模型燃烧室水蒸汽伴随稀释燃烧降低污染物排放的实验研究

水蒸汽稀释燃烧是燃气轮机燃烧室降低出口污染物NOx排放的关键技术.本文通过模型燃烧室水蒸汽伴随稀释燃烧实验,研究了稀释对燃烧特性的影响.实验中发现,火焰的形态和尺寸、燃烧室内温度分布、出口污染物生成(即NOx、CO)及燃烧效率都受到稀释度的影响.研究结果表明,水蒸汽伴随稀释使得燃烧室温度场、浓度场发生变化,出口污染物NOx排放下降,CO和UHC上升.     

进气温度对微燃机燃烧室燃烧特性的影响分析

本文通过实验研究了在保持微型燃气轮机燃烧室出口排气温度不变的情况下,改变进口空气温度对燃烧室燃烧特性的影响.结果表明,随着燃烧室进气温度的增大,燃烧效率提高,燃烧室出口温度不均匀性系数减小,热阻增大,总压恢复系数有所降低.同时,实验结果还表明,随着燃烧室进口空气温度的增大,燃烧室出口处CO及未燃烬碳(UHC)排放浓度显著降低,但NO排放浓度则增大.根据实验结果,本文还分析了进气温度的改变对燃烧室燃烧特性的影响规律,为今后微型燃气轮机燃烧室的研制及改进提供了参考依据.     

二次风率对分级进风燃烧室内湍流燃烧与NOx生成的影响

本文在分级进风燃烧室的热态实验装置上,测量了燃烧室内湍流燃烧的温度场和组分浓度场,研究了分级进风的流量比率即二次风率对燃烧及NOx生成的影响.得到了四组不同二次风率下燃烧室内气体温度和O2、CO2、CO与NO浓度的分布.     

进气中CO2浓度对预混合燃烧和排放影响的试验和模拟研究

本文研究了进气中CO2浓度对燃烧和排放特性的影响.研究表明在所有的预混合燃料比下,当CO2浓度增加时,NOx排放随之大幅减少,烟度排放有小的变化。利用KIVA3V和湍流与化学反应交互的燃烧模型对柴油机预混合燃烧进行了模拟研究,对缸内OH浓度的模拟计算表明,随着CO2浓度的增加,着火前期OH生成浓度明显向后推移,这表明燃料的氧化速率随CO2浓度的增加变慢,从而延长了着火滞燃期。进气中CO2浓度变大时,燃烧温度降低,有利于降低NOx的排放。     

燃气轮机合成气燃烧室中燃烧噪声的现场测试与分析

燃气轮机的燃烧噪声是反映燃烧室燃烧稳定性的主要参数.本文对国内某座煤基IGCC示范电站的40 MW级燃气轮机在诸多运行条件下的燃烧噪声进行了现场测试,分析了气液双燃料喷嘴在燃烧轻柴油、燃烧合成气以及油气切换过程中燃烧室的燃烧噪声,另外分析了合成气掺烧驰放气与合成气加湿对燃烧稳定性的影响.结果表明:合成气燃烧室在油气切换过程中燃烧噪声会增加,但距离振荡燃烧的阈值仍有很大的裕度;烧合成气时随着燃气轮机功率增加燃烧噪声降低;合成气加湿时随着蒸汽流量增加污染物NOx排放显著降低,并且燃烧噪声也有降低的趋势.     

分级进风对旋流燃烧室内湍流燃烧的影响

本文在分级进风旋流燃烧室的实验台上,测量了在不同的分级进风比率或二次直流风率条件下,湍流旋流燃烧的时均温度场、O_2、CO_2、CO和NO浓度场的分布。通过实验测量结果分析了分级进风对旋流燃烧室内湍流燃烧过程及NOx生成的影响。     

2955t/h超超临界塔式炉炉膛传热与燃烧的数值模拟

通过数值模拟对2955 t/h超超临界塔式炉炉膛内燃烧过程进行研究,给出了炉内流场、温度场的分布规律以及NOx排放的影响规律.结果表明,采用同心切圆燃烧方式、CCOFA风和SOFA风对燃烧区域过量空气系数的多级控制,实现了炉膛出口烟温偏差小、NOx的排放量低的要求,数值模拟与试验数据相比,两者基本吻合.     

燃气轮机合成气燃烧室燃料气加湿实验研究

本文针对一种燃用合成气的40MW级燃气轮机燃烧室,进行了该型燃烧室的全压燃料气蒸汽加湿试验研究,得到了燃烧室在基本负荷下随加湿量变化污染物排放、燃烧室内动态压力、火焰筒壁面温度等重要参数的变化规律,分析了燃料气加湿对燃气轮机总体性能、污染物排放、火焰筒壁温及燃烧稳定性方面的影响,探讨了燃料气加湿对合成气燃烧中Nox生成的机理性作用. 研究表明燃料气加湿是降低燃用合成气的燃气轮机氮氧化物排放的有效方式.     

一次风旋流数对燃烧室内湍流燃烧与NOx生成的影响

本文在分级进风旋流燃烧室的实验装置上进行了湍流燃烧的实验研究。测量了在不同的一次风旋流数下,气体的时均温度、O2、CO2、CO和NO浓度的分布。利用实验测量结果分析了一次风旋流数对燃烧室内湍流燃烧及NOx生成的影响。     

O2/CO2循环燃烧中NOx的中试实验研究

O2/CO2 循环燃烧技术不仅便于回收烟气中 CO2,还能大幅度减少 SO2 和 NOx 排放.在国内第一台中试规模O2/CO2 循环燃烧台架上,对炉膛内部不同燃烧区域和尾部烟气的 NOx 排放进行研究.结果表明,本实验台架燃烧一段是 NOx 排放的重点提升区,Air 气氛下 NOx 浓度上升了 109.7%,在 O2/CO2 和 O2/RFG 气氛下 NOx 浓度没有明显增加,分别上升 23.2% 和 21.6%,燃烧二段 NOx 浓度基本没发生变化.尾部烟气中,与 Air 工况相比,O2/CO2 循环燃烧工况下脱硝率为 83.41%,另外喷钙对 NOx 的脱除也有不同程度的提升.     

