甘青铁线莲花不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化性比较

采用邻二氮菲-Fe²⁺氧化法,邻苯三酚自氧化法以及卵黄脂蛋白不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）过氧化体系,对甘青铁线莲花乙醚提取物、甲醇提取物、乙醇提取物和槲皮素的抗氧化活性进行测定和比较。结果表明,甘青铁线莲花不同溶剂提取物对不同的自由基清除作用差异较大。与槲皮素相比较,各提取物对超氧阴离子自由基（·O₂^-）清除的强弱为:槲皮素>乙醚提取物>乙醇提取物>甲醇提取物。对于羟基自由基（·OH）的清除能力乙醚提取物优于其他2种提取物,但低于槲皮素,对抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化（LPO）作用的大小依次为乙醇提取物>槲皮素>乙醚提取物>甲醇提取物。因此,不同溶剂的提取物均具有一定的抗氧化性,其中乙醚提取物对几种自由基的清除作用相对较好,三种提取物对脂质过氧化物作用抑制最强,可以作为潜在的天然抗氧化剂开发利用。     

一种基于近红外光谱的天然产物抗氧化活性预测评价方法

提出了一种基于近红外(NIR)光谱的黄酮类提取物抗氧化活性计算预测新方法。采用1,1-二苯-2-苦肼基(DPPH)法测定28种黄酮类中药材提取物的抗氧化活性,并在4 000～10 000 cm-1范围扫描样品的红外光谱,采用偏最小二乘(PLS)算法建立了黄酮类组分近红外光谱与抗氧化活性之间的校正模型。建模过程中,以交叉验证相关系数(R2),交叉验证误差均方根(RMSECV)为指标,确定了用于建模的最优近红外波段和光谱预处理方法。校正模型的RSECV为9.50%,R2为 0.901 7,预测误差均方根(RMSEP)为14.8%。该方法快速无损、操作简便,可用于中药及天然产物提取物抗氧化活性的快速评价。     

溪黄草四种基源植物的二维相关红外光谱鉴别研究

采用傅里叶红外光谱法和二维相关红外光谱法对中药溪黄草的4种基源植物进行了鉴别研究。结果表明,溪黄草4种基源植物共有成分为酯类、羧酸类、黄酮类、木质素、芳香类、糖苷类等,但四者各主体成分的相对含量差别较大,其中纤花线纹香茶菜和溪黄草富含酯类、羧酸类物质、木质素、芳香族化合物,而线纹香茶菜和狭基线纹香茶菜中富含黄酮类物质。在二维相关红外光谱上,根据它们自动峰的数目、位置、相对峰强度的差异,可实现对中药溪黄草4种基源植物的鉴别。该方法快速、简便、无损、客观、成本低、重复性好,为中药溪黄草的基源种的鉴别提供了新的有效方法。     

中药复方和某种植物分泌液对脂质过氧化的抑制作用

利用发光测量法,研究了中药复方、植物分泌液(SL)和植物分泌液复方(SLIV)对Fe2+-亚麻油酸-BSA(牛血清白蛋白)和Fe2+-脑勺浆两个离体体系产生的脂质过氧化(LPO)有抑制作用,抑制程度与用药浓度有关.将中药复方应用于辐照模型,结果表明7Gy的γ射线辐照后小白鼠全血硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(SeGSH-Px)活性降低,恢复缓慢,脑组织脂质过氧化加剧,而事先喂饲中药复方能显著提高SeGSH-Px水平,加速其活力恢复,增强脑组织抗氧化能力;将SL和SLIV应用于脑缺血重灌模型,结果显示沙土鼠脑缺血重灌后全血SeGSH-Px活力下降,血浆MDA上升,SeGSH-Px/MDA值降低,脑组织抗氧化能力下降,而事先喂饲SL、SLIV上述结果正相反,能明显提高机体的抗LPO能力.     

新疆一枝蒿黄酮提取物抗氧化活性分析

采用超声波辅助提取法提取了一枝蒿中黄酮类化合物,采用邻二氮菲-Fe²⁺氧化法、DPPH·法和普鲁士蓝法3种常用的体外抗氧化活性评价方法,对一枝蒿黄酮提取物的抗氧化能力进行全面的比较分析。结果表明,一枝蒿黄酮提取物的羟基自由基的清除率高达73.47%;DPPH·自由基的清除率比羟基自由基高16.93%,普鲁士蓝法测定总抗氧化结果为0.125。     

毛泡桐花黄酮抗氧化性的初步研究

采用70%乙醇提取毛泡桐花中的黄酮类化合物,研究了黄酮提取物对猪油的抗氧化性能,并考察了柠檬酸对黄酮提取物的增效作用.结果表明:毛泡桐花黄酮提取物对猪油具有抗氧化活性,并随提取物添加量的增加而增强;柠檬酸对黄酮提取物的抗氧化性具有明显的增效作用.     

