具有任意槽的矩形波导栅慢波结构高频特性的研究

将任意形状槽的连续轮廓近似用一系列相连的矩形阶梯近似，利用各阶梯面上导纳的匹配，以及槽与互作用区边界场的连续与匹配条件，获得了具有任意槽的矩形波导栅慢波结构的色散方程和耦合阻抗的表达式，并进行理论上的验证.加工制作了矩形槽波导栅模型，冷测表明理论值与测量值相吻合.分别求解几种特殊槽形矩形波导栅慢波结构的色散特性及耦合阻抗，其中，三角形结构的色散和耦合阻抗均最弱，而倒梯形结构色散最强，耦合阻抗最大. 关键词： 矩形波导栅 任意槽 色散特性 慢波结构     

DIELECTRIC EFFECT ON THE RADIO-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF A RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE GRATING TRAVELING WAVE TUBE

A new type of partial-dielectric-loaded rectangular waveguide grating slow-wave structure (SWS) for millimeter wave traveling wave tube (TWT) is presented in this paper. The radio-frequency characteristics including the dispersion properties, the longitudinal electric field distribution and the beam-wave coupling impedance of this structure are analyzed. The results show that the dispersion of the rectangular waveguide grating circuit is weakened, the phase velocity is reduced and the position of the maximum E _z is basically invariant after partially filling the dielectric materials in the rectangular waveguide grating SWS. Although the coupling impedance decreases a little, it still keeps above 40 Ω.     

同轴任意槽形周期圆波导慢波结构色散特性的研究

用阶梯近似的方法分析任意槽形加载的圆波导慢波系统，利用各阶梯相邻面的导纳匹配条件 以及中心互作用区与加载区的场匹配条件，获得了任意槽形加载周期慢波结构的统一色散方 程. 利用该色散方程，得到色散特性与CST MWS仿真软件模拟结果良好符合. 分别求解几种 特殊槽形加载慢波结构的色散特性及耦合阻抗，其中，三角形结构色散和耦合阻抗均最弱， 而倒梯形结构色散最强，耦合阻抗最大. 关键词： 任意槽形 慢波结构 色散特性 行波管     

Study of the double rectangular waveguide grating slow-wave structure

A slow-wave structure (SWS) with two opposite gratings inside a rectangular waveguide is presented and analysed. As an all-metal slow-wave circuit, this structure is especially suited for use in millimetre-wave travelling wave tubes (TWTs) due to its advantages of large size, high manufacturing precision and good heat dissipation. The first part of this paper concerns the wave properties of this structure in vacuum. The influence of the geometrical dimensions on dispersion characteristics and coupling impedance is investigated. The theoretical results show that this structure has a very strong dispersion and the coupling impedance for the fundamental wave is several tens of ohms, but the coupling impedance for --1 space harmonic wave is much lower than that for the fundamental wave, so the risk of backward wave oscillation is reduced. Besides these, the CST microwave studio is also used to simulate the dispersion property of the SWS. The simulation results from CST and the theoretical results agree well with each other, which supports the theory. In the second part, a small-signal analysis of a double rectangular waveguide grating TWT is presented. The typical small-signal gain per period is about 0.45 dB, and the 3-dB small-signal gain bandwidth is only 4\%.     

正弦波导高频特性分析

对一种全金属慢波系统—–正弦波导的高频特性进行了理论分析.在用一系列相连矩形阶梯逼近余弦槽的基础上,对慢波结构进行了合理的区域划分,获得了各区域的场表达式.考虑槽区的高次驻波项,采用场匹配和导纳匹配相结合的方法,导出色散方程和耦合阻抗表达式.以应用于220 GHz行波管的正弦波导为例进行高频特性的数值求解,理论计算值与全三维电磁软件CST-MWS的仿真值符合良好.在此基础上,详细分析了尺寸参数变化对正弦波导高频特性的影响.     