燃油分级多点喷射低污染燃烧室的化学反应网络模型分析

本文采用基于详细化学反应机理的化学反应网络模型分析了航空发动机燃油径向分级多点喷射低污染燃烧室的NO_x排放特性。该分级燃烧室不同于传统燃烧室,头部由值班区和主燃区两个不同的燃烧区域,根据CFD得到的流场特性和当量比的分布特性对燃烧室进行分区构建化学反应器网络模型,研究了值班级当量比以及值班级和主燃级两级供油比例对排放的影响。同时,还分析了空气进口温度对NO_x排放的影响。得到了较为合理的变化趋势,为低污染燃烧室的初步设计提供了有益的指导。     

Towards the development of an efficient low-NOx ammonia combustor for a micro gas turbine

Recent studies have demonstrated stable generation of power from pure ammonia combustion in a micro gas turbine (MGT) with a high combustion efficiency, thus overcoming some of the challenges that discouraged such applications of ammonia in the past. However, achievement of low NOx emission from ammonia combustors remains an important challenge. In this study, combustion techniques and combustor design for efficient combustion and low NOx emission from an ammonia MGT swirl combustor are proposed. The effects of fuel injection angle, combustor inlet temperature, equivalence ratio, and ambient pressure on flame stabilization and emissions were investigated in a laboratory high pressure combustion chamber. An FTIR gas analyser was employed in analysing the exhaust gases. Numerical modeling using OpenFOAM was done to better understand the dependence of NO emissions on the equivalence ratio. The result show that inclined fuel injection as opposed to vertical injection along the combustor central axis resulted to improved flame stability, and lower NH₃ and NOx emissions. Numerical and experimental results showed that a control of the equivalence ratio upstream of the combustor is critical for low NOx emission in a rich-lean ammonia combustor. NO emission had a minimum value at an upstream equivalence ratio of 1.10 in the experiments. Furthermore, NO emission was found to decrease with ambient pressure, especially for premixed combustion. For the rich-lean combustion strategy employed in this study, lower NOx emission was recorded in premixed combustion than in non-premixed combustion indicating the importance of mixture uniformity for low NOx emission from ammonia combustion. A prototype liner developed to enhance the control and uniformity of the equivalence ratio upstream of the combustor further improved ammonia combustion. With the proposed liner design, NOx emission of 42?ppmv and ammonia combustion efficiency of 99.5% were achieved at 0.3?MPa for fuel input power of 31.44?kW.     

高温空气燃烧NOx排放特性的试验研究

通过两种结构烧嘴的热态燃烧试验对比,研究了烧嘴结构、燃气射流速度、过量空气系数对高温空气燃烧过程氮氧化物排放的影响特性。研究结果认为:在燃气喷口两侧布置两个矩形空气喷口的烧嘴,氮氧化物排放量低于圆形空气喷口烧嘴;随着燃气射流速度的提高,高温空气燃烧过程排放的氮氧化物逐渐减少。与普通燃烧过程不同的是,随着过量空气系数的提高,在一定范围内高温空气燃烧的氮氧化物排放量不断增加。分析认为,高温空气燃烧氮氧化物排放量与火焰体积、炉内氧气与燃气混合过程以及燃气射流和空气射流对炉内烟气的卷吸量有关。     

渐变型多孔介质中燃气燃烧特性试验研究

试验研究预混燃气在渐变型多孔介质(GVPM)中的燃烧特性,包括在渐变型多孔介质中的温度场、火焰移动、CO和NOx生成、燃烧稳定性及多孔介质孔径结构对燃烧特性的影响规律。研究结果与几种均匀型多孔介质(HPM)中的燃烧特性进行比较,发现渐变型多孔介质中的燃烧有如下优点:均匀的温度分布、较低污染物排放、高燃烧速率、高稳定性、宽燃烧极限和较大的负荷调节范围。     

Flow characterization and dilution effects of N_2 and CO_2 on premixed CH_4/air flames in a swirl-stabilized combustor

Numerically-aided experimental studies are conducted on a swirl-stabilized combustor to investigate the dilution effects on flame stability, flame structure, and pollutant emissions of premixed CH4/air flames. Our goal is to provide a systematic assessment on combustion characteristics in diluted regimes for its application to environmentally-friendly approaches such as biogas combustion and exhanst-gas recirculation technology. Two main diluting species, N2 and CO2, are tested at various dilution rates. The results obtained by means of optical diagnostics show that five main flame regimes can be observed for Nz-diluted flames by changing excess air and dilution rate. CO2-diluted flames follow the same pattern evolution except that all the domains are shifted to lower excess air. Both N2 and CO2 dilution affect the lean blow- out （LBO） limits negatively. This behavior can be counter-balanced by reactant preheating which is able to broaden the flammability domain of the diluted flames. Flame reactivity is degraded by increasing dilution rate. Meanwhile, flames are thickened in the presence of both diluting species. NOx emissions are significantly reduced with dilution and proved to be relevant to flame stability diagrams： slight augmentation in NOx emission profiles is related to transitional flame states where instability occurs. Although dilution results in increase in CO emissions at certain levels, optimal dilution rates can still be proposed to achieve an ideal compromise.