抗氧化剂抗脂质过氧化机制的ESR研究

以NADH诱导的心肌线粒体损伤体系为模型,在体外用ESR研究了谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的抗氧化机制.结果表明,低浓度的GSH可部分抑制体系中自由基的生成;SOD与HRP以适当比例共同作用,可完全抑制体系中自由基的生成,较好地防止脂质过氧化的发生.     

基于FTIR比较分析鸡骨草与毛鸡骨草的化学组分

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析鸡骨草与毛鸡骨草的红外光谱特征及其化学成分的差异。采集鸡骨草和毛鸡骨草两种药材整株和不同部位的FTIR图,运用二阶导数谱和半定量分析研究不同谱图间的差异。结果显示鸡骨草与毛鸡骨草均含挥发油、三萜类、黄酮、皂苷、多糖类等化学成分。黄酮类、皂苷类、多糖类成分含量均以毛鸡骨草高。"指纹"区的特征光谱显示,鸡骨草根部的黄酮类成分含量少于茎部、而皂苷类和多糖类成分含量高于茎部;毛鸡骨草黄酮类和皂苷类成分含量以叶部最高,根部最低;多糖类成分叶部最高,根部和茎部较低但二者含量相近。FTIR技术可以快速鉴别出鸡骨草与毛鸡骨草主要化学成分的差异,避免了用单一成分来衡量药材质量的优劣。     

甘肃临泽小枣多糖提取及抗氧化性

研究了甘肃临泽小枣的抗氧化活性.采用邻二氮菲-Fe<'2+>-H<,2>O<,2>氧化法、邻苯三酚自氧化法以及卵黄脂蛋白不饱和脂肪酸过氧化体系对小枣多糖抗氧化作用进行了测定.临泽小枣多糖对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基均有清除能力,并能抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化作用,在相同浓度下,多糖提取液对羟自由基清除能力最强、抑制卵黄脂...     

野菊花不同提取物的红外光谱分析

利用红外光谱的宏观指纹特性,对野菊花不同溶剂提取物的红外光谱图和二阶导数红外光谱图进行了整体分析。可知,野菊花石油醚提取物主含长链脂肪酸(酯)、不饱和酮以及小分子萜类等低极性化合物,乙酸乙酯提取物主含萜类和黄酮类化合物,无水乙醇提取物主含黄酮及黄酮苷类化合物,95%乙醇提取物主含黄酮苷类化合物,去离子水提取物主含多糖及鞣质类等大极性成分。此外,与野菊花指标成分蒙花苷的红外光谱分析比较,可知野菊花无水乙醇提取物中所含有的黄酮量是最多的。因此,利用红外光谱法对中药提取物直接进行分析,可初步识别其主体成分,为下一步制定药效成分的提取方案和检测方法提供方向性参考。     

Effect of Non-Enzymatic Glycation on Cystatin: A Spectroscopic Study

The study shows the effect of nonenzymatic glycation on conformation and inhibitory activity of chick pea cystatin (CPC). CPC was incubated with different reducing sugars, pentose (D-Ribose), hexoses (D-Glucose, D-Fructose) at 37 °C for 5 weeks. To evaluate the modification of CPC by these different sugars during the glycation process the extent of the Maillard reaction, conformational, structural and functional changes were investigated. The behaviour of glycated CPC was monitored by the techniques of UV and fluorescence spectroscopies. Specific fluorescence was employed to characterise the glycation and AGEs. The anti-papain activity of glycated CPC was found to be significantly lower as compared to its non-glycated form. Glycation with ribose led to maximum loss in inhibitory activity. It was found that the incubation of CPC with all the mentioned sugars led to a parallel increase in tryptophan fluorescence as well as in Maillard and other AGEs specific fluorescence values and hyperchromicity in the UV-region. Among the sugars studied comparatively ribose was found to be the most active in inducing structural and conformational alterations in the protein suggesting its high reactivity with protein amino groups.     

