nearly exponential distribution of such amplitudes in anisotropic media. The anisotropy of the interaction between SMSW and the magnetic diffracting lattice is manifested by anomalously high scattering efficiencies for certain cases of relative orientation.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 76–85, November, 1988.     

论平面光栅单色计的光学质量

本文包括下列结果:1.以矢量代数方法一般地讨论了狭缝形状和谱线形状的关系;导出了一般的角色散公式。2.讨论了由于光栅角倍率特点所残留的不对称象差及其校正方法和其他象差之值,并举出一个校正象差的例。3.探讨了完全校正象差的可能有的结构及其特性。 关键词：     

Structure of boundary diffraction wave revisited

The physically appealing boundary diffraction wave theory which suggests that diffraction patterns arise due to interference of an undisturbed (geometrical) wave and the boundary diffraction wave generated by edge of the diffracting aperture, simplifies the solution of diffraction problems by reducing the Fresnel–Kirchhoff surface integral into a line integral over the illuminated boundary of the diffracting aperture. The present work reports experimental investigations carried out on the structure of the boundary diffraction wave. It has been shown that the boundary diffraction wave is continuous behind the diffracting aperture and apparently there does not exist any discontinuity at the geometrically light to shadow transition boundary, as is required by the theory. PACS 42.25.-p; 42.25.Fx; 42.25.Hz     

X‐ray focusing by the system of refractive lens(es) placed inside asymmetric channel‐cut crystals

An X‐ray one‐dimensionally focusing system, a refracting–diffracting lens (RDL), composed of Bragg double‐asymmetric‐reflecting two‐crystal plane parallel plates and a double‐concave cylindrical parabolic lens placed in the gap between the plates is described. It is shown that the focal length of the RDL is equal to the focal distance of the separate lens multiplied by the square of the asymmetry factor. One can obtain RDLs with different focal lengths for certain applications. Using the point‐source function of dynamic diffraction, as well as the Green function in a vacuum with parabolic approximation, an expression for the double‐diffracted beam amplitude for an arbitrary incident wave is presented. Focusing of the plane incident wave and imaging of a point source are studied. The cases of non‐absorptive and absorptive lenses are discussed. The intensity distribution in the focusing plane and on the focusing line, and its dependence on wavelength, deviation from the Bragg angle and magnification is studied. Geometrical optical considerations are also given. RDLs can be applied to focus radiation from both laboratory and synchrotron X‐ray sources, for X‐ray imaging of objects, and for obtaining high‐intensity beams. RDLs can also be applied in X‐ray astronomy.     

Cornu's spiral in the Fresnel regime studied using ultrasound: a phase study

A simple experimental technique for measuring the phase and amplitude of diffracting ultrasound wave [A. Hitachi and M. Takata, Am. J. Phys. 78, 678 (2010)] has been applied to diffracting objects with straight edges as a demonstration of the Cornu spiral. Babinet's principle is studied observing the ultrasound field behind a slit and a complementary strip obstacle and is verified directly by comparing vectors (phasors) in the complex plane. The phase of the diffracted wave observed in the geometrical shadow of the straight screen has the form of a cylindrical wave originating at the edge of the straight screen as the boundary diffraction wave proposed by Young. In addition, the incident wave has a phase delay of π/4 behind the wave passing through on the center line of the slit, the plane of symmetry, has been observed as predicted by Huygens-Fresnel diffraction theory.     

Rubinowicz transform of the MTPO surface integrals

The surface integral of the modified theory of physical optics is reduced to a line integral by using the Rubinowicz transform for the incident scattered fields by an arbitrary aperture in a black surface. The integral theorem of Kirchhoff is applied to the scattering geometry and the diffracted fields are expressed in terms of a line integral along the contour of the diffracting edge.     

椭圆外导体-矩形内导体同轴线的特性阻抗

本文提出用图形逼近和取尺寸上、下限值的几何平均值的方法,计算椭圆外导体-矩形内导体同轴线特性阻抗。矩形截面内导体的内切共焦椭圆和外接共焦椭圆,通过保角变换,变成同心圆。矩形变成近于矩形的闭合曲线,二同心圆分别为它的最小值和最大值,取二者的几何平均值,与同轴椭圆截面外导体同时变成的同心圆,构成一个标准同轴线,得到了特性阻抗公式。并由此推导出椭圆外导体-微带内导体、圆形外导体-方形内导体、圆形外导体-矩形内导体及圆形外导体-微带内导体等各种同轴线的特性阻抗的初等函数表示式。给出了上述几种同轴线的特性阻抗准确数值。 关键词：