矩形波导栅慢波系统的实验研究

 从实验上研究了矩形波导栅慢波系统的色散特性及其耦合装置的驻波系数，用分布加工的方法分别制作了矩形、燕尾形、梯形3种不同槽形的矩形波导栅慢波结构模型和带输入输出结构的矩形波导栅慢波结构实体模型。采用谐振法测量它们的色散特性和驻波系数，实验结果与理论计算值和模拟值吻合良好。     

矩形栅慢波系统的高频特性分析

 对于矩形栅这一经典的慢波结构，采用场匹配法来分析其慢波特性，进而得到其耦合阻抗。其中对槽区内的场处理，保留其高次项，表示为一无限本征驻波之和的形式。然后通过数值实例具体分析了矩形栅的两种典型结构：浅槽栅和深槽栅。当增大槽深后，色散增强，系统通带变窄，同时耦合阻抗有明显增大，工作点移向前向波区，适合用在放大器的慢波结构上。     

Dielectric effect on the rf characteristics of a helical groove travelling wave tube

A new type of partial-dielectric-loaded helical groove slow-wave structure (SWS) for millimetre wave travelling wave tube (TWT） is presented in this paper.The radio-frequency characteristics including the dispersion properties,the longitudinal electric field distribution and the beam-wave coupling impedance of this structure are analysed.The results show that the dispersion of the helical groove circuit is weakened,the phase velocity is reduced and the position of the maximum Ez is moved from the mouth to the inside of the groove after partially filling the dielectric materials in the helical groove SWS.Therefore,the dielectric-loaded helical groove SWS is suitable for a multi-beam TWT with broad band and high gain.     

带状注行波管双矩形螺旋线慢波结构高频特性北大核心CSCD

针对新型螺旋线慢波结构——双矩形螺旋线慢波结构,即在金属屏蔽框内平行加载两个具有矩形横截面形状的自由螺旋线慢波结构,利用三维电磁仿真软件对其高频特性(色散特性和耦合阻抗)进行模拟研究。结果表明:在相同位置处,与单矩形螺旋线慢波结构相比,双矩形螺旋线慢波结构色散特性变化很小,却有着更高的耦合阻抗;同时,在包含这些位置的空间部分,可采用带状电子注与该慢波结构进行注波互作用,使输出功率进一步得到提高。     

Dispersion Characteristics of Coaxial Circular-Arc-Groove Slow-Wave Structure

The coaxial circular-arc-groove periodic slow-wave system for relativestic traveling wave tubes (RTWT) is presented in this paper. To analyze the field in the groove region, the continuous profile of the circular arc is approximately replaced by a series of rectangular steps and the field continuity at the neighboring steps is deduced. The dispersion equation of the coaxial circular-arc-groove slow-wave structure is derived by the matching conditions at the interface between the groove region and central region. The influence of various circuit parameters on the dispersion relation is investigated by the numerical calculation.     

新型半矩形环螺旋线慢波结构高频特性

针对行波管更高工作频率和更大输出功率的发展需要,提出了一种半矩形环螺旋线慢波结构。基于三维电磁仿真软件HFSS的模拟研究表明:调控慢波结构的尺寸可以获得合适的色散特性和互作用阻抗,与现有技术的半圆环螺旋线慢波结构相比较,半矩形环螺旋线慢波结构的色散变化很小,但是具有更高的互作用阻抗值。新结构具有平坦色散、高互作用阻抗、与微细加工技术相兼容以及方便与带状电子束互作用的综合优点。     

内开槽矩形波导栅慢波电路高频特性的数值分析

 介绍了用德国CST公司提供的MWS 4.2软件模拟计算色散特性和耦合阻抗的理论方法，对内开槽矩形波导栅结构的高频特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明：在传统矩形波导栅结构的基础上，开槽后的矩形波导栅结构比开槽前的相速更低，用作行波管的慢波结构时，可降低工作电压，工艺上容易实现，而且耦合阻抗均在45 W以上，满足毫米波行波管的要求；在内开槽宽度一定的前提下，槽深、栅间距和栅周期的增大对降低系统相速有利。     

Analysis of the Coaxial Ridge-Loaded Helical Groove Waveguide

The coaxial ridge-loaded helical groove waveguide is proposed in this paper. As an all-metal slow-wave circuit, it has advantages of good heat dissipation and great size, and thus is suitable for use of millimeter TWT. By means of field theory, the expressions of the dispersion equation and the coupling impedance of the coaxial ridge-loaded helical groove waveguide are obtained. The influence of various circuit dimensions on the dispersion relation and the coupling impedance is investigated by the results of numerical computation.     

The Analysis of Hole-Gap Helical Groove Waveguide

The hole-gap helical groove waveguide, as a all-metal slow-wave circuit, has advantages of good heat dissipation and great size, and thus is suitable for use of mm TWT. By means of an approximate field theory, the expressions of the dispersion equation and the coupling impedance of the hole-gap helical groove waveguide is obtained in this paper. The influence of various circuit dimensions on the dispersion relation and the coupling impedance is discussed by the numerical computation.     