5种抗肝癌中草药中锌、铜、锰、铁和镁的含量分析

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了半边莲、半枝莲、山豆根、苦参和葛根5种抗肝癌中草药中Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe和Mg的含量。结果表明,各元素在所选的中草药中含量丰富。5种中草药中,半枝莲的Zn和Mn含量最高,半边莲的Cu和Fe含量最高,山豆根中Zn/Cu比值最高,而Mg的含量则均很高。该结果可为研究中草药的抗肝癌作用机理提供一定的信息。     

Formation of Pentosidine Cross-Linking in Myoglobin by Glyoxal: Detection of Fluorescent Advanced Glycation End Product

Glyoxal, a reactive α-oxoaldehyde, increases in diabetic condition and reacts with proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) following Maillard-like reaction. Considering the significance of protein modification by glyoxal-derived AGEs, we investigated the in vitro effect of glyoxal (200 μM) on the monomeric heme protein myoglobin (Mb) (100 μM) after incubation for one week at 25 °C. Glyoxal-treated Mb exhibited increased absorbance around the Soret region, decreased α-helicity and thermal stability compared to control Mb. Intrinsic fluorescence spectrum of the treated Mb showed an additional signal in the 400–500 nm region on excitation at 280 nm that was absent in control Mb. When excited at 335 nm, the glyoxal-treated sample gave a strong fluorescence indicating AGE formation. Mass spectrometric studies revealed formation of glyoxal-derived fluorescent AGE adduct pentosidine between Lys-145 and Arg-139 residues of Mb. Other than pentosidine, additional AGE adducts, namely, carboxymethyllysine at Lys-133, hydroimidazolone at Arg-31 and pyrrolidone-carboxymethyllysine at Lys-145 were also detected. Lys-145 was thus found to contain two different types of AGE adducts, indicating the heterogeneous nature of in vitro glycation reaction. AGE-induced protein modifications might be associated with complications in disease conditions.     

Influence of ultrasound pretreatment on the subsequent glycation of dietary proteins

The influence of ultrasound treatment on the subsequent glycation process of proteins is controversial. Glycation behaviors of bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and β-casein (β-CN) after ultrasound pretreatment (UP) were compared by both evaluating glycation kinetics and analyzing structural changes of proteins. UP resulted in both unfolding and aggregation behavior in protein samples, which altered the accessibility of the Lys and Arg. Five cycles of UP up-regulated the glycation degree of BSA and β-Lg, possibly due to the unfolding behavior induced by UP, which exposed additional glycation sites. In contrast, 30 cycles of UP induced a dramatic increase (by 97.9 nm) in particle size of BSA, thus burying portions of glycation sites and suppressing the glycation process. Notably, UP had minimal influence on glycation kinetics of β-CN, due to its intrinsic disordered structure. Based on proteomics analysis, the preference of Lys and Arg during glycation was found to be changed by UP in BSA and β-Lg. Four, 3 and 3 unique carboxyethylated lysine residues were identified in glycated BSA after 0, 5 and 30 cycles of UP, respectively. This study suggests that the protein glycation can be affected by UP, depending on the ultrasonication duration and native structure of the protein.     

荧光光谱法检测角膜晚期糖基化终末产物研究

晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）是一种结构多样的化合物,在人体血糖高于正常范围时,会大量产生且不能通过自身代谢降解,具有血糖长期异常的记忆作用。研究表明AGEs是引起糖尿病及其并发症的重要因素之一,通过检测体内AGEs的积累情况可以预测糖尿病及其并发症的发生和发展进程。现有的离体AGEs检测方法存在操作复杂、时间较长、成本较高和不易推广等问题;在体AGEs检测方法存在皮肤色素、年龄和血红蛋白干扰等问题。为此,基于角膜良好的光学特性和AGEs的自体荧光特性,提出一种角膜晚期糖基化终末产物荧光光谱检测方法。构建了一套角膜AGEs荧光光谱检测系统,系统由微型光纤光谱仪、集成LED激发光源、Y型12+1光纤和PC端光谱处理显示软件组成。荧光光谱检测系统采用激发光源波长分别为370和395 nm在暗室条件下对17名志愿者（男性9人,女性8人,糖尿病患者4人,年龄最小15周岁,最大81周岁）进行数据采集,得到激发光波长分别为370和395 nm的荧光光谱数据。为了准确识别荧光光谱中的有用信息,先截取需要的荧光光谱数据段（450~700 nm）,然后对其进行去除背景噪声、归一化、小波变化等方法处理,可以将荧光光谱中不明显的荧光峰值进行放大和识别。实验结果发现,采用波长为370和395 nm的LED作为激发光源,检测到角膜发射的荧光光谱范围在420~600 nm内,并且都分别在450~500,500~550和550~600 nm三个范围内存在光谱峰值。根据荧光性物质的荧光峰值与激发光波长无关的原理,表明两种不同波长的激发光所得到的荧光光谱都是由同一种物质AGEs产生。对糖尿病患者和正常人的荧光峰值强度进行分析,显示糖尿病患者的荧光强度明显高于正常人,表明本研究通过荧光光谱法检测角膜晚期糖基化终末产物具有可行性。     

黄芩的13C NMR指纹图谱研究

利用PFT-NMR 核磁共振波谱仪测定了黄芩提取物的¹³C NMR图谱,对黄芩提取物的¹³C NMR指纹图谱进行了解析,并与黄芩素、千层纸素A、汉黄芩素和黄芩苷进行了比较,获得了黄芩提取物的特征峰,结果表明不同黄芩提取物的¹³C NMR指纹图谱都显示出黄酮类有效成分特征共振峰,并具有很好的重现性和高度的特征性,可以成为黄芩真伪鉴别的依据.     

流体动力式超声与槽式超声提取黄芩的比较

目的:比较两种超声发生器对化学反应的促进作用。方法:首先用碘释放测量法进行实验,分别用气哨式流体动力式超声发生器和槽式超声清洗仪处理碘化钾溶液,采用分光光度法测定碘化钾溶液的吸光度。随后分别用流体动力式超声与槽式超声提取黄芩,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷含量。结果:经流体动力式超声发生器和槽式超声清洗仪处理的碘化钾溶液的吸光度分别为0.990和0.498。以水为溶剂用流体动力式超声提取黄芩,黄芩苷含量显著高于槽式超声。结论:流体动力式发生器(每升能耗0.0156kwh)的空化效应高于槽式超声清洗仪(每升能耗0.0148kwh)。     

金银花的13C NMR指纹图谱研究

利用PFT-NMR 核磁共振波谱仪测定了金银花特征提取物的¹³C NMR图谱,对金银花提取物的¹³C NMR指纹图谱进行了解析,与其有效成分绿原酸进行了比较,获得了金银花提取物的特征峰,并比较了不同金银花的优劣. 结果表明不同金银花提取物(M1, M2, Z1, Z2)的¹³C NMR指纹图谱都显示出绿原酸的特征共振峰,并具有很好的重现性和高度的特征性,可以成为金银花真伪鉴别的依据;优质(M1, Z1)与劣质(劣质M1,劣质Z1)金银花¹³C NMR图谱的差异进一步说明¹³C NMR指纹图谱可作为鉴别金银花质量的依据.     

Consequential secondary structure alterations and aggregation during prolonged casein glycation

Non-enzymatic glycosylation (glycation) of casein is a process used not just to ameliorate the quality of dairy products but also to increase the shelf life of canned foods, including baby milk supplements. Incubation of κ-casein with reducing sugars for 15 days at physiological temperature showed the formation of a molten globule state at day 9 and 12 during fructation and glucation respectively. This state exhibits substantial secondary structure and maximum ANS binding. Later on, glycation resulted in the formation of aggregates at day 12 in presence of fructose and day 15 in presence of glucose. Aggregates possess extensive β-sheet structure as revealed by far-UV CD and FTIR. These aggregates showed altered tryptophan environment, decrease ANS binding relative to molten globule state and increase in Thioflavin T fluorescence. Aggregates were also accompanied by the accumulation of AGEs, indicative of structural damage to the protein and formation of potentially harmful species at the physiological level. Fructose was more reactive than glucose and thus caused early and significant changes in the protein. From our studies, we conclude that controlling the extent of the Maillard reaction in the food industry is essential to counter its negative effects and expand its safety spectrum.     

丁香精油抗LDL糖基化活性及其主要成分——丁香酚与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用（英文）

实验室前期研究结果表明,在国家规定的药食两用物品名单中,丁香抗氧化活性最强。前人发现天然产物的抗氧化功能与抗糖基化活性息息相关。因此,目的是在此基础上进一步对丁香精油(clove essential oil, CEO)的抗糖基化活性及其中含量最高的组分—丁香酚(Eugenol)与牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin, BSA)的相互作用进行研究。在低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein, LDL)的非酶糖基化孵育体系中,光谱测定结果表明CEO对LDL糖基化早期、中期和末期产物的生成均具有显著的抑制效果,且对末期产物的抑制作用最强。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatography mass spectrometry, GC-MS)对CEO分析发现,CEO中含量最多的组分是丁香酚。通过多光谱和分子对接对丁香酚与BSA的相互作用研究发现,紫外-可见(ultraviolet-visible, UV-Vis)光谱表明丁香酚与BSA之间存在相互作用;在荧光发射光谱中,随着丁香酚浓度增加,BSA的荧光强度逐渐增强且发生蓝移,进一步证明了二者之间...