正交场返波管太赫兹源慢波系统

为解决正交场返波管太赫兹源慢波结构的设计问题,研究了开放式单排矩形梳齿慢波结构的色散及耦合阻抗特性并给出了设计思路及结果。利用单模近似法和数值计算得到了各几何参数对慢波结构性能的影响。结果表明:慢波周期长度可相对独立地优化耦合阻抗;设计慢波结构时可根据工作频率、加工工艺和电子枪性能确定其余三个几何参数,主要是对慢波周期长度进行调节。进一步的数值计算给出了梳齿间距在0.010~0.025 mm范围内、工作频率在300~420 GHz范围内的开放式矩形梳齿慢波结构的具体尺寸。利用粒子模拟软件对一个设计结果进行了仿真,得到的工作频率验证了冷腔分析的结果。     

适用于毫米波带状束行波放大器的光子晶体栅慢波电路研究

提出了一种适用于毫米波及THz波行波放大器的光子晶体栅慢波电路,即横向分布光子晶体栅慢波电路,并提出了分析和设计此类光子晶体栅慢波电路的方法.通过计算光子晶体TE极化的带隙和在带隙内将光子晶体栅慢波电路等效为矩形栅波导慢波电路,从而,光子晶体栅慢波电路的设计得以分为两步独立进行,从而简化了光子晶体栅慢波电路的设计.对横向分布光子晶体栅慢波电路进行了设计和计算,结果表明,与矩形栅波导慢波电路相比,横向分布光子晶体栅慢波电路可以降低工作电压并增加带宽,从而可以降低成本. 关键词： 行波放大器 光子晶体 毫米波 慢波电路     

曲折圆形槽波导慢波系统的高频特性

 对曲折圆形槽波导新型慢波系统的高频特性进行了研究，通过理论分析和数值计算，得到了它的色散曲线和耦合阻抗表达式，并分析了结构参数变化对色散特性和耦合阻抗的影响。研究表明：当周期变小时色散减弱，耦合阻抗增加；而增大直波导长度时色散变弱，但同时耦合阻抗也会下降。因此较小的周期有利于改善曲折圆形槽波导慢波电路的高频特性。鉴于这种电路的耦合阻抗较低，可以适当地减小直波导长度来提高耦合阻抗。曲折槽波导结合了曲折波导散热能力强、色散特性好、容易加工和槽波导单模工作、低损耗、大尺寸等优点，在毫米波及亚毫米波段的行波管中具有较好的发展前景。     

W波段带状注矩形单栅返波振荡器模拟研究

提出并研究了一种带状电子注矩形单栅返波振荡器。首先研究了矩形单栅慢波结构的色散特性和耦合阻抗特性,然后粒子模拟并优化设计了带状注矩形单栅高频结构,预群聚腔及输出一体化结构。研究结果表明:利用电压200kV、电压2kA、截面为24mm×0.5mm的带状电子注,驱动该矩形单栅返波振荡器,能够产生42 MW的输出功率,工作频率86GHz,效率为10.5%。     

Radio-Frequency Characteristics of a Printed Rectangular Helix Slow-Wave Structure

A new type of printed rectangular helix slow- wave structure （SWS） is investigated using the field-matching method and the electromagnetic integral equations at the boundaries. The radio-frequency characteristics including the dispersion equation and the coupling impedance for transverse antisymmetric （odd） modes of this structure are analysed. The numerical results agree well with the results obtained by the EM simulation software HFSS. It is shown that the dispersion of the rectangular helix circuit is weakened, the phase velocity is reduced after filling the dielectric materials in the rectangular helix SWS. As a planar slow-wave structure, this structure has potential applications in compact TWTs.     

开敞型角向周期加载金属柱圆波导的注波互作用线性理论研究

提出了一种可应用于毫米波功率放大器中的新型慢波结构——-开敞型角向周期 加载金属柱圆波导结构,并且在互作用通道内,引入了薄环形电子注, 推导出了此时的"热"色散方程,并且对基于该新型慢波结构的行波管的 小信号增益特性进行了深入探讨.通过数值方法 研究了金属柱尺寸和电子注参数 对器件线性特性的影响. 结果表明: 通过对金属柱尺寸的适当设计, 可以获得更高的增益值. 与封闭型结构的比较结果表明, 开敞型角向周期加载金属柱圆波导结构能够 有效地提高小信号增益, 并且对带宽的影响不大. 研究结果为研制基于此新型慢波系统的毫米波行波管奠定了理论